8th Grade Physical Science Unit 1: Energy Review (1/7/2016) [5194]

Student

Class

Date

1. When one end of a short metal bar is heated, the opposite end will eventually become hot.  Which of the following processes transfers the heat through the bar?

 

 A. condensat

ion

 

 B. conducti

on

 

 C. convecti

on

 

 D. radiati

on

 

   

2. A log was burned in a fireplace. Which statement is true about the leftover ashes when they are compared to the original unburned log?

 

 

A. The ashes have more mechanical energy than the unburned log.

 

 

B. The ashes occupy the same amount of space as the unburned log.

 

 C. The ashes have less chemical

energy than the unburned log.

 

 

D. The ashes have the same molecular structure as the unburned log.

 

   

3. An incomplete energy transformation diagram is shown below.

Wind turns a turbine and creates electricity.  Which types of energy complete this energy transformation diagram for the turbine?

 

 A. X: solar energy  Y: mechanical

energy

 

 B. X: mechanical energy  Y:

nuclear energy

 

 C. X: chemical energy  Y: solar

energy

 

 D. X: nuclear energy  Y: chemical

energy

 

8th Grade Physical Science Unit 1: Energy Test (1/7/2016) Page 1/14

   

4. An insulated bottle keeps a cold liquid in the bottle cold by

 

 A. destroying any heat that enters

the bottle

 

 B. keeping cold energy within

the bottle

 

 C. trapping dissolved air in

the liquid

 

 D. slowing the transfer of heat into

the bottle

 

   

5. A local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool.  After construction, the center will be responsible for all costs associated with pool operation.  As a result, the center must consider a variety of design options, including pool size, location and heating.

Where should hot water enter the pool to better heat the water?

 

  A. A

 

 B. B

 

 C. C

 

 D. D

 

   

6. Which of these is an example of chemical energy being converted into thermal energy?

 

 A. water

boiling

 

 B. butter

melting

 

 C. candles

burning

 

 D. steam

condensing

 

   

7. The diagram shown represents a closed energy system.  The system contains equal masses of air, copper, granite, and water in a perfectly insulated container.  The temperatures were taken at the time the materials were placed in the closed system.

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How will the temperatures of the materials change over an extended period of time?

 

 A. The temperature of each

material will decrease.

 

 B. The temperature of each

material will remain constant.

 

 

C. Warmer materials will get warmer and cooler materials will get cooler.

 

 D. All of the materials will reach

the same temperature.

 

   

8. Four containers of water with different temperatures are placed on a table as shown below.  The temperature of the room is 25°C.

After four hours, which beaker of water will have exchanged the most heat energy with the environment?

 

 A. W

 

 B. X

 

 C. Y

 

 D. Z

 

   

9. A cup of water at 40°C and a cup of water at 5°C are left on a table. Which graph correctly shows the temperature of the two cups of water as time passes?

 

 

A.

 

 

B.

 

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C.

 

 

D.

 

   

10.

A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled.  Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?

 

 A. The hot stove absorbed cold

from the pot.

 

 B. The cold water absorbed heat

from the pot.

 

 C. The hot stove gave off heat to

the surrounding air.

 

 D. The cold water gave off cold to

the surrounding air.

 

   

11 Four different-colored blocks are

. placed outside in bright sunlight. The blocks are identical except for color.  The diagram below shows the amount of light reflected from each block.

Which block will increase in temperature most rapidly?

 

 A. block

1

 

 B. block

2

 

 C. block

3

 

 D. block

4

 

   

12.

When a steel block at 100°C is placed on top of a copper block at 20°C, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase.  Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

 

 A. the work done by the

molecules within the copper

 

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 B. the work done by the

interaction of the two metals

 

 C. heat flowing by means of

conduction

 

 D. heat flowing by means of

radiation

 

   

13.

The sequence of energy changes shown in the diagram explains which event?

 

 A. A flashlight is

on.

 

 B. A candle

burns.

 

 C. Gasoline burns to power

a car.

 

 D. Electric current runs a

refrigerator.

 

   

14.

Which of the following statements

best describes the energy transformation that occurs when a log burns?

 

 A. Mechanical energy changes to

chemical energy.

 

 B. Chemical energy changes to

heat and light energy.

 

 C. Heat and light energy changes

to chemical energy.

 

 D. Mechanical energy changes to

heat and ligth energy.

 

   

15.

To interpret sound in the environment, the human ear must first convert mechanical energy to —

 

 A. heat

energy

 

 B. electrochemical

energy

 

 C. nuclear

energy

 

  D. hydroelectric energy

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16.

