Guided Notes Muscle Names and Movement

Name: ___________________________ Class: ___________

Rules of Muscle Movement

1. All muscles have at least two _______________________________________________.

• The ______________ is attached to the less movable bone

• The _______________ is attached to the more moveable bone.

2. Muscles can only ____________________________. They cannot push.

3. During contraction, the muscle _____________________________________________.

Movements

• _____________________________ – a movement that decreases the angle between two bones, bringing them closer together.

• _____________________________ – a movement that increases the angle between two bones, putting them farther apart.

• _____________________________ – extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

• ______________________________ – movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

• _____________________________ – movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

• ______________________________ – movement of a bone raround its longitudinal axis

If muscles can’t push, how do we do the opposite movement?

How do we extend the arm?

• ______________________________ – the proximal end of a limb is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle

• _____________________________– lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin

• _____________________________ – pointing the toes

• _____________________________ – turning sole medially

• _____________________________ – turning sole laterally

• ______________________________ – turning the palm so that it faces anteriorly

mnemonic: cupping a bowl of soup in your palm

• ______________________________– turning the palm so that it faces posteriorly

Examples

Work with a partner to come up with 5 ways to do each of the following movements:

• Flexion

• Extension

• Hyperextension

• Abduction

• Adduction

• circumduction

Types of Muscles

• _________________________ – muscle that has the major responsibility for a movement

• _________________________ – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement

Muscles can be both a prime mover and an antagonist – of different motions.

Movement Prime mover AntagonistElbow flexion

Elbow extension

• _________________________ – muscles that assist movement by also producing the motion or stabilizing joints and reducing unwanted movements.

Ex: ________________________ and ___________________________ are synergists of elbow flexion because they help the biceps

• _________________________ – a type of synergist that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover, so that only the insertion moves.

Example: the rotator cuff muscles of scapula are fixators for elbow flexion.

Practice 1

• Find as many examples as you can of prime mover – antagonist pairs in the muscles just listed

• Find as many synergist muscles as you can in the muscles just listed

Practice 2 – fill in diagrams