Web of Things Platforms Tutorial
description
Transcript of Web of Things Platforms Tutorial
@EVRYTHNG | @webofthings © Evrythng Limited | 2014
Dom Guinard CTO & Co-founder
Web of Things History & Platforms Compose & EVRYTHNG
© EVRYTHNG Limited | 2014
@EVRYTHNG | @webofthings
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Today’s Suggestion of the Chef
1. From the IoT to the Web of Things
2. The WoT Architecture 3. WoT Implementation:
EVRYTHNG 4. WoT Research:
COMPOSE 5. Q&A
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SOME IOT & WOT HISTORY
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Me in a Nutshell
§ 2005 – Sun Microsystems • Indoor location services based on RFID (EPCGlobal standards)
§ 2007 – Auto-ID Labs Zurich • Mobile IoT Project with Nokia, RFID & WSN • Founded Webofthings.org
§ 2007 – SAP Research • IoT taskforce, working on SOA for the IoT
§ 2008 – PhD at ETH Zurich • Web of Things Architecture
§ 2010 – Auto-ID Labs, MIT • Web of Things and RFID + Sensor Networks
§ Now – Co-founder/CTO @ EVRYTHNG
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The Internet of Things Era
My IoT Journey started
EPC, OPC-UA, DPWS,
WS-*
Started talking Web
of Things
Google Buys Nest
EVRYTHNG
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Back in 1999: the original Auto-ID IoT
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BUT THEN THINGS WENT WRONG...
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Wifi Hockey Light
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New connected interfaces
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Smart health for plants
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Smart Home
Valleywag’s Sam Biddle tweeted: “If your house is burning down, you’ll now get gmail ads for fire extinguishers.”
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New connected business models
Real-time risk-adjusted, pay-as-you-go insurance.
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Smart things for simpler, more social lives
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You won’t need to hunt anxiously for your missing shoes in the morning, you’ll Google them.
“ ”
Source: Bruce Sterling, ‘Shaping Things’
Real objects part of the real-time web
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Source: Bruce Sterling, ‘Shaping Things’
Real objects part of the real-time web
Things that are persist & discoverable online, query-able, permission aware, relationship aware & actuate-able via the Web.
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Many, MANY things joined the party…
In 2020, Over 30 Billion Connected Devices Will
Be In Use Source: IBM Investor Briefing ‘Making Markets: Smarter Planet’
Source: Cisco
One trillion connected devices by 2015.
Source: Gartner
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WEB OF THINGS
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The IoT – not quite there yet
Smart buildings Smart fridges
Smart cities
Smart cars
Smart energy
Smart [insert buzzword here...]
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The Internet of Things Today
§ Distributed Sensing Applications § Tedious process that requires many resources (skills, time, $$
$) – Various functionalities, sensors, requirements – Incompatible protocols, standards, programming models, APIs, etc. – “Wheel reinvention” is common (hard-wired applications)
Web Gateway
low-power radioprotocols
(ZigBee, etc.)
base-stationconnected via
serial linestorage
analysis&
processingWeb page
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2007-2008: The Web as the Application Layer for the IoT
• Wait how about the Web? • It did help the Internet
to become useful in a simple manner
• “Putting Things to REST”, Erik Wilde
• “Towards the Web of Things”, Dave Raggett @ IoT 2008
• Webofthings.com opens, WoT Whitepaper, Vlad Trifa & Dom Guinard
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§ Leverage Web architecture, standards and techniques – HTTP, HTML, JSON, RSS, MIME, caching, authentication,
etc. – TCP/IP & Web granted, Wi-Fi routers ubiquitous
Web of Things: HTTP to bind them all!
WebHTTP
proprietary
Bluetooth
X10
IEEE802.15.4
DLNA
HTTP
HTTP
Google APIs
Flickr API
GatewayAPI
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Web of Things
Internet of Things
Web of Things vs. Internet of Things
How do we connect things to the Internet?
How do we connect applications & things?
