· Web viewHow does weight affect how fast a pendulum swings? This is a poor example because when...

Your Question is the specific problem, topic or question you plan to investigate. The results or answer for your question can only be found by a hands-on investigation.

Be specific when writing a question. For example: Instead of asking – How do bean plants grow?Ask: 1. Does the amount of water effect how tall a bean plant will grow?

2. Does soaking a bean seed before planting affect how fast it will grow?

3. Do bean plants grow better in an acid soil or an alkaline soil?

My Question: _______________________________________________________________________________

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Duval County Public Schools, Science Fair 2014

Question

Good Example: Does weight affect how fast a pendulum

swings?This is a good example because you begin your

question with a very basic wondering.

Bad Example: How does weight affect how fast a pendulum

swings?This is a poor example because when you use the

word “how” you already assume you can change the pendulum’s speed.

Your Question is approved! Next, work on your Hypothesis.

Your Question is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Question. Your new due date for your Question is: ______________________________________

Teacher Signature: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________

Hypothesis is a synonym for a prediction. After you ask your question, you try to predict what the answer will be based on your own background knowledge from either research or everyday observations. You must always give a real-world reason for your hypothesis. A good rule to follow for writing your hypothesis, write it as an “If, Then, Because” statement.

Model Question: Does weight affect the speed of a pendulum?

Model Hypothesis Example: I think weight does affect the speed of a pendulum. If I increase the weight of the pendulum then the speed of the swing will increase because when my big brother and I are swinging, he always goes faster than I do and he weighs more than I do.

Bad Hypotheses Examples: Weight might change the speed because I have seen swings moving

at different rates.

Weight can’t change the speed of a pendulum because I have never seen it done before.

My hypothesis is: ___________________________________________________________________________

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Hypothesis

There is a reason for the hypothesis with a specific example from the student’s own experience.

The student gives a definite answer to the question.

No definiteprediction was

This reason doesn’t prove the prediction “can’t.” Just because you haven’t seen it doesn’t mean it hasn’t happened.

Your Hypothesis is approved! Next, work on your Research Plan.

Your Hypothesis is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Hypothesis. Your new due date for your Hypothesis is: ________________________


Provide a typed (12 pt. double space) research plan and attach to Student Checklist (1A). Please include your name on each page.The research plan for ALL projects is to include the following: (include sections on plan)

A. Question or Problem being addressedB. Background and Rationale Why are you doing this problem and why?C. Goals/Expected Outcomes/HypothesesD. Description in detail of method or procedures (The following are important and key items that should be included when formulating ANY AND ALL research plans.)

• Procedures: Detail all procedures and experimental design to be used for data collection

Materials: What do you need to conduct your research and how much do you need?

Risk and Safety: Identify any potential risks and safety precautions to be taken. If you are using chemicals, include the safety information listed on the MSDS (material safety data sheet).

Data Analysis: Describe the procedures you will use to analyze the data/results that answer research questions or hypotheses

Will you calculate the mean, the frequency, the percentage Will you compare or correlate data points? What statistical tests will you use?

E. Bibliography: List at least five (5) major references (e.g. science journal articles, books, internet sites) from your literature review. If you plan to use vertebrate animals, one of these references must be an animal care reference. If you plan to use humans, one of the references must cover the protections for human subjects in research (The Belmont Report or the Code of Federal Regulations 45CFR 46).

o Use APA style in citing your references and use it consistently to reference the literature used in the research plan

o Guidelines can be found online


Research Plan

Your Hypothesis is approved! Next, work on your Research Plan.

Your Hypothesis is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Hypothesis. Your new due date for your Hypothesis is: ________________________


Items 1–4 below are subject-specific guidelines for additional items to be included in your research plan as applicable:1. Human participants research:

• Participants. Describe who will participate in your study (age range, gender, racial/ethnic composition). Identify any vulnerable populations (minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled or economically disadvantaged).

• Recruitment. Where will you find your participants? How will they be invited to participate?

• Methods. What will participants be asked to do? Will you use any surveys, questionnaires or tests? What is the frequency and length of time involved for each subject?

• Risk Assessmento Risks. What are the risks or potential discomforts (physical,

psychological, time involved, social, legal, etc.) to participants? How will you minimize the risks?

o Benefits. List any benefits to society or each participant.• Protection of Privacy. Will any identifiable information (e.g., names,

telephone numbers, birth dates, email addresses) be collected? Will data be confidential or anonymous? If anonymous, describe how the data will be collected anonymously. If not anonymous, what procedures are in place for safeguarding confidentiality? Where will the data be stored? Who will have access to the data? What will you do with the data at the end of the study?

