Web Resource Web Resource DevelopmentDevelopment

ByBy

Michael R. LeachMichael R. LeachHarvard UniversityHarvard University

mrleach@fas.harvard.edumrleach@fas.harvard.edu

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Our Agenda TodayOur Agenda Today

IntroductionIntroduction Development through acquisitionDevelopment through acquisition Development through creationDevelopment through creation SummarySummary

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IntroductionIntroduction

Developing the modern digital library Developing the modern digital library means:means:• Continued addition of new e-resourcesContinued addition of new e-resources

Primary literaturePrimary literature Gray literatureGray literature Non-traditional formatsNon-traditional formats

• Images, Geospatial data, numerical data, etc.Images, Geospatial data, numerical data, etc. Indexes/abstracts/citation research tools Indexes/abstracts/citation research tools

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E-Collection DevelopmentE-Collection Development

Access not ownershipAccess not ownership• Shift from print worldShift from print world

Issues of Access after cancellationIssues of Access after cancellation Permanence of accessPermanence of access

• Changing vendors, changing productsChanging vendors, changing products Dual formats or just e-formatDual formats or just e-format

• Some no choiceSome no choice E.g. E-only serials/journalsE.g. E-only serials/journals

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LicensingLicensing

Whole new skill sets for librariansWhole new skill sets for librarians Librarian as LawyerLibrarian as Lawyer

• New dual degree positionsNew dual degree positions• Digital rights managementDigital rights management• Contractual agreementsContractual agreements

Need for more aggressive approachNeed for more aggressive approach• Traditional librarians tend to be too Traditional librarians tend to be too

conservative & submissiveconservative & submissive

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LicensingLicensing

New layers of collaborationNew layers of collaboration• ConsortiaConsortia• Across units within an institutionAcross units within an institution• State, regional, country agreementsState, regional, country agreements

Tiered pricing/useTiered pricing/use• Adopted by more publishersAdopted by more publishers

Considered by many more “Fair”Considered by many more “Fair” Yet increases costs considerablyYet increases costs considerably

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LicensingLicensing

Issues with Open AccessIssues with Open Access• ““Membership fees” =? Subscription feesMembership fees” =? Subscription fees• Penalized for successPenalized for success

BioMed Central’s new modelBioMed Central’s new model

Will there be costs beyond basic Will there be costs beyond basic content?content?• Enhanced metadataEnhanced metadata• Search services & new toolsSearch services & new tools

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PermanencePermanence

Who owns what for which period of Who owns what for which period of time?time?

Who has access to what for what Who has access to what for what period of time?period of time?

Duplication/mirroring of serversDuplication/mirroring of servers• Support for L/IS community hereSupport for L/IS community here

““Dark archives” potential new Dark archives” potential new solutionsolution

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BackfilesBackfiles

User have increased needUser have increased need• New expectationsNew expectations• Used to desk top delivery model nowUsed to desk top delivery model now

Is this “Re-Purchasing” of content Is this “Re-Purchasing” of content already owned?already owned?• Two opinions: Yes & NoTwo opinions: Yes & No• I’m on the “no” sideI’m on the “no” side• Costs in creating new format are Costs in creating new format are

expensiveexpensive

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BackfilesBackfiles

Bulk packagesBulk packages• Eliminate selective collection Eliminate selective collection

developmentdevelopment• ExpensiveExpensive• Overlap among packagesOverlap among packages• Another “Elsevier” trapAnother “Elsevier” trap

Paying more than what we shouldPaying more than what we should

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BackfilesBackfiles

Questions of qualityQuestions of quality• Resolution of filesResolution of files• PDFs vs. TIFFS vs. otherPDFs vs. TIFFS vs. other

What happens when new technologies What happens when new technologies arrivearrive• Will we have to pay again for a newer, better Will we have to pay again for a newer, better

format (super PDF)?format (super PDF)? Do we have rights to manipulate the Do we have rights to manipulate the

current e-formats?current e-formats?• E.g. Migration of select contentE.g. Migration of select content

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E-Resource VendorsE-Resource Vendors

Not just one publisher per productNot just one publisher per product• Multiple vendor/3Multiple vendor/3rdrd party choices party choices

Can be good…Can be good…• Different interfaces, pricing, etc.Different interfaces, pricing, etc.

Can be bad…Can be bad…• Evaluation costs, Evaluation costs, • variety of interfaces that users must learn, variety of interfaces that users must learn, • cross-platform, cross-resource linking (SFX)cross-platform, cross-resource linking (SFX)

What happens when vendor discontinues What happens when vendor discontinues product?product?

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EvaluationEvaluation

Digital collections require new methods of Digital collections require new methods of evaluationevaluation• Log analysisLog analysis• COUNTER statisticsCOUNTER statistics• Interface analysisInterface analysis• Pricing analysis for more than just the contentPricing analysis for more than just the content

Interface, support services, reporting, etc.Interface, support services, reporting, etc.

