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Operating a Sandwich Stall using Agile Methodologies

Deepak DurgaPrasad Bhatt, Agile Coach

Accenture

Abstract

Agile has been adopted in the IT industry on a very large scale in the recent times. The Quick turnaround time and the Iterative and Incremental methods have done wonders in this Industry. But can this approach work in other industries. This study tries to answer this question where we have taken the Scrum and Kanban approach (SCRUMBAN) of Agile methodology to run a Sandwich stall which has been recently opened. The study follows all the Agile ceremonies and also has a Dedicated Product Owner, Scrum Master and the Development and Operations Team. This study runs for 4 sprints and proves that Agile and DevOps can be adopted in other Industries too successfully. With the Involvement of Stakeholders and Team on daily the product turnaround time is very significant and the Return on Investment (ROI) is very quick.

DevOps introduced us to world of having Cross-functional Team where each individual on the Team is capable of taking Additional responsibilities. The same is true about the paper here where every person working in the stall has to perform different set of duties on a weekly manner thus becoming trained cross functionally. Also Continuous Delivery has been made possible by using these methodologies. This paper attempts to bring 3 different methodologies Scrum, Kanban and DevOps and implement it in running a Sandwich stall to see the difference these methodologies can have in a Non - IT world.

Project Statement

The Stall owner wants to Increase his business Quarter by Quarter. Meanwhile he also wants to maintain the Quality and Introduce New flavours and New offerings over the Period of Time. He decides to use Scrumban as his business Methodology. Only 2 Sandwiches are going to be offered at the Opening. The Food Stall opens in Two weeks

WIP Limit – 3 for Product Backlog

WIP limit – 2 for Sauces

WIP Limit – 1 for new offering per Quarter

Sprints – 2 weeks

Team Size – 1 Product Owner, 1 Scrum Master, 6 Development Team

Work Break Down

Product Owner – Interacts with Customer and Collects Feed Back

Scrum Master – Makes Sure the Team is following Agile Methods

1 Development Team – Making Sure Everything is clean

1 Dev Team – Making Sure Veggies are there throughout the day

2 Dev Team – Handling the Vegetarian Counter

2 Dev Team – Handling the Non Vegetarian Counter

DevOps

• The Team uses the 5c’s methodology during the whole process

• Continuous Integration

• Continuous Testing

• Continuous Deployment

• Continuous Monitoring

• Continuous Feedback

The Team through this process is able to bring down the Lead and the cycle time sprint by sprint

Product Backlog

Payment Option

Potato Sandwich

Chicken Sandwich

Proper Process in Place

New Sauce

New Flavour

New Type of Bread

New Category (e.g. Paneer, Egg)

Food Delivery

Feed Back Survey Forms

SPRINT ZERO (2 Weeks)- Make Sure Infrastructure is in place

A small Food stall is in Place. The food Stall has 2 Grilling Pans for the Sandwiches. Place for Veggies are in place at both the ends with space being left for any other Veggies or Non Veg Items introduced in Future. The Item holders are of same dimensions

Sauce holders in place at both ends with extra holders in place for any sauces being introduced in Future. The Sauce holders are of same dimension and so are the containers in Which Sauces are kept

Place for Bread also has been Identified along with Place for Plates, Tissues, Spoons. A cash Register is also present in the Stall

Stall timings are from 11 am to 8 pm

- Make Sure People with Proper Skill sets are in Place

Prominent Roles

Product Owner – The Food Stall Owner

Scrum Master – Stall Manager

Development and Operations Team – Stall Workers

- Make Sure a Product Backlog is in Place

Product Backlog

Payment Option

Potato Sandwich

Chicken Sandwich


New Sauce

New Flavour

New Type of Bread

New Category (e.g. Jain Sandwich, Halal meat)

Food Delivery

Feed Back Survey Forms

- Sprint Planning takes Place

Product Backlog is reprioritized

Potato Sandwich

Chicken Sandwich

Feedback Survey Forms

Payment Option


New Sauce

New Flavour

New Type of Bread


Food Delivery

- User Stories are in Place

As A User I want to have a Potato Sandwich so that I will have an alternative to Non Vegetarian option

As a User I want to have a Chicken Sandwich in lunch so that I can fill full after eating it

As a User I want to have a sandwich so that I can spend less outside on food

As a User I want to have different sauces on my sandwich every second time so that I do not become bored by eating the same type of Sandwich

As a User I want to have option of different breads so that I can keep my dietary needs in Consideration

As a User I want to have different flavours introduced for Sandwiches so that I have other options to choose from

As a User I want to see a different category of Sandwich so that my religious aspects could be taken care of.

As a User I want to have my sandwiches made quickly so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line.