• Informed Consent Process. Describe how you will inform participants about the purpose of the study, what they will be asked to do, that their participation is voluntary and they have the right to stop at any time.

2. Vertebrate animal research:• Briefly discuss potential ALTERNATIVES to vertebrate animal use and

present a detailed justification for use of vertebrate animals• Explain potential impact or contribution this research may have• Detail all procedures to be used

o Include methods used to minimize potential discomfort, distress, pain and injury to the animals during the course of experimentation

o Detailed chemical concentrations and drug dosages• Detail animal numbers, species, strain, sex, age, source, etc.

o Include justification of the numbers planned for the research• Describe housing and oversight of daily care• Discuss disposition of the animals at the termination of the study

3. Potentially Hazardous Biological Agents:• Describe Biosafety Level Assessment process and resultant BSL

determination• Give source of agent, source of specific cell line, etc. • Detail safety precautions


• Discuss methods of disposal 4. Hazardous Chemicals, Activities & Devices:

• Describe Risk Assessment process and results• Detail chemical concentrations and drug dosages• Describe safety precautions and procedures to minimize risk

• Discuss methods of disposal


Safety Review Approval Process

Will you ask people questions? Experiment on yourself? Experiment with other people in any way?

If your project ONLY requires the observation or measurement of human subjects (no harm or risks to the subjects), you must have approval from the Scientific Research Committee and complete the Human Participants Form (4), the Qualified Scientist Form (2), and a Human Informed Consent Form (one for each participant).

If your experiment requires touching humans

Does your project involve your pet or any other animals that have a backbone (vertebrates)?

Does your project involve mold? Microorganisms? Fire? Potentially hazardous substances?

If your project ONLY requires the observation or measurement of vertebrate animals, (no harm or risks to the subjects), you must have approval from the Scientific Research Committee and complete the Vertebrate Animals Form 5A or 5B and the Qualified Scientist Form (2).

You must have approval from the Scientific Research Committee and complete the Risk Assessment Form

Ye

Ye

Ye

No

No

Your Research Plan is approved! Next, work on your Variables.

Your Research Plan is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Research Plan. Your new due date for your Research Plan is: ________________________



A variable is something in your experiment that you change on purpose, wonder if it will change or if you force it to stay the same. All experiments have three (3) types of variables.

1. Test (Independent) Variable: You, as the scientist, change this in your experiment on purpose. Sometimes, it is called the manipulating variable. You can only have one (1) per experiment.

2. Outcome (Dependent) Variable: This is what might change in your experiment based on your test variable. Sometimes it is called the responding variable because it acts in response to what the test variable did.

If you have a well-written question, your independent variable and dependent variable are already identified.

3. Controlled Variables: These are parts of the investigation you keep the same so they don’t “interrupt” what the test variable is doing and how the outcome variable is reacting.


Model Variables: Test Variable – weight of the pendulum; you will add or take away

weight to the pendulum with each set of trials Outcome Variable – speed of the pendulum; you don’t know if this will

change as you add or take away the weight. Controlled Variables – length of string used; type of string used;

amount of time for each set of swings; starting “drop point” of the pendulum.

Use your materials list and your procedures to help you generate the controlled variables. There will be a different amount of controlled variables for different experiments.


Variables

You will change this on purpose.

You wonder if this will change.

String and a stopwatch were listed in your materials so you need to explain how you will control their use.

You must have approval from the Scientific Research Committee and complete the Risk Assessment Form

My Variables are:

Test Variable: _______________________________________________________________________

Outcome Variable: _________________________________________________________________

Controlled Variables: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My Revised Variables are:

Test Variable: _______________________________________________________________________

Outcome Variable: _________________________________________________________________

Controlled Variables: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Your Variables are approved! Next, work on your Materials list.

Your Variables are not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Variables. Your new due date for your Variables is: ____________________________



Your Variables are approved! Next, work on your Materials List.



Your materials are a list of the items you will need to conduct your experiment. As you develop your procedures on the next pages, you may need to add to this list.

Remember to list specific amounts of items and to always use metric measurements. Some standard measurement units are listed below to help you.

Measureable Item Metric Unit AbbreviationDistance/Length/Height millimeter

centimetermeterkilometer

mmcmmkm

Time Seconds or Minutes s or minWeight milligrams

gramskilograms

mggkg

Temperature degrees Celsius ºCVolume/Capacity milliliter

literkilolitercubic centimetercubic meter

mllklcm3

m3

Model Question: Does weight affect the speed of a pendulum?Model Materials Example:

Quantity and Description5 plumbing washers of equal size for the weight5 pieces, 35 cm each twine or string2 metric rulers1 stopwatch1 roll masking tape1 scissors

Bad Materials Example:


Your Variables are approved! Next, work on your Materials List.



