Web Application SecurityWeb Application Security

Presented ByAllen Brokken

Principal Systems Security Analyst GSEC, CSDA, CPTS

Presented ByAllen Brokken

Principal Systems Security Analyst GSEC, CSDA, CPTS

OverviewOverview

• Disclaimer

• Why Should I Care?

• Open Web Application Security Project

• OWASP Top Vulnerabilities

• Practice Sites

• MU SafeWeb Initiative

• Disclaimer

• Why Should I Care?

• Open Web Application Security Project

• OWASP Top Vulnerabilities

• Practice Sites

• MU SafeWeb Initiative

DisclaimerDisclaimer• The information contained in this presentation is intended to be

used to educate developers about security vulnerabilities commonly found in Web Applications.

• This presentation is not intended as training material for those with malicious intent against information systems.

• Exploitation of the vulnerabilities listed in this presentation on systems or applications not owned or developed by the viewer is illegal in jurisdictions worldwide.

• It is a violation of the University of Missouri Acceptable Use policy to transmit these exploits across the MU network without explicit permission of the system or application owner they are directed at.

• The presenter is a trained professional, don’t try this at home…

• The information contained in this presentation is intended to be used to educate developers about security vulnerabilities commonly found in Web Applications.

• This presentation is not intended as training material for those with malicious intent against information systems.

• Exploitation of the vulnerabilities listed in this presentation on systems or applications not owned or developed by the viewer is illegal in jurisdictions worldwide.

• It is a violation of the University of Missouri Acceptable Use policy to transmit these exploits across the MU network without explicit permission of the system or application owner they are directed at.

• The presenter is a trained professional, don’t try this at home…

Why Should I Care?Why Should I Care?“[all users] were able to view individual customers' orders for… items of intimate apparel in which the retailer specializes.”

“One clever MySpace user … figured out how to force others to become his friend … In less than 24 hours, "Samy" had amassed over 1 million friends …

“… informed its members that their credit card information might have been compromised after a Chicago-based hacker cracked the site's code…”

Why Should I Care?Why Should I Care?

• Common Misconceptions– Aren’t I protected by firewalls or something?– I thought you just needed to keep things

patched?– I’m not using Microsoft, so I must be secure.– Isn’t keeping me secure your job?

• Common Misconceptions– Aren’t I protected by firewalls or something?– I thought you just needed to keep things

patched?– I’m not using Microsoft, so I must be secure.– Isn’t keeping me secure your job?

The Open Web Application Security Project

The Open Web Application Security Project

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is dedicated to finding and fighting the causes of insecure

software.

They have chapters world wide and manage multiple projects designed to help individuals and organizations

increase the level of security of their applications.

http://www.owasp.org

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is dedicated to finding and fighting the causes of insecure

software.

They have chapters world wide and manage multiple projects designed to help individuals and organizations

increase the level of security of their applications.

http://www.owasp.org

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#1 Unvalidated Input

Information from web requests is not validated before being used by a web application. Attackers can use these flaws to attack backend components through a web application.

#1 Unvalidated Input

Information from web requests is not validated before being used by a web application. Attackers can use these flaws to attack backend components through a web application.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#2 Broken Access Control

Restrictions on what authenticated users are allowed to do are not properly enforced. Attackers can exploit these flaws to access other users' accounts, view sensitive files, or use unauthorized functions.

#2 Broken Access Control

Restrictions on what authenticated users are allowed to do are not properly enforced. Attackers can exploit these flaws to access other users' accounts, view sensitive files, or use unauthorized functions.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#3 Broken Authentication and Session Management

Account credentials and session tokens are not properly protected. Attackers that can compromise passwords, keys, session cookies, or other tokens can defeat authentication restrictions and assume other users' identities.

#3 Broken Authentication and Session Management

Account credentials and session tokens are not properly protected. Attackers that can compromise passwords, keys, session cookies, or other tokens can defeat authentication restrictions and assume other users' identities.