Applications? § OSI Layer 7 + : -) § HTTP, REST,
JSON § Social nets,
semantics § Mashups
Networking? § OSI Layer 4 – § IPv6lowpan,
EPC, WiFi, BLE Zigbee / 800.15.04
“Uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure” § Auto-ID Labs (K.
Ashton, S. Sarma, F. Mattern) ~ 1999
“Application architecture for physical objects” § D. Guinard, V. Trifa,
E. Wilde, D. Raggett ~ 2007
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The Web for Things? Yeah thanks but, no thanks!
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2009: The WSN / Ubicomp Community starts thinking about it again
• Working with embedded devices requires a PhD in CS…
• Researchers start thinking about the Web seriously…
• “Our results show that Web service requests can be completed well below one second and with a low power consumption, even in a multi-hop setting.”, Dunkels et al. http://bit.ly/1tjxskD
• “Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices.”, Dominique Guinard, Vlad Trifa http://bit.ly/wot-paper
• More publications like the WoT architecture followed:http://www.webofthings.org/publications/
• Started the WoT Workshop series:
http://webofthings.org/wot
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KISS: Keep It Simple Stupid
• RESTful Web API: – 70% easy to
very easy to learn
– 63% fast to very fast to learn
– See: http://bit.ly/rest-vs-ws-iot
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The Web of Things
Social Web
Real-time Web
Programmable Web Semantic Web
Physical Web
Web of Things1
1 Web of Things community - http://webofthings.org
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Connecting Objects to the Web
Web of Things Platforms
Connected Devices Sensors Tagged Products
Data from and about a diversity of products can connect with applications in a consistent and persistent way.
RESTful APIs & Application Tools
Persistent URI & URLs
TheEVRYTHNGEngine
An Active Digital Identity™for every thing
Apps Space
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Simplifying Application Development in the Internet of Things
[flickr.com/photos/docman]
Web of Things Application Architecture
Bridging the gap between things and applications.
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Web of Things Application Architecture
http://webofthings.org/publications
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Device Accessibility Layer
§ How do we make smart things accessible on the Web? § Generic design process for smart things as Web resources:
– Based on REST and Resource Oriented Architectures – Extend with Pub/Sub
• E.g., MQTT, XMPP, CoAP
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Web-Enabling Smart Things
Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
• Based on REST and Resource Oriented Architecture.
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS
Content Negotiation, Status Codes
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• Identify Resources: – Any component of an
application that needs to be used and addressed.
• Link resources together
Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
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• Smart things should offer different representations: – HTML for browsability – JSON for mashups
Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
{ "resource": { "methods":["GET"], "name":"Temperature", "links":["/feed", "/rules"], "content": [ { "description":"Current Temperature", "name":"Current Ambient Temperature", "value":"24.0", "unit": "celsius“ } ] } }
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Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
§ Leverage content negotiation: – Accept: application/json
§ Use the HTTP Verbs extensively: – GET, PUT, POST, OPTIONS, DELETE – GET /genericNodes/2/sensors/temperature – PUT /genericNodes/2/actuators /led/1
§ Map status codes: – 200 OK, 201 Created, 400 Bad Request, etc.
§ The presented design process can be automated
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Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
Mediated (Smart Gateways)
• The API is served via mediator(s): – Mobile phone – Smart Gateways (e.g.,
CISCO iOX, Intel IoT Gateway, Open WRT)
– EVRYTHNG API
§ The API is served by the device itself: • IP connectivity • 6lowpan • CoAP • Ethernet + PoE • GSM • Etc.
• + Webserver
Direct access
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Resource Design
Representation Design
Interface Design
Implementation Strategy
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Findability Layer
• Once smart things are accessible on the Web, how do we enable users to find the right service for their application?
• Enabling Smart Things to be indexed by search engines (lightweight semantic metadata: microdata, schema.org, Swagger, JSON-LD)
• Local lookup and discovery infrastructure
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Swagger
“The goal of Swagger™ is to define a standard, language-agnostic interface to REST APIs which allows both humans and computers to discover and understand the capabilities of the service without access to source code, documentation, or through network traffic inspection.”