Specific amounts are provided; metric ruler is used; specific type of weight is mentioned.

Materials

Quantity and Descriptionweightspieces of stringstopwatch

My Materials List:

Quantity and Units Description

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No specific amounts are given nor is the type of measuring ruler listed. The list also leaves out materials that will be needed for the investigation.

Procedures are a detailed list of step-by-step directions of how to conduct your experiment. Using specific details are very important to procedures – using exact amount of materials, the time it will take for parts, etc. The goal for procedures is for someone to follow the experiment exactly as you meant for it to be conducted without having you there to explain the directions. Remember, you must repeat the activity a minimum of three (3) times!


Model Procedures Example:1. Gather all materials.2. Cut my sting into a piece that is 34cm long.3. Tape one end of my string to a table so 30 cm are hanging off the side

of the table.4. Tie one plumbing washer to the free end of the string.5. Lift the washer to the bottom of the table and release.6. Start timing when the washer is released and continue timing until the

pendulum has completed ten complete swings (back and forth).7. Repeat 5 times and find the mean of the times. Record all data collect

on the data chart.8. Add one more washer to the string.9. Repeat steps 4-7 with two, three, four and five washers on the string.10. Compare the means of the data to draw conclusions.


Your Materials List is approved! Next, work on your Procedures.

Your Materials List is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Materials List. Your new due date for your Materials List is: ____________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________ Procedur

es

Bad Procedures Example:1. Gather your materials and ask mom for permission to work in the

kitchen.2. Tie one weight onto the end of the string.3. Swing the pendulum 10 times and time how long it takes to swing.4. Write down your answer.5. Do it all over again until you have used all of the weights.

My Procedures:1. ________________________________________________________________________

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These procedures are not clear. The reader would not be able to recreate your experiment.

9. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

You will need a place to write down your data as you conduct your trials and make your observations. You collection tool can be a table and must include the following items:

a title labels to describe the columns or rows space for repeated trials (a minimum of three;; more is better!) space for the a calculation of the median of the data and the mean

(average) of the data, if required by your teacher all data is collected in metric units (see Materials for a reminder)

If you are not collecting numerical data but rather making observations, you still need to design a chart or keep a journal in which you can record your


Your Procedures are approved! Next, work on your Data Collection Tool.

Your Procedures are not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Procedures. Your new due date for your Procedures is: ______________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________Data Collection Tool

detailed notes. This is most typical with projects that involve the growth or decay of something.


Model Data Collection Table

Effect of Weight on the Speed of a PendulumWeight

of Pendulu

m

Individual Trial Results in minutes and seconds

Median Time for 10 Swings

Mean Time for 10 Swings

1 Weight2 Weights3 Weights4 Weights5 Weights

My Data Collection Tool:(use the space below to design your data collection tool for your experiment.)


Test Variable

Outcome Variable

Individual Outcome Variable Results

Now you are all ready to conduct your experiment. All of the work you have done up to this point has prepared you for a thorough investigation on your topic. Before you begin your experiment, remember to:

Gather all the materials you listed on p. 16 Have an adult present if your investigation requires it Follow the procedures just as you wrote them on p. 18


Your Data Collection Tool is approved! Next, work on your Experiment.

Your Data Collection Tool is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Data Collection Tool. Your new due date for your Data Collection Tool is: ______________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________Experimental Data

Results

Keep accurate records by filling in your data chart as you go REMEMBER!

If you are growing something (plants, mold) plan to allow a minimum of two weeks (approximately 14 days) for everything to grow enough for you to have a meaningful amount of data

If you are freezing something, plan to allow a minimum of four hours for liquids to freeze completely so a meaningful amount of data can be collected

If you are melting something, plan to allow an appropriate amount of time depending if you are melting the item in an oven or just by natural temperature

If you are using an oven, remember to have an adult present.

Do not begin to graph your data until your teacher has approved the data you collected in your table.

Once your teacher has approved the data you have collected in your table and you have summarized the data by finding the median, mean or some other method of highlighting the important results, you are ready to graph your data. Here are the steps to organize your material:


Your Experiment Data is approved! Next, work on your Graphic Display.