As a User I want to see a Proper Process in place for Ordering and Paying for Food so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line

As a User I want to see skilled workers in the stall so that they can understand my needs and can make change accordingly

As a User I want the stall to have a manager so that my inquiries or refunds can be addressed

As a User I want to have an option of Paying by Credit or Debit card so that I do not have to carry cash all time

As a User I want to have a Food Delivery Option so that I do not have to leave my office during the working hours

As a User I want to see the food being made in front of me so that I feel safe about hygiene

As a User I want to fill up Feedback forms so that I can be serviced better in future

- Team Chooses from the Product Backlog

The first 2 Items Chosen from the Product Backlog:

Chicken Sandwich

Bread

Butter

Mayo

Minced Chicken

Onions

Potato Sandwich

Bread

Onions

Butter

Mayo

Boiled Potatoes

Survey Feedback Forms – This is the third Item chosen from the Product Backlog for First Sprint

- User Stories related to Product Backlog Items chosen are identified (For 2 Sprints)

As A User I want to have an Potato Sandwich so that I will have an alternative to Non Vegetarian option

As a User I want to have a Chicken Sandwich in lunch so that I can fill full after eating it

As a User I want to have a sandwich so that I can spend less outside on food

As a User I want to have my sandwiches made quickly so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line.

As a User I want to see the food being made in front of me so that I feel safe about hygiene

As a User I want to fill up Feedback forms so that I can be serviced better in future

As a User I want to have different sauces on my sandwich every second time so that I do not become bored by eating the same type of Sandwich

As a User I want to see a Proper Process in place for Ordering and Paying for Food so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line

As a User I want to see skilled workers in the stall so that they can understand my needs and can make change accordingly

As a User I want the stall to have a manager so that my inquiries or refunds can be addressed

As a User I want to have an option of Paying by Credit or Debit card so that I do not have to carry cash all time

- Estimations are done for User Stories

As a User I want to have a sandwich so that I can spend less outside on food (Base User Story) – 2 Points

As a User I want to have a Potato Sandwich so that I will have an alternative to Non Vegetarian option – 3 points

As a User I want to have a Chicken Sandwich in lunch so that I can fill full after eating it – 3 points

As a User I want to have my sandwiches made quickly so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line. – 3 Points

As a User I want to see the food being made in front of me so that I feel safe about hygiene – 5 points

As a User I want to fill up Feedback forms so that I can be serviced better in future – 3 points

As a User I want to have different sauces on my sandwich every second time so that I do not become bored by eating the same type of Sandwich – 2 points

As a User I want to see a Proper Process in place for Ordering and Paying for Food so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line – 3 points

As a User I want to see skilled workers in the stall so that they can understand my needs and can make change accordingly – 3 points

As a User I want the stall to have a manager so that my inquiries or refunds can be addressed – 3 points

As a User I want to have an option of Paying by Credit or Debit card so that I do not have to carry cash all time – 5 points

Price for Sandwiches -

Chicken Sandwich – 65 Rupees

Potato Sandwich – 45 Rupees

INVESTMENTS MADE (Sprint Zero)Stall – 30000 Rupees per month for Rent

Workers wage –

For Scrum Master – 5000 Rupees per month

For Stall workers – 3500 per month

Total Expenditure in wages is = 5000 + 3500*6 = 26000 Rupees

Cost of equipment

2 Grillers – 5000 Rupees

Cleaning Material – 1500 Rupees

So Investment made in Sprint 0 is 63500 Rupees

SPRINT 1DAY 1

- Task Creation for User Stories

As a User I want to see the food being made in front of me so that I feel safe about hygiene – 1 person Tasked – 1 hour

(1) Make sure Workers are wearing Gloves and Hair Nets at all the Times

(2) Make sure the Ingredients, Sauces and Breads are under Sneeze proof Glasses

(3) Make sure the Grills are clean

(4) Make sure the Work Place is clean

(5) Make sure all Extra items are properly refrigerated

As a User I want to have a Potato Sandwich so that I will have an alternative to Non Vegetarian option – 1 Person tasked – 8 hour

(1) Procure Bread, Potatoes, Onions, Mayo and Butter

(2) Make sure Potatoes are boiled, peeled and Ready to use

(3) Make sure all vegies are in place

(4) Make sure all sauces are in place

(5) Make sure to Understand the Customer Order and prepare the Potato sandwich in Time

(6) Make sure to make the Sandwich in full view of the Customer so he also is aware that everything is Hygienically done

As a User I want to have a Chicken Sandwich in lunch so that I can fill full after eating it – 1 Person – 8 hour

(1) Procure Bread, Chicken, Onions, Mayo and Butter

Make sure Chicken is properly cooked and Ready to use

(2) Make sure all vegies are in place

(3) Make Sure all sauces are in place

(4) Make sure to Understand the Customer Order and prepare the Chicken sandwich in Time

(5) Make sure to make the Sandwich in full view of the Customer so he also is aware that everything is hygienically done

As a User I want to have my sandwiches made quickly so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line – 1 person for Veg and 1 person for Non Veg – 8 hours for Veg and 8 hours for Non Veg

(1) One Person at Vegetarian side will apply Mayo to Bread and fill the Vegetables and Onions. The other person would be responsible for putting the Sandwich on the Griller and grilling it.

(2) One Person at Non Vegetarian side will apply Mayo to Bread and fill the Minced Chicken and Onions. The other person would be responsible for putting the Sandwich on the Griller and grilling it.