A flowing stream contains water at 18°C.  Cans of soft drinks at 28°C are lowered into the stream.  Which of the following will most likely occur?

 

 

A. The soft drink cans will absorb cold energy from the stream's water.

 

 

B. The cans will cool until their temperature is the same as the stream's.

 

 

C. The temperature of the soft drinks will not change since the cans are sealed.

 

 

D. The temperature of the cans will decrease to freezing as long as the stream is flowing.

 

   

17.

The surface of a heated metal object measures 120°C.  It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10°C.  Which of the following is most likely to occur?

 

 

A. Both the water and metal will adjust to the same temperature below 10°C.

 

 

B. The water and metal will adjust to different temperatures above 120°C.

 

 

C. The water will remain the same temperature, but the metal will cool to 10°C.

 

 

D. The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10°C and 120°C.

 

   

18.

Which of the following is designed to convert energy into mechanical work?

 

 A. Electric

fan

 

 B. Kerosene

heater

 

 C. Flashlig

ht

 

 D. Baking

oven

 

   

19.

Which of the following is the main reason water at the surface of the ocean is warmer than water at the bottom of the ocean?

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A. Water at the bottom of the ocean contains more dissolved solids.

 

 

B. Water at the surface of the ocean absorbs more energy from the Sun.

 

 

C. Friction is created by fast moving currents at the surface of the ocean.

 

 

D. Wave action transfers heat from the bottom of the ocean to the surface.

 

   

20.

A student in a laboratory transfers a beaker containing a hot solution from the lab table to a cool water bath.  Which of the following parts of the system experiences an increase in heat energy?

 

 A. beak

er

 

 B. lab

table

 

 C. soluti

on

 

 D. water

bath

 

   

21.

Which of the following represents the input/output energy forms for a stereo system?

 

 

A. Input: Motion

Output: Sound only

 

 

B. Input: Motion

Output: Sound and heat only

 

 

C. Input: Electricity

Output: Motion and sound only

 

 

D. Input: Electricity

Output: Motion, sound, and heat

 

   

22.

The illustration below represents an experiment in which a hot object is added to a container of water at room temperature.

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The water is continuously stirred while the hot object is immersed in it.  Which of the following graphs best shows the temperature changes that follow?

 

 

A.

 

 

B.

 

 

C.

 

 

D.

 

   

23.

A teacher put one test tube of 50°C liquid and one test tube of 10°C liquid into a 20°C water bath, as shown in the diagram below.

Which of the following diagrams best represents the directions that heat will mvoe when the test tubes are placed into the water bath?

 

 

A.

 

 

B.

 

 

C.

 

8th Grade Physical Science Unit 1: Energy Test (1/7/2016) Page 8/14

 

D.

 

   

24.

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?

 

 

A. a whole metal spoon getting hot when one end is in hot soup

 

 B. the inside of a car in the sun

getting very hot

 

 C. a tar road getting hotter in the

sun than a concrete sidewalk

 

 D. a fireplace fire heating a room

on a cold day

 

   

25.

The transfer of heat that occurs from the movement of liquids or gases of different densities causes convection currents.  Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection?

 

  A. A hot wood stove heats an

entire room

 

 B. The handle of a pot that is

being heated becomes warm.

 

 C. A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea

becomes warm.

 

 D. The coils of a toaster

becomne red.

 

   

26.

Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy.Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?

 

 A. fa

n

 

 B. lam

p

 

 C. radi

o

 

 D. stov

e

 

   

27 An incandescent light bulb is shown

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. below.

A typical incandescent light bulb has an energy efficiency of about ten percent.  What is the meaning of this statement?

 A. Ten percent of the bulb's light

energy becomes heat energy.

 B. Ten percent of the energy used

by the bulb becomes light energy.

 C. The bulb uses ten percent less

electrical energy than other bulbs.

 D. The bulb will save ten percent

on electrical energy costs per year.

   

28.

When a light bulb is turned on, energy changes from one form to another.  Which of the following best describes this change?

 A. sound energy to light

energy

 

 B. nuclear energy to light

energy

 C. electrical energy to light

energy

 D. magnetic energy to light

energy

   

29.

When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?

 A. heat

energy

 B. light

energy

 C. mechanical

energy

 D. sound

energy

   

30.

Household appliances convert electricity into one or more different forms of energy.  An electric fan can best be described as converting electricity into

 A. heat energy

only

 B. heat energy and sound

energy only

 C. heat energy, sound energy and

mechanical energy only

 D. heat energy, sound energy,

mechanical energy, and chemical energy

 

31 Which of the following statements

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. best explains how heat flows by conduction?