Your Experiment Data is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Experiment Data. Your new due date for your Experiment Data is: ______________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________ Graphic

Display

You must choose the correct type of graph to display your results.o Line graphs should be used to display continuous data –

information that changes over time. temperature changes (not just a final, ending temperature) growth changes time changes

o Bar graphs should be used to display data that is separate or distinct from other pieces of data in your activity.

height of bouncing or falling objects distance objects travel survey results

o Pie charts, line plots and stem/leaf plots are not usual graphical displays in Science Fair projects. Please check with your teacher first if you are considering one of these types of displays

All graphs need to include the following information:o title – this can be the same as your data collection tableo Test variable – this goes on the horizontal (x-axis); you can use

what you have on the data collection tableo Outcome variable – this goes on the vertical (y-axis); use the

same description as the data collection table If you only present one graphic display, it must be the summary data

(median, mean).o You can present a graphic display of all of your data but it must

be in addition to the summary graph You may use the graphing paper on the next page or select a graphing

tool of your own.o On the provided graph, space has been left around the perimeter

for all of the labels and to use it portrait or landscape style.o Computer-generated graphs are allowed but be sure they

contain all of the information listed above.


A written explanation gives a brief analysis of the data you collected in your table and displayed visually in your table. It should be about one paragraph and summarize the data shown in the table and graph. It can include trends you noticed in the data, if any, but it should not be a conclusion.



Your Graphic Display is approved! Next, work on your Conclusion.

Your Graphic Display is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Graphic Display. Your new due date for your Graphic Display is: ______________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________Written Explanation of

Data

Model Written Results Explanation Example:The mean (average) time for 10 swings was approximately the same for all the weights.The longest time was with 2 weights at 28 seconds and the shortest time was with 5 weights at 24 seconds. However, since these times are close to each other and so are the other times, I would say the trend is that nothing really changes. When I look at the median data, the results are about the same – there is no real difference.

Bad Written Results Explanation Example:My mean data was 1 weight at 26 seconds, 2 weights at 28 seconds, 3 weights at 27 seconds, 4 weights at 25 seconds and 5 weights at 24 seconds. I can’t tell if there is a trend to this data.

My Written Explanation of my Data:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


(This data was made-up just to demonstrate how to write an explanation.)

This explanation summarizes the data by only mentioning the shortest and longest piece of data.

There is an attempt to discuss a trend to the data even though a trend isn’t completely clear.

This explanation just states in words exactly what the table says. It doesn’t summarize the most important data nor is there any brief discussion of a possible trend. Stating that you “can’t tell if there is a trend” is not an analysis.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Your Written Explanation is approved! Next, work on your Conclusion.

Your Written Explanation is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Written Explanation. Your new due date for your Written Explanation is: ______________________



Conclusion

The conclusion tells what you learned about the topic after completing the experiment. It contains many parts. Use the question prompts below to organize your ideas. Then, join them together into multiple paragraphs to create your final conclusion.

What is the answer to the question your asked? Re-read your hypothesis. Did the results support or fail to support your

hypothesis? What can you infer about your results? How can this information help you, others or even companies in the

real-world? Did you have any problems as you conducted your investigation? If you kept the same topic, what different idea would you test next

year?

My Conclusion:______________________________________________________________________________

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After finishing your research and experimentation, you are required to write a 250 word (maximum), one-page abstract. This should be written on the Official Abstract and Certification Form as provided by the State Science and Engineering Fair of Florida.

The Abstract should include the following information: Purpose of the experiment Procedure Data Conclusions It may also include and possible research applications ONLY minimal reference to previous work may be included

The Abstract may NOT include the following: Acknowledgements (including the name of the research institute

and/or mentor with which were working) Self-promotions and external endorsements Work or procedures done by the mentor

Completing the Certification


Your Conclusion is approved! Next, work on your Abstract.

Your Conclusion is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Conclusion. Your new due date for your Conclusion is: ______________________


Parent Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________Abstract

The top of the Abstract should include:

Title of Project

Student’s Name

School Name, City and State, Country

At the bottom of the Abstract & Certification Form there are five questions. Please read each carefully, answer appropriately, and sign in the signature box to certify your answers. The SSEF Scientific Research Committee (SRC) will review and approve the abstract and answers to the questions.

Revisions or questions will be resolved onsite at the SSEF. Bring a copy of your Abstract to the Regional Science Fair. Only after final SRC approval has been obtained via a stamped copy of this Abstract may a finalist make copies to hand out to the judges and the public.

My Abstract:______________________________________________________________________________

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Below are some tips and regulations for creating an outstanding Board Display.