As a User I want to have a sandwich so that I can spend less outside on food – 1 Person

(1) Make sure the Sandwich is priced in an even manner so that it is not too heavy on customer pockets

As a User I want to Fill up Feedback forms so that I can be serviced better in future

(1) As a product Owner or Food stall owner I will pass out the Feedback/Survey forms

(2) If Customers not willing to fill up the form then will try to rake up a conversation with them

(3) The Conversation or the feedback form should be in a manner which indicates following points

- How was the Sandwich

- What more sauces would they like to see?- What kind of Bread would they prefer?- What can be done different?

(4) Make sure to pass this form every day and collect the feedback from the Customer for 2 weeks

Note: The activities of the Day 1 will be repeated for the Next 14 days till the Sprint is Over

DAILY STAND UP(1) Will happen daily for 15 Minutes at 8.15 in the evening

(2) Everybody will speak on Three Questions

What did they do today? What will they do tomorrow? Any Impediments

(3) Impediments that can be resolved within Team members will be taken care the next day

(4) Impediments not in Teams Hand will be addressed by the Stall Manager i.e. the Scrum Master with a Turn over time of 3-4 hours

(5) Any clarifications needed from Stall Owner or Product Owner will be clarified by the Product Owner

(6) This call will happen on a daily basis of the Sprint Cycle

REFINING PRODUCT BACKLOG(1) The team has found out through constant feedback form for the Implementation Of Credit Cards

(2) Also the Team came to know that the customers would like the current process of Ordering Sandwiches to Improve

(3) Also through Feedback it has come to be known that the Customer would like to have some new sauce Introduced e.g. Mustard

So the Team now has to refine the Product Backlog

Product Backlog is Reprioritized

New Sauce


Payment Option

New Flavour

New Type of Bread


Food Delivery

SPRINT DEMO(1) Sprint Demo would be on every 2nd Thursday when a New Flavour or a New Offering would be introduced.

(2) For Sprint 1 the daily feedback form of the Second Thursday would be Sprint Demo for the acceptance of User stories of the Sprint 1.

(3) Presented Customer with a Spicy Sauce Option and took feedback about it

SPRINT RETROSPECTIVE(1) This will happen every Second Friday of a Sprint Cycle

(2) Team members along with Product Owner and Scrum Master will sit down and Discuss what has been done well in these 2 weeks and which areas need Improvement.

(3) Action plan to address the Improvement Areas will be Finalized

(4) Team Velocity will be discussed by Scrum Master. Actions to Improve velocity will be discussed

Output of Sprint Retrospective:

Things to be addressed

(1) A simple process needs to be in place so that Order can be placed quickly and customers can be served earlier

(2) Credit card option needs to be provided to the Customer

(3) A new sauce needs to be introduced to enhance the Flavor

Things going fine

(1) Team is taking responsibility and helping each other

IMPEDIMENTS FACEDDAY 1, DAY 3, DAY6, DAY 7, DAY 8, DAY 10 –

(1) Sandwiches not being prepared in Proper time

Resolution – Encourage Team member to follow a process and stick to it

(2) Customer asking to make Credit Card Payment

Resolution – Apologize to Customer informing him that mode of payment will be available soon

DAY 2, DAY 8 –

(1) Potatoes not boiled on Time

Resolution – Make sure the Team member starts boiling the Potatoes ahead of Time

(2) Sandwiches were not toasted enough

Resolution – Make sure the Griller is at proper Temperature and Heat

DAY2, DAY 3, DAY4, DAY8, DAY 9, DAY 13 –

(1) Customers asking for More Option

Resolution – Apologize to Customer and inform him that more options are going to be introduced soon and based on Customer Feedback those options will be available

(2) One person handling Sandwich duty did not come in

Resolution – Team member helping with cleaning also volunteers to help with Sandwich duty…When there is some downtime in the Day he will go back to his cleaning duty

DAY 4 –

(1) Complaint about the Sandwich. The Chicken appeared raw

Resolution – Check the Chicken…If it is raw throw it away…Offer customer an Option of Potato Sandwich…If the Chicken is not raw please offer a customer an Option of Potato Sandwich or in a case where He has paid offer him Refund

(2) Not enough Change present to give back to customer

Resolution – Make sure you have Money in small denominations present all time so that proper Change can be offered to Customer

DAY 5, DAY 11, DAY 14 –

(1) Customers not happy about filling the Feedback form

Resolution – If Customer is not interested in filling the form, ask him if he could just describe how the Sandwich was, what he would like to see in future, what kind of Bread or Sauce would he prefer. Take down whatever the customer talks about and enter in the Feedback form

DAY 6 –

(1) Not enough plates present

Resolution – Make sure at the beginning of the day that enough plates and cutlery are present…even Backup should be planned ahead of time

DAY 7 –

(1) Person handling cleaning duties did not report

Resolution – Team Members volunteer to share this task

METRICS COLLECTED FOR 1ST SPRINT (Day Wise)(1) Total number of Potato Sandwiches sold