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Swagger Example
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Sharing Layer
• Once smart things are accessible and findable on the Web, how do we share them?
• Sharing implies security issues have to be addressed. • As much end to end as possible. • Novel approach “Social Web of Things”
15.08.2011 45 Dominique Guinard
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Social Access Controller (SAC)
§ Existing systems: – Require dedicated access
control lists (e.g., HTTP Digest or Basic Authentication, ACL… )
§ OR …Leverage social graphs of social networks: – Are walled-gardens [Ber2009]
– Allow sharing data, not services
§ Social Access Controller as proxy between clients and smart things
[Ber2009] Tim Berners-Lee. Twenty years: Looking forward, looking back. WWW 2009
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Social Access Controller (SAC)
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Sharing in Friends and Things
https://SOCIAL-ACCSES-CONTROLLER-URL/gateways/GATEWAYURL/ /resources/sunspots/spot1/sensors/temperature
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Composition Layer
• Once smart things are accessible, findable, shareable on the Web, how do we enable their easy composition by non-specialists, into new applications?
• Physical Mashups
15.08.2011 49 Dominique Guinard
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From Web 2.0 Mashups to Physical Mashups
§ Web 2.0 Mashups: – “Web applications
generated by combining […] disparate Web sources […] to create useful new services” [Yu2008]
– Ad-hoc applications accessible to a larger public
§ Physical Mashups: – Composite Web
applications involving smart things and virtual Web services
– Three development approaches [Yu2008] Yu, J., Benatallah, B., Casati, F., &
Daniel, F. Understanding Mashup Development. IEEE Internet Computing
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Energie Visible: An Energy-Aware Mashup
• Developers: – Smart Meters as a
RESTful Web API: – Mashup with any
language supporting HTTP
• Users: – Used by several
families around the world (Energie Visible)
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• Developers: – RFID Readers & Data in a
black-board approach – Wizard-based creation of
Widgets – Merging Web data and
real-world RFID data • Users:
– Simple Web page providing real-time business intelligence
– Deployed at the SAP future store
Widgets Dashboards
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Electronic Article Surveillance 3.0
15.08.2011 53 Dominique Guinard
[Naef2009] Naef, L. ClickScript a visual programming language in the browser. Master Thesis, ETH Zurich
[Gui2010d] Guinard, D., Floerkemeier, C., & Sarma, S. Cloud Computing, REST and Mashups to Simplify RFID Applications, WoT 2011
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Physical Mashups WoT-a-mashup
Condition if bought or not RFID reader
ERP EPCIS
Camera and websocket push
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Physical Mashups
nodered.org
github.com/webofthings/wot-a-mashup
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All together…
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Web of Things Follow up
§ Blog: www.webofthings.org § Software: www.webofthings.org/projects § Publications: www.webofthings.org/publications
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W3C Interest Group
§ http://www.w3.org/2014/09/wot-ig-charter.html
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A WOT IMPLEMENTATION:
EVRYTHNG API
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The Web of EVRYTHNG!
A RESTful API for objects - even “dumb” ones
Web
Maintenance
information
Tech
support
API
API
API
API
History of
ownership
VIP Forum
for owners
Native/Web
Mobile apps
Native/Web
Desktop apps
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Web of Things - Requirements
To be on the Web, products need: § A unique, permanent URL with a secure RESTful API § A container for storing historical data about it § A semantic format for machine-readable metadata § Services to manage millions of objects & their real-time
data – Supports “heavy” processing applications (analytics) – Connectors/entry points to 3rd party apps (ERP, etc.)
These combined form an Active Digital Identity (ADI). Every object needs an ADI to speak Web.