Be Neat: Avoid frayed or ripped edges of paper, glue globs, lots of cross outs or white outs etc. If possible, everything on your board should be typed, making sure that you use the same fonts and font sizes throughout. Do not go overboard with fonts, font colors or font sizes. Try to keep everything looking uniform. If you are hand writing, use pen and write very neatly so that everything can be read. Cursive is not encouraged.Use Colors to Attract Attention: Use no more than three colors on your project board.Too many colors can be distracting.Frame or Matte Your Work: Use construction paper, or other materials, to provide a background for your written work and labels.Choose a Good Title: Titles should be short, catchy and related to your topic.

For example, Cool Color Cubes is better than The Melting Rate of Different Colors of Ice Cubes

Spelling Counts: Have an adult check all of your spelling before printing.Practice the Layout: Before you glue anything to your board, lay it all out to make sure it fits. If items are too small make them larger, if items are to large make them smaller. You do not want things to overlap and you do not want too much white space.Do Not Glue Any Materials From Your Project: Only paper and photographs are allowed on your board. If you want to put a material on your board, take a picture of it and glue that on your board.Do Add Photos and Drawings: This is the best way to clearly shows what you did during your investigation. All pictures of human subjects MUST be


Board Display

Your Abstract is approved! Next, work on your Board Display.

Your Abstract is not approved. Use my comments to re-write your Abstract. Your new due date for your Abstract is: ______________________



accompanied by a consent form that grants permission to use the pictures. All photographs and graphics must be clearly labeled as to source and / or photographer. Photographs depicting vertebrate animals (including humans) in other than normal conditions may not be displayed on the board or in the notebook.Select the Right Size: No more than 122 cm wide, 274 cm high from the floor, and 76 cm deep. This includes all parts of the display, including backboard, electronic equipment, and models.ISEF Forms: If the project is a continuation of a previous year’s work, Form 7 is displayed in a vertical position. If the investigation was conducted at a Research Institution, Form 1C is displayed in a vertical position. Human informed consent forms are not at the project.Written Material: Written material must be related to the current year’s work only. Prior year’s written material or visual depictions may not be displayed on the vertical display board, except that the project title may mention the number of years that the study has been conducted. Research Plans should be placed on the table in front of your board

Abstract: The abstract is displayed in the vertical position either on the board or standing on the table. You will be given a certified copy to place on or in front of your board during registration. A copy of the CERTIFIED ABSTRACT ONLY may be given to judges.Computer: Computer images and programs may be used only to demonstrate computer software that was developed by the student researcher. Computer images, video and presentations, such as Power Point, will not be viewed by the judges.Live Organisms: No organisms, living or dead, including plants, animals, and microbes are to be displayed. This does not include the materials (wood and paper) of which the project is constructed. No human or animal parts, histological sections, or wet mounts.Soil/Waste: No soil or waste samples are allowed. Rocks & minerals that have no special hazardous chemicals may be displayed in a covered and secured case.Chemicals: No chemicals, including water are allowed. No liquids unless they are a critical part of an operative apparatus - these must be removed after judging. No poisons, drugs, controlled substances, hazardous substances or devices. No gases under pressure or super-cooled gases, including dry ice.Food: No human or animal foods.Sharp Items/Glass: No sharp or sharp edged items (i.e., tacks, syringes, needles, pipettes). No glass allowed except computer monitors, television screens, and fluorescent light bulbs. No unsecured glass of any kind (i.e., lenses, glass containers, frames). Picture frames should be acrylic. Fire/Heat: No flames or highly flammable display materials. No temperatures above 75º C.


Machinery: No unshielded belts, pulleys, chains, or moving parts that pose a hazard may be operated (display only).Lasers: No lasers that do not meet ISEF standards: Class II, student-operated, sign, protective housing, and power disconnect. Lasers MUST have original, undamaged, readable class label on them. No Class III and IV lasers operated.Electricity: No batteries (dry, wet or gel cell) with open top cells. No un-insulated wiring or connectors. No unshielded high voltage-equipment, large vacuum tubes, or ray generating devices. No bare wire or exposed knife switches except in DC circuits of 12 volts or less. No car or motorcycle batteries.Apparatus: No nonfunctional apparatus or chemical containers empty or otherwise may be displayed. No small objects that are not encased or attached to the project.Sounds: No loud, disturbing, or distracting sounds will be produced by a project's equipment.Lighting: No bright, unshielded or distracting lights. No incandescent lighting.Embellishments: No awards, medals, business cards, flags, personal information or acknowledgments may be displayed.


Science Fair Journal

· Web viewHow does weight affect how fast a pendulum swings? This is a poor example because when...

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