 A. A large mass of air begins to

move faster.

 B. Energy is transferred by

electromagnetic waves.

 C. Energy is transferred from

molecule to molecule.

 D. A large mass of warm air rises,

replacing the cooler air above.

 

32.

A chemist multiplies the temperature of a chemical reaction by the entropy change. The chemist subtracts this quantity from the enthalpy change of the reaction. Which of the following quantities has the chemist calculated?

 A. The energy that is unavailable

for useful work

 B. The amount of heat energy

added to the reaction

 C. The maximum amount of work

that can be extracted from this reaction

 D. The heats of formation of the

products minus the heats of formation of the reactants

   

33.

A student rapidly rubs the palms of both hands together.  Which sequence correctly describes the

energy transformations that occur?

  A.

  B.

  C.

  D.

   

34.

A container of cold water is dumped into a larger container of hot water.  It is mixed and then left alone for a long time interval.  The water temperature is found to 

 A. randomly vary from region to

region in the container.

 B. be uniform throughout the

container.

 C. fluctuate at all positions in the

container. 

 D. be greater at the bottom of the

container.

   

35.

Which of the following energy sources converts the potential energy of stored water into kinetic energy? 

 A. biofuel

s 

 B. solar

energy 

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 C. geothermal

power 

 D. hydroelectric

ity 

   

36.

What energy resource can be gained directly from a river?

 

 A. bioga

s 

 B. fossil

fuel 

 C. hydroelect

ric 

 D. geother

mal 

   

37.

The nuclear process in which a uranium nucleus is split into two or more fragments is —

 A. fusio

n 

 B. fissio

n 

 C. combusti

on 

 D. transmutat

ion 

   

38 The production of larger atomic

. nuclei built up from smaller atomic nuclei is called —

 A. fissio

n 

 B. fusio

n 

 C. compositi

on 

 D. reducti

on 

   

39.

What is the process by which the energy in the sun is produced? 

 A. Thermal

fission 

 B. Nuclear

fission

 C. Nuclear

fusion

 D. Radioactive

decay

   

40.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about nuclear fission?

 A. It is used to generate

electricity for commercial use.

 B. It is responsible for most of the

energy produced by the sun. 

  C. It produces waste materials

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that can be highly radioactive. 

 D. It is the splitting of an atomic

nucleus into two or more fragments.

   

41.

Which of the following statements regarding nuclear fusion is NOT true?

 A. It results in the conversion of

mass to energy.

 B. It requires extremely high

temperatures to occur. 

 C. It produces neutrons capable

of sustaining a chain reaction of fusion reactions. 

 

D. It occurs when several small nuclei of small mass combine to form a single nucleus of larger mass.

   

42.

The process by which several nuclei with small masses are combined to form a single nucleus with a larger mass is known as nuclear —

 A. fusio

n 

 B. fissio

n 

 C. mass

defect

  D. binding

energy

   

43.

Which of the following statements about nuclear power plants is true?

 A. They convert heat energy

into steam. 

 B. They do not produce

dangerous byproducts. 

 C. They release greenhouse

gases. 

 D. They require energy from

the sun. 

   

44.

The advent of gasoline-powered car engines was not possible without knowledge of which of the following scientific concepts? 

 A. Nucleati

on 

 B. Combusti

on 

 C. Metal

corrosion 

 D. Gravitational

fields

   

45.

The Silicon Valley refers to an area in California located near Stanford University, a school known for its many achievements in scientific research. The area became known as the Silicon Valley because of the

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region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers. The formation of the Silicon Valley near Stanford University was not an accident, rather it was an example of —  

 A. technology leading to

economic decline

 B. science leading to

technological advances  

 C. science leading to more

scientific advancement  

 D. technology leading to more

technological advancement

   

46.

The United States designed and built bombs during World War II with the belief that Germany was also building atomic bombs. What was the name of this project? 

 A. The Fat Man

Project

 B. The Manhattan

Project

 C. The Oppenheimer

Project

 D. The Trinity

Project

   

47.

In 1939, Leo Szilard performed experiments that proved that uranium fission, triggered by bombardment with neutrons, released more neutrons than were

absorbed. Why did Szilard attempt to keep this discovery secret?

 A. He feared his discovery would

be used to create nuclear weapons.

 B. He hoped to protect his fellow

scientists from radiation poisoning.

 C. He thought he would anger his

religious friends if he claimed to have created new elements.

 

D. He thought scientists would not accept his results because they had not yet accepted the existence of neutrons.

 

   

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