(2) Total number of Chicken Sandwiches sold

(3) Time taken to make Potato Sandwich

(4) Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich

(5) Time that Customer had to wait in the Line

(6) No of Story Points Completed

Table 1

Takeaways from 1st Sprint

(1) Total No of Veg Sandwiches made in Sprint 1 per day = 162/14 = 11.5 Sandwiches

(2) Total No of Non Veg Sandwiches made in Sprint 1 per day = 167/14 = 12 Sandwiches

(3) Total No of Minutes per Veg Sandwich per day = 10.03 Minutes

(4) Total No of Minutes per Non Veg Sandwich per day = 141/14 = 10.07 minutes

(5) Average time to make a Sandwich = 140.5 + 141/14 = 20.10 Minutes

(5) Average wait for Veg Sandwich Customers = 156.5/14 = 11.17 minutes

(6) Average wait for Non Veg Sandwich Customers = 164.5/14 = 11.75 Minutes

(7) Number of Story Points Executed = 19 Story Points

Graphical presentation

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Total number of Aloo Sandwiches soldTotal number of Chicken Sandwiches soldTime taken to make Aloo Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich (Minutes)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (VEG)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (NON VEG)

Figure 1

INVESTMENTS MADE (Sprint 1)Cost of Ingredients (Per Sprint)

Cost of Bread – 35

Daily Bread Loafs required are 4…So Daily cost is = 35*4 = 140

For a Month the cost = 140 *14 = 1960 Rupees

Cost of Mayo – 500 Rupees/ Sprint

Cost of Butter – 800 Rupees / Sprint

Cost of Potatoes – 10kg /Month = 300 Rupees/Sprint

Cost of Onions – 10Kg/ Sprint = 400 Rupees/Sprint

Cost of Chicken – 5 kg/Sprint = 1000 Rupees/Sprint

Cost of Electricity

Per month – 2500 Rupees/ Sprint

Cost of Printing

Feedback Survey forms – 500/Sprint

So Investment made in 1st Sprint 1 is 7960 Rupees

Cost of SandwichesPrice for Sandwiches -



EARNINGS AT END OF FIRST SPRINTTotal No of Potato Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 11.5 * 14 = 162

Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 12*14 = 167

So Money Earned from Potato Sandwich in first Sprint is 162 * 45 = 7290

So Money Earned from Chicken Sandwich in first Sprint is 167 * 65 = 10855

So Total Earnings after Sprint 1 has been = 18145 Rupees

SPRINT 2 STARTSProduct Backlog Items for Sprint 2

Payment Option


New Sauce

USER STORIES TO BE ADDRESSED


(1) A New Spicy sauce introduced which was first presented to customer during Sprint Demo of the 1st sprint…As per the Feedback the customers liked the Sauce very much

As a User I want to see a Proper Process in place for Ordering and Paying for Food so that I do not have to spend too much time in the Line – 3 points

(1) Pay here board mentioned above the Payment counter so that people know where they have got to pay

(2) Once order taken they are place on Individual counters as per the order that they were received so customers get their orders prepared systematically.

As a User I want to see skilled workers in the stall so that they can understand my needs and can make change accordingly – 3 points

(1) Train Stall workers in understanding what is that they can offer to customers with the resources that they have in front of them…If a customer wants his/her sandwich without Onions the Stall worker should understand that requirement and built the Sandwich in that particular manner.

(2) If the Customer is not decided then the stall worker can provide him options with the resources in front of him

As a User I want the stall to have a manager so that my inquiries or refunds can be addressed – 3 points

(1) In case of any refunds the stall manager should be skilled enough to quickly carry out the transaction

(2) If refund is not possible he should be in a position to explain to the customer as to what option do they have

As a User I want to have an option of Paying by Credit or Debit card so that I do not have to carry cash all time – 5 points

(1) Introduction of a Credit/ Debit machine goes a long way in addressing a prominent customer issue. Also introduction of this option leads to increase in Customer to the stall as is evident by the metrics that has been collected

(2) Make sure the Dial up connectivity is always present so that the Credit card Machine can be Functional at all the time








REFINING PRODUCT BACKLOGNew Type of Bread

New Flavour

New Category (e.g. Paneer)

Food Delivery

Turnaround Time

User Stories Estimation (For Sprint 3)As a User I want to have option of different breads so that I can keep my dietary needs in Consideration – 3 points

As a User I want to see a different category of Sandwich so that my sense of taste could be taken care of – 3 points

As a User I want to have a Food Delivery Option so that I do not have to leave my office during the working hours – 5 points

As a User I want to have different flavours introduced for Sandwiches so that I have other options to choose from – 5 Points

As a User I want my Sandwiches turnaround time to be fastened so that I do not have to wait long – 3 points


(2) For Sprint 1 the daily feedback form of the Second Thursday would be Sprint Demo for the Customers

(3) Presented Customer with a Wheat Bread Option and took feedback about it

(4) Option of Bread with Paneer introduced…Feedback taken about it

(5) Option of Chicken Tikka Sandwich introduced…Feedback taken about it


(2) Team members along with Product Owner and Scrum Master will sit down and discuss what has been done well in these 2 weeks and which areas need Improvement.