Tech infos: http://www.evrythng.com/technology/
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Terminology & Resources
EVRYTHNG Terminology : § Product = Product class (SKU)
§ THNG = Unique product instance (S#) – Metadata, Properties, Locations, …
§ App = Client application that talks to the engine and thngs/products
§ Action = A notification/event by a customer on a THNG or Product
§ User = Real or digital event by a customer on a THNG or Product
§ Short ID = crypto-secure URL for Thngs/Products (for QRs, NFC tags etc.)
§ Active Digital Identity™ = Object profile in the EVRYTHNG ENGINE (Product+THNG+ShortId+User+Actions, etc.)
Resources :
§ http://dev.evrythng.com - EVRYTHNG Engine developer documentation.
§ http://bit.ly/Vx8V8L - EVRYTHNG Web of Things Technology White Paper.
§ http://bit.ly/1gVXOPP - EVRYTHNG Product Relationship Management White Paper.
§ http://www.webofthings.org/ - EVRYTHNG’s research community, with Web of Things technical papers & conferences.
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Core Concept - Thngs
Metadata
Location
Properties
Actions
ID: 5332deeee4b046b86a72be5d
- Name- Description- Tags- Serial Number
THNG
Short URL: http://tn.gg/ABc3X53C
Physical Object
Receives & reacts to Events
Reads/updatesits data
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Core Concept - Products
THNG
PhysicalObjects
THNG
THNG
THNG
THNG
Metadata
Properties
Actions
ID: UUsAGSeNsepwQ2GhUqgC9mtc
- Name- Description- Tags- SKU # / EAN
Product
- Color- Size- Specifications- Images
Thngs
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Core Concept - Applications
THNG
PhysicalObjects
THNG
THNG
THNG
THNG
App 1API K AA
Apps
Engine
App 2API K BB
App 3API K CC
Web User Interface
Device debugger iOS
App
Device Management
App
Apps
Read/writethng data
Sendactions
Updateproperties
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Core Concept - Users
THNG
Objects
THNG
THNG
THNG
THNG
App - User Interface
UsersADIs
App - Debug App
App - Admin UI
Case 1Anonymous Users
Case 2Developerssignup/loginvia Facebook
Case 3Company Adminsaccess App data & stats
Apps
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Core Concept – Rules Engine
THNG
PhysicalObjects
THNG
THNG
THNG
THNG
RulesEngine
Rules
Engine
Web User Interface
Web Monitoring
App
Actions
Actions
Actions
Apps
Device debugger iOS
App
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Resource Model in a Nutshell
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Thng-push
Thng-push is a multi-protocol pub/sub for the EVRYTHNG engine: § Supports several pub/sub
protocols: – MQTT – CoAP – REST Webhooks – HTML5 Websockets
§ Ideal to overcome the mobility of thngs (changing IP addresses)
§ Enables more reactive use-cases (no-polling) for Smart devices
§ Uniform access control and API for all pub/subs
§ Covers the protocols of virtually all major embedded devices
§ Currently in Beta
• Based on a core of open-source technologies
• Enables end-to-end Web communication from Smart devices to browsers (e.g., MQTT -> Websockets)
Technology :
1010 0101 1010
MQTT
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
CoAP REST or or
THNG-push
1010 0101 1010
WebSocket
1010 0101 1010
REST
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EXAMPLE DEEP-DIVE
Wake up! We’ll be coding!
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Connected Devices Demo
§ Idea: Smart Street Lamp 1. Street lamps come with NFC tags & QR &
Embedded device (Flyport) 2. Scan lamp 3. Get real time information 4. Get actuation possibilities 5. Get additional services (reporting status) 6. Dashboard
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1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
MQTT WebSocket
THNG-push
ENGINE & Rules
EVRYTHNG Dashboard
Weather
FB Login Lamp ID Phone Streetlamp
Embedded Sensors
Lamp
1010 0101 1010
REST
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
CoAP REST or or
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
REST
1010 0101 1010
1010 0101 1010
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Open & Free for the Community
§ Free for academic and personal projects
§ Key features – REST APIs – Pub/sub
• MQTT, CoAP - WS – Lots of device SDKs (JS,
Arduino, OpenPicus, Nodered, etc.)