Some question needSome question need• Users are more sophisticated, Users are more sophisticated, • Users can adapt quicker to different interfacesUsers can adapt quicker to different interfaces

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Digital Content CreationDigital Content Creation

Libraries as publishersLibraries as publishers• New content (from “scratch”)New content (from “scratch”)• New formats from older contentNew formats from older content• Aggregator (e.g. institutional repository)Aggregator (e.g. institutional repository)

Libraries as document management Libraries as document management centerscenters• Printing & scanning capabilitiesPrinting & scanning capabilities• Networking and application supportNetworking and application support

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New E-ContentNew E-Content

Electronic ReservesElectronic Reserves Visual CollectionsVisual Collections Institutional RepositoriesInstitutional Repositories

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Electronic ReservesElectronic Reserves

Popular teaching servicePopular teaching service Multiple, simultaneous access to Multiple, simultaneous access to

limited, print resourceslimited, print resources Digital rights managementDigital rights management

• Copyright Clearance CenterCopyright Clearance Center• Work directly with publishersWork directly with publishers• Default policyDefault policy

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Electronic ReservesElectronic Reserves

Management of request flowManagement of request flow• All electronic where possibleAll electronic where possible

From Faculty/teacher request to copyright From Faculty/teacher request to copyright clearanceclearance

• Efficiencies in the document scanningEfficiencies in the document scanning Image content plus metadata for searchingImage content plus metadata for searching

• Intense periods of work…Intense periods of work… Beginning of semestersBeginning of semesters

• Followed by “down time”Followed by “down time”

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Visual CollectionsVisual Collections

Just one example of unique and/or Just one example of unique and/or cultural/regional contentcultural/regional content

Photographs not traditionally Photographs not traditionally catalogued in libraries, but collected catalogued in libraries, but collected neverthelessnevertheless

Networks & software provide new Networks & software provide new medium for working with visual medium for working with visual collectionscollections

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Visual CollectionsVisual Collections

New types of OPAC interfacesNew types of OPAC interfaces Thumb nail vs. full, printable filesThumb nail vs. full, printable files Metadata issuesMetadata issues

• Classification of images based on Classification of images based on current & potential usescurrent & potential uses

• Complicated by competing standardsComplicated by competing standards Higher end servers & databasesHigher end servers & databases

• Large file sizesLarge file sizes

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Institutional RepositoriesInstitutional Repositories

Intellectual “capital”Intellectual “capital”• Copies of capital available elsewhereCopies of capital available elsewhere

Such as in serials, monographsSuch as in serials, monographs New forms of capital: e.g. datasetsNew forms of capital: e.g. datasets

Means of marketing/publicityMeans of marketing/publicity• Selling point for central administrationSelling point for central administration

As opposed to subject repositories, which As opposed to subject repositories, which are more valuable to researchersare more valuable to researchers

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IR ContentIR Content

Preprints, postprints (article level)Preprints, postprints (article level) ThesesTheses Serials Serials

• Library as publisher againLibrary as publisher again DatasetsDatasets Learning ObjectsLearning Objects Audio/Visual FilesAudio/Visual Files

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IR Fiscal IssuesIR Fiscal Issues

Cheap, but not freeCheap, but not free Server/IT supportServer/IT support Content development supportContent development support

• Pushed to userPushed to user• Supported “in house” (library)Supported “in house” (library)

Interface design costsInterface design costs Training costsTraining costs Publicity/Marketing CostsPublicity/Marketing Costs

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IR SupportIR Support

New skills for librariansNew skills for librarians• Content managementContent management• MetadataMetadata• ScanningScanning• Format managementFormat management• Public services supportPublic services support

Help files, tutorials, etc.Help files, tutorials, etc.

• Systems administrationSystems administration• Programming Programming

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IR PreservationIR Preservation

Not provenNot proven Not sure what should be coveredNot sure what should be covered

• Ephemeral vs. permanent collectionsEphemeral vs. permanent collections LOCKSS-like modelsLOCKSS-like models

• (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe)(Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe)• Collaboration requiredCollaboration required

Preserve just bits, or rendering Preserve just bits, or rendering software toosoftware too

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IR Content OrganizationIR Content Organization

Does it reflect institute?Does it reflect institute? Does it reflect subject?Does it reflect subject? How deep do structures goHow deep do structures go

• Down to research group levelDown to research group level• Down to individual levelDown to individual level

What about changes in organization What about changes in organization over timeover time

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Other IR IssuesOther IR Issues

Indexing Indexing • Full text, keyword, descriptor, …Full text, keyword, descriptor, …

Non-research usesNon-research uses• Undergraduate e-portfoliosUndergraduate e-portfolios• Alumni usesAlumni uses

Linking of materials with other Linking of materials with other institutesinstitutes• Virtual subject communitiesVirtual subject communities

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Other IR IssuesOther IR Issues

Collaboration with publishersCollaboration with publishers• Automatic deposit of articlesAutomatic deposit of articles• VersioningVersioning• Authoring toolsAuthoring tools• Document captureDocument capture• Metadata enhancementMetadata enhancement• Virtual journals (layered)Virtual journals (layered)

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SummarySummary

Traditional collection development Traditional collection development adopted for the e-ageadopted for the e-age

New models of publishing and New models of publishing and content creation for librariescontent creation for libraries

New forms of collaboration and New forms of collaboration and cooperationcooperation

New skill sets requiredNew skill sets required

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Thank you.Thank you.

Michael LeachMichael Leach

mrleach@fas.harvard.edumrleach@fas.harvard.edu

Comments, questions, etc.Comments, questions, etc.

Welcomed.Welcomed.