(3) Action plan to address the Improvement Areas will be finalized




(1) Things related to Process can still be improved

(2) Since new options were going to be introduced from next sprint need to see if another person can be added to Team was discussed

Things going fine;

(1) Team chemistry was coming to fore and lots of issues were handled by the Team efficiently

IMPEDIMENTS FACEDDAY 1, DAY 3 –

(1) Sandwiches not being prepared as per Customer Description

Resolution – Encourage Team member to hear what Customer wants exactly for his/her Sandwich

(2) Customer asking to make Credit Card Payment


DAY 2, DAY 8 –





DAY2, DAY 3, DAY4, DAY8, DAY 9, DAY 13 –

(1) Customers asking for more Option




DAY 4 –

(1) Complaint about the Sandwich. The Chicken appeared raw

Resolution – Check the Chicken…If it is raw throw it away…Offer customer an Option of Potato Sandwich…If the Chicken is not raw please offer a customer an Option of Potato Sandwich or in a case where He has paid offer him Refund

(2) Not enough Change present to give back to customer

Resolution – Make sure you have Money in small denominations present all time so that proper Change can be offered to Customer

DAY 5, DAY 11, DAY 14 –



DAY 6 –

(1) Not enough plates present

Resolution – Make sure at the beginning of the day that enough plates and cutlery are present…even Backup should be planned ahead of time

DAY 7 –



DAY 1,3,10 –

(1) Cashier not informing about introduction of new chili Sauce thus resulting in return of Sandwiches

Resolution – Cashier informs customer upfront on the new chili sauce being introduced leaving on Customer to make a decision

METRICS COLLECTED FOR 2nd SPRINT (Day Wise)(1) Total number of Potato Sandwiches sold

(2) Total number of Chicken Sandwiches sold

(3) Time taken to make Potato Sandwich

(4) Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich

(5) Time that Customer had to wait in the Line

(6) No of Story Points Completed

Days

Total number of

Potato Sandwiches

sold

Total number of Chicken

Sandwiches sold

Time taken to make Potato

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to make Chicken

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time that Customer had to wait in the line (VEG)

Time that Customer had to wait in the

line (NON VEG)

Day 1 12 14 9.5 9.5 11 11Day 2 15 16 9.75 9.75 11.25 11.25Day 3 15 18 10 9.5 11.5 11Day 4 16 17 9.25 9.5 10.75 11Day 5 17 19 9.2 9.3 10.7 10.8Day 6 16 21 9.4 9 11.5 11.5Day 7 18 21 9.1 9 11 10.5Day 8 19 22 9 8.8 10.5 10.5Day 9 18 24 9.1 8.5 10.2 10

Day 10 19 23 9 8.75 10.5 10.25Day 11 22 25 8.75 8 9.75 9.5Day 12 21 24 8.75 8.2 9.5 9.25Day 13 23 24 8.75 8.2 9.25 9.25Day 14 23 25 8.25 8 9.25 9.5

Total 254 293 127.8 124 146.65 145.3

Table 2

Takeaways from 2nd Sprint

(1) Total No of Veg Sandwiches made in Sprint 1 per day = 254/14 = 18.14 Sandwiches

(2) Total No of Non Veg Sandwiches made in Sprint 1 per day = 293/14 = 20.92 Sandwiches

(3) Total No of Minutes per Veg Sandwich per day = 127.8/14 = 9.12 Minutes

(4) Total No of Minutes per Non Veg Sandwich per day = 124/14 = 8.85 minutes

(5) Average time to make a Sandwich = 127.8 + 124/14 = 17.98 Minutes











Cost of Onions – 8 Kg/ Sprint = 320 Rupees/Sprint


Cost of Spicy Sauce – 1000 Rupees/Sprint

Cost of Electricity


Cost of Printing






ROI AT END OF 2nd SPRINTTotal No of Potato Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 18.14 * 14 = 253.96

Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 20.92*14 = 292.88

So Money Earned from Potato Sandwich in first Sprint is 253.96 * 47 = 12077.12

So Money Earned from Chicken Sandwich in first Sprint is 292.88 * 67 = 19622.96

So Total Earnings after Sprint 2 has been = 31700.08 RupeesGraphical presentation

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Total number of Potato Sandwiches soldTotal number of Chicken Sandwiches soldTime taken to make Potato Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich (Minutes)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (VEG)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (NON VEG)

Figure 2


New Category (Paneer)

Wheat Bread option

Chicken Tikka Flavour


As a User I want to have option of different breads so that I can keep my dietary needs in Consideration – 3 points

Resolution – Offer Customer the Option of Wheat Bread along with White Bread

As a User I want to see a different category of Sandwich so that my sense of taste could be taken care of – 3 points

Resolution – Inform Customer the introduction of Paneer Sandwich as a new category

As a User I want to have different flavours introduced for Sandwiches so that I have other options to choose from – 5 Points

Resolution – Inform Customer about Introduction of Chicken tikka Flavour

As a User I want my Sandwiches turnaround time to be fastened so that I do not have to wait long – 3 points

Resolution –

(1) Both people on Griller machine will work on 2 separate orders and place the order in Grill