– Web SDKs • EVRYTHNG.js, Java, .Net,
PHP, etc. – Dashboard – Analytics – Low latency & scale
Register on evrythng.com
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THE RESEARCH: COMPOSE
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Collaborative Open Market to Place Objects at your Service
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Open and Scalable Marketplace infrastructure
Internet of Things
Internet of
Services
from Smart Objects
to Services
To Applications & Store
FROM the Internet of Things TO the Internet of Services…
Compose Project
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Ease the task of developers creating applications based on Internet-connected smart objects
PaaS and MarketPlace for IoT
Compose In Details
Easily: o register and absorb data from
smart objects o access historical and real-time
data o provide analytics services on
incoming data o send notifications based on
incoming data o control smart objects (PubSub) o discover and re-use existing
building blocks o combine existing building blocks o build new applications o deploy new applications
Cloud deployment – CloudFoundry
Do all the above in a secure manner
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COMPOSE Platform in a nutshell
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COMPOSE: Data Processing Pipelines
§ Provide simple data processing logic • JSON for definition • JavaScript for processing logic (no loops – finite
computation)
§ Design principles • Event-driven • Lock-free • Stream-oriented
COMPOSE Consortium 79
SO CSO Location
WO
Inside
GeoFence?
UserID
Discard
CSO
SO
Sunny
I want to be notified of users near my location
on a suny day!
Location
Inside GeoFence
and Sunny?
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COMPOSE: Data Processing Pipelines
COMPOSE Consor,um 80
{ "groups": { "group1": { "soIds": [ "1393322724658c4f69d27627f496bbb6fadf64bb65f4c", "13933230199264843a282ca8c471e962b4c61c53dadf5" ], "stream": "location" }, "group2": { "soIds": [ "139332303660140b55563e1b34751a9496ecffb0c64a5", "139332304556888d068cef3e645fd803bb4d2a60a15ea" ], "stream": "location" } }, … }
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COMPOSE: Data Processing Pipelines
"streams": { "proximity": {
"pre-filter": "{$group1.}!=null
&& {$group2.}!=null",
"channels": {
"proximity": {
"current-value":
"Math.sqrt(Math.pow({$group1.channels.latitude.current-value} - {$group2.channels.latitude.current-value}, 2) + Math.pow({$group1.channels.longitude.current-value} - {$group2.channels.longitude.current-value}, 2))", "type": "number"
}
}
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• Unified and integrated security architecture – Identity management – Policy specifications
• Data provenance • Trust and reputation • Secure information flow – Analysis and monitoring – Instrumentation and reconfiguration
COMPOSE: Security and Privacy
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COMPOSE PUB/SUB
§ Support for MQTT and STOMP – servIoTicy allows for the interaction with the platform
through protocols that are not HTTP/REST. – Support for MQTT, STOMP, Web Sockets.
§ They can be used in three different forms
– For cient/server interaction with servIoTicy, emulating the behaviour of the REST API.
– For data streams subscriptions: A client can subscribe to a data stream and receive all the updates being send to a SO stream.
– For actuations: requesting actions on devices. Actuations allow for the invocation of remote action on a device connected to the platform.
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COMPOSE Components
https://github.com/compose-eu servIoTicy IoT streaming made easy
COMPOSE SDKs http://www.servioticy.com
http://www.gluethings.com
http://iserve.kmi.open.ac.uk/
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SHOW TIME!
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What did we learn?
§ The Web as the Application layer of the IoT – Key is in translating to Web – Not the one-size-fits all but best effort, best chances – Needs some extensions
§ The tools + ecosystem around the WoT is growing fast – Web tech dominate the app world
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Game Over!
Dom Guinard dom.guinard.org @domguinard @webofthings @evrythng [email protected] webofthings.org slideshare.com/misterdom