REFINING PRODUCT BACKLOG (For Sprint 4)New Sauce (Mustard)

Turnaround Time

Food Delivery

User Stories Estimation (For Sprint 4)As a User I want to have a Food Delivery Option so that I do not have to leave my office during the working hours – 5 points


As a User I want the Turnaround time for Sandwich Delivery to be quicker so that I have to spend less time in the line – 3 points



(3) Presented with option of Mustard as a Sauce

(4) Introduce Delivery Option like Zomato to the Customer








(2) Since new options were going to be introduced from this sprint all hands would be needed to work on Sandwiches

Things going fine;


(2) The process has finally smoothened leading to less Customer complaints


(1) Sandwiches not being prepared as per Customer Description

Resolution – Encourage Team member to hear what Customer wants exactly for his/her Sandwich

(2) Credit card Machine not working


DAY 2, DAY 8 –





DAY 2, DAY 13 –





DAY 4, DAY 10, DAY 13, DAY 14 –

(1) Running out of Wheat Bread

Resolution –

(1) Offer the customer the Option of White bread

(2) If a store is nearby run out and get the Wheat Bread

(3) Make sure the Stall Leader checks the ingredients first thing in the morning and orders anything that the stall is short of

DAY 5, DAY 11, DAY 14 –



DAY 6 –

(1) Not enough Paneer present to make sandwich

Resolution –

(1) Offer the customer the Option of Potato Sandwich

(2) If a store is nearby run out and get the Paneer


DAY 7 –



DAY 1, DAY 3, DAY 10 –

(1) Cashier not informing about introduction of new choices being offered from that week resulting in customers leaving without ordering food

Resolution – Cashier informs customer upfront on the new Items being introduced leaving on Customer to make a decision

METRICS COLLECTED FOR 3rd SPRINT (Day Wise)

Days

Total number of

Potato Sandwiches

sold

Total number of

Paneer Sandwiches

sold

Total number of

Regular Chicken

Sandwiches sold

Total number of

Chicken Tikka

Sandwiches sold

Time taken to

make Potato

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to

make Paneer

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to

make Chicken

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to

make Paneer

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line (Potato)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the

line (Paneer)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the

line (Chicken)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line (Chicken

Tikka)Day 1 12 10 13 10 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 10 10Day 2 13 10 14 11 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75 9.75 9.75 10.25 10.25Day 3 13 11 15 12 9 9 8.5 8.5 10 10 10 10Day 4 14 12 15 12 8.25 8.25 8.5 8.5 9.25 9.25 10 10Day 5 14 13 16 13 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 9.2 9.2 9.5 9.5Day 6 14 13 17 13 8.4 8.4 7.75 7.75 9.4 9.4 10 10Day 7 16 15 17 14 8.1 8.1 7.75 7.75 9.5 9.5 9.25 9.25Day 8 16 15 17 14 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 9.5 9.5 9.25 9.25Day 9 17 16 18 15 8.1 8.1 7.5 7.5 9.25 9.25 9 9Day 10 18 16 18 17 7.8 7.8 7.75 7.75 9.5 9.5 9 9Day 11 16 16 19 18 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 9.4 9.4 9 9Day 12 19 17 19 19 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.2 9.25 9.25 9 9Day 13 19 17 20 21 7.25 7.25 7.2 7.2 9.15 9.15 8.9 8.9Day 14 20 18 20 21 7 7 7 7 9 9 8.8 8.8

Total 221 199 238 210 112.35 112.35 110 110 131.65 131.65 131.95 131.95

Table 3

Takeaways from 3rd Sprint

(1) Total No of Potato Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 221/14 = 15.78 Sandwiches

(2) Total No of Paneer Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 199/14 = 14.21 Sandwiches

(3) Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 238/14 = 17 Sandwiches

(4) Total No of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 210/14 = 15 Sandwiches

(5) Total No of Minutes per Potato Sandwich per day = 112.35/14 = 8.02 Minutes

(6) Total No of Minutes per Paneer Sandwich per day= 112.35/14 = 8.02 Minutes

(7) Total No of Minutes per Chicken Sandwich per day = 110/14 = 7.85 minutes

(8) Total No of Minutes per Chicken Tikka Sandwich per day= 110/14 = 7.85 minutes

(9) Average time to make a Veg Sandwich = 112.35 + 112.35/14 = 16.05 Minutes

(10) Average time to make a Non Veg Sandwich =110 + 110/14 = 15.71 Minutes








Cost of Wheat Bread – 40







Cost of Paneer – 5 kg / Sprint = 1500 Rupees/ Sprint


Cost of Chicken Tikka – 3kg/Sprint = 600 Rupees/ Sprint


Cost of Electricity


Cost of Printing






Paneer Sandwich – 50 rupees

Chicken Tikka Sandwich – 75 Rupees

EARNINGS AT END OF 3rd SPRINTTotal No of Potato Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 16 * 14 = 224

Total No of Paneer Sandwiches made in First Sprint= 14 * 14 = 196

Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 17 * 14 = 238

Total No of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 15 * 14 = 210

So Money Earned from Potato Sandwich in first Sprint is 224 * 48 = 10752

So Money Earned from Paneer Sandwich in first Sprint is 196 * 50 = 9800



So Total Earnings after Sprint 3 has been = 52486 Rupees

Graphical Representation

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

0

5

10

15

20

25Total number of Potato Sandwiches soldTotal number of Paneer Sandwiches soldTotal number of Regular Chicken Sandwiches soldTotal number of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches soldTime taken to make Potato Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Paneer Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Tikka Sandwich (Minutes)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Potato)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Paneer)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Chicken)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Chicken Tikka)

Figure 3


New Sauce (Mustard)

Turn Around Time


As a User I want the Turnaround time for Sandwich Delivery to be quicker so that I have to spend less time in the line – 3 points

(1) Have a proper process in place so that order flows smoothly and the customer can get their sandwich as soon as possible


(1) Introduce a New sauce like Mustard for the Sandwiches which provides one more option to the Customer








REFINING PRODUCT BACKLOG (For Sprint 5)Food Delivery

User Stories Estimation (For Sprint 5)As a User I want to have a Food Delivery Option so that I do not have to leave my office during the working hours – 5 points



(3) Presented with option of Mustard as a Sauce

(4) Introduce Delivery Option like Zomato to the Customer








(2) Since new options were going to be introduced from this sprint all hands would be needed to work on Sandwiches

Things going fine;


(2) The process has finally smoothened leading to less Customer complaints


(1) Sandwiches not being prepared fast as per Customer Description

Resolution – (1) Ask Team member to adhere to the process of Making and Delivering the sandwich thus reducing Turnaround time for customer

(2) Credit card Machine not working


DAY 2, DAY 8 –

(1) Paneer not prepared

Resolution – Make sure the Team member cut the Paneer block and keep it ready ahead of Time



DAY2, DAY 13 –





DAY 4, DAY 10, DAY 13, DAY 14 –

(1) Running out of Wheat Bread

Resolution –

(1) Offer the customer the Option of White bread

(2) If a store is nearby run out and get the Wheat Bread


DAY 5, DAY 11, DAY 14 –



DAY 6 –

(1) Not enough Potatoes present to make sandwich

Resolution –

(1) Offer the customer the Option of Paneer Sandwich


DAY 7 –



DAY 1, DAY 3, DAY 10 –

(1) Cashier not informing about introduction of new choices being offered from that week resulting in customers leaving without ordering food

Resolution – Cashier informs customer upfront on the new Items being introduced leaving on Customer to make a decision

METRICS COLLECTED FOR 4th SPRINT (Day Wise)

Days

Total number of

Potato Sandwiches

sold

Total number of

Paneer Sandwiches

sold

Total number of Regular

Chicken Sandwiches

sold

Total number of

Chicken Tikka

Sandwiches sold

Time taken to make Potato

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to make Paneer

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to

make Chicken

Sandwich (Minutes)

Time taken to

make Chicken

Tikka Sandwich (Minutes)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line (Potato)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line (Paneer)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line

(Chicken)

Time that Customer

had to wait in the line (Chicken

Tikka)

Day 1 15 15 18 18 8 8 8 8 9.5 9.5 9 9Day 2 15 17 18 20 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 9.3 9.3 9 9Day 3 16 19 18 21 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 9.3 9.3 8.9 8.9Day 4 17 20 16 23 7.75 7.75 7.65 7.65 8.75 8.75 8.7 8.7Day 5 18 17 19 24 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5Day 6 19 19 21 25 7.25 7.25 7.4 7.4 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.4Day 7 20 20 22 25 7.25 7.25 7.2 7.2 8.25 8.25 8.4 8.4Day 8 20 21 25 27 7 7 7.3 7.3 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.3Day 9 20 22 27 27 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.2Day 10 21 24 30 29 6.5 6.5 6.95 6.95 8 8 8 8Day 11 22 25 32 31 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.7 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.8Day 12 24 26 33 33 6.35 6.35 6.4 6.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5Day 13 23 27 35 35 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2Day 14 25 28 36 37 5.9 5.9 5.95 5.95 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9

Total 275 300 350 375 98.3 98.3 99.75 99.75 115.9 115.9 114.8 114.8

Table 4

Takeaways from 4th Sprint

(1) Total No of Potato Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 275/14 = 19.64 Sandwiches

(2) Total No of Paneer Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 300/14 = 21.42 Sandwiches

(3) Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 350/14 = 25 Sandwiches

(4) Total No of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches made in Sprint 3 per day = 375/14 = 26.78 Sandwiches

(5) Total No of Minutes per Potato Sandwich per day = 98.3/14 = 7.02 Minutes

(6) Total No of Minutes per Paneer Sandwich per day= 98.3/14 = 7.02 Minutes

(7) Total No of Minutes per Chicken Sandwich per day = 99.75/14 = 7.12 minutes

(8) Total No of Minutes per Chicken Tikka Sandwich per day= 99.75/14 = 7.12 minutes

(9) Average time to make a Veg Sandwich = 98.3 + 98.3/14 = 14.04 Minutes

(10) Average time to make a Non Veg Sandwich =99.75 + 99.75/14 = 14.25 Minutes

(11) Average wait for Veg Sandwich Customers =115.9/14 = 8.27 minutes

(12) Average wait for Non Veg Sandwich Customers =114.8/14 = 8.2 Minutes






Cost of Wheat Bread – 40







Cost of Paneer – 6 kg / Sprint = 1800 Rupees/ Sprint


Cost of Chicken Tikka – 6kg/Sprint = 1200 Rupees/ Sprint


Cost of Electricity


Cost of Printing






Paneer Sandwich – 55 rupees

Chicken Tikka Sandwich – 75 Rupees

EARNINGS AT END OF 4th SPRINTTotal No of Potato Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 19.64 * 14 = 274.96

Total No of Paneer Sandwiches made in First Sprint= 21.42 * 14 = 299.88

Total No of Chicken Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 25 * 14 = 350

Total No of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches made in First Sprint = 26.78 * 14 = 374.92

So Money Earned from Potato Sandwich in first Sprint is 274.96 * 50 = 13748

So Money Earned from Paneer Sandwich in first Sprint is 299.88 * 55 = 16493.40


So Money Earned from Chicken Sandwich in first Sprint is 374.92 * 75 = 28119

So Total Earnings after Sprint 4 has been = 82860.4 RupeesGraphical Representation

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Total number of Potato Sandwiches soldTotal number of Paneer Sandwiches soldTotal number of Regular Chicken Sandwiches soldTotal number of Chicken Tikka Sandwiches soldTime taken to make Potato Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Paneer Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Sandwich (Minutes)Time taken to make Chicken Tikka Sandwich (Minutes)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Potato)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Paneer)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Chicken)Time that Customer had to wait in the line (Chicken Tikka)

Figure 4

Total Investment and Returns for 4 Sprints

Investments - 4 Sprints Spanned across 2 Months

First month

Total Expenses

63500 (Initial Investment) + 7960 (First Sprint) + 8300 (second Sprint) = Rs 79760

Second Month

Total Expenses

56000 (Stall Rent + Worker Compensation) + 13120 (Third Sprint) + 19990 (Fourth Sprint) = Rs 89110

Total Expenditure in 2 Months (4 Sprints)

79760 + 89110 = Rs 165870

Total Investment after 2 Months (4 Sprints) is 165870

Returns - 4 Sprints Spanned across 2 Months

Sprint 1 – Rs 18145

Sprint 2 – Rs 31700.08

Sprint 3 – Rs 52486

Sprint 4 – Rs 82860.40

Total Returns after 2 Months (4 Sprints) is 185191

Profits

Total profits after 2 Months (4 Sprints) is 19321

Sprint 0 Sprint 1 Sprint 2 Sprint 3 Sprint 40

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

InvestmentsReturns

Investment Vs Returns

Figure 5

ConclusionFrom the above findings it can be safely concluded that Agile Methodology can play a very important role in the Food Industry. The approach of Scrumban is most suitable as one can place Work in Progress (WIP) limit and not rush out too many items in market which will confuse the Customer and will not be profitable to the Business. Following an iterative and Incremental approach and introducing new items to Customers gradually would work in favour of the Business. As one can look from an Investment perspective too in the above case study on can be in profit in very short amount of Time. Also by following all the Ceremonies related to Agile one can quickly resolve all the issues and be Just in Time for any new products.

51 story points were addressed over a period of 4 sprints leading to a profit of Rs 19321

I would like to conclude by saying “Agile is Hardwork but it does work”

Appendix AFeed Back Form Sample

Questions to be filled

(1) Name of the Customer:

(2) What is their opinion on Vegetarian Sandwich? (Please Circle a Choice)

Very Good Good Average Bad

Suggestion:-

(3) What is his/her opinion on Non - Vegetarian Sandwich? (Please Circle a Choice)


Suggestion:-

(4) What option would thy like to see in future? (Please Circle a Choice)

New Offering New Bread New Sauce Delivery Mode of Payment

(5) How much time did they have to stand in line? (Please Circle a Choice)

7 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes

(6) How soon were their grievances addressed if any? (Please Circle a Choice)

5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes

(7) From a Hygiene perspective how would they rate the stall? (Please Circle a Choice)


Suggestion:-

Any other Suggestions:

Appendix B - Data Sheet

Author Biography• Deepak Bhatt is a Independent Agile Business Consultant. Masters in

Telecommunications from Widener University, USA. He has been working in Agile Methodology for past 6 Years. He has successfully mentored projects as a Scrum Master and Agile Coach. Overall he has 14 years of experience working in Field of IT. His experience ranges across various domains like Insurance, Banking, Healthcare and Lottery

• Certifications:

• SPC4.0 Certified

• Certified Scrum Master (CSM)

• LKP (Lean Kanban Professional)

• SAFe Agilist (SA)

• SASM Trainer Certified

• Prince 2 Practioner

• Six Sigma Black Belt

• ITIL Foundation

• ISTQB Foundation

• AHM 250

• Oracle Health Care Specialist

THANK YOU!

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