Brute Force Password StatisticsBrute Force Password Statistics

Length of the

password

Character set

Lowercaseletters

Lowercaseletters and

digits

Both lowercase anduppercase letters

all printableASCII

characters

< = 4 instant 2 min

5 instant 2 min 12 min 4 hours

6 10 min 72 min 10 hours 18 days

7 4 hours 43 hours 23 days 4 years

8 4 days 65 days 3 years 463 years

9 4 months 6 years 178 years 44530 years

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#4 Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Flaws

The web application can be used as a mechanism to transport an attack to an end user's browser. A successful attack can disclose the end user's session token, attack the local machine, or spoof content to fool the user.

#4 Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Flaws

The web application can be used as a mechanism to transport an attack to an end user's browser. A successful attack can disclose the end user's session token, attack the local machine, or spoof content to fool the user.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10#5 Buffer OverflowsWeb application components in some

languages that do not properly validate input can be crashed and, in some cases, used to take control of a process. These components can include CGI, libraries, drivers, and web application server components.

#5 Buffer OverflowsWeb application components in some

languages that do not properly validate input can be crashed and, in some cases, used to take control of a process. These components can include CGI, libraries, drivers, and web application server components.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10#5 Buffer Overflows cont.#5 Buffer Overflows cont.

Free Memory

Explorer.exe

Your Code

Memory Manager TableProgram Allocation

Your Code #1148-#1248Explorer.exe #1548-#5548

Memory

100 Bytes of Data

Attack Data

Attack Code#1148-#1248#1548-#1568

100 Bytes of Data

Attacker Sends 200 Bytes to Your Code

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#6 Injection Flaws

Web applications pass parameters when they access external systems or the local operating system. If an attacker can embed malicious commands in these parameters, the external system may execute those commands on behalf of the web application.

#6 Injection Flaws

Web applications pass parameters when they access external systems or the local operating system. If an attacker can embed malicious commands in these parameters, the external system may execute those commands on behalf of the web application.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#7 Improper Error Handling Error conditions that occur during normal

operation are not handled properly. If an attacker can cause errors to occur that the web application does not handle, they can gain detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, or crash the server.

#7 Improper Error Handling Error conditions that occur during normal

operation are not handled properly. If an attacker can cause errors to occur that the web application does not handle, they can gain detailed system information, deny service, cause security mechanisms to fail, or crash the server.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#8 Insecure Storage

Web applications frequently use cryptographic functions to protect information and credentials. These functions and the code to integrate them have proven difficult to code properly, frequently resulting in weak protection.

#8 Insecure Storage

Web applications frequently use cryptographic functions to protect information and credentials. These functions and the code to integrate them have proven difficult to code properly, frequently resulting in weak protection.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#9 Denial of Service

Attackers can consume web application resources to a point where other legitimate users can no longer access or use the application. Attackers can also lock users out of their accounts or even cause the entire application to fail.

#9 Denial of Service

Attackers can consume web application resources to a point where other legitimate users can no longer access or use the application. Attackers can also lock users out of their accounts or even cause the entire application to fail.

OWASP TOP 10OWASP TOP 10

#10 Insecure Configuration Management

Having a strong server configuration standard is critical to a secure web application. These servers have many configuration options that affect security and are not secure out of the box.

#10 Insecure Configuration Management

Having a strong server configuration standard is critical to a secure web application. These servers have many configuration options that affect security and are not secure out of the box.

Practice SitesPractice Sites• Starfleet Academy

– http://academy.dyndns.org• HACK This Site

– http://www.hulla-balloo.com/hack/level1/• Next Generation Security Games

– http://quiz.ngsec.com/• WebGoat

– http://www.owasp.org/software/webgoat.html – Requires a Java Virtual Machine be available on the local machine, and runs

from the local machine.• HACME Bank / HACME Books

– http://www.foundstone.com– Note you will have to install these on a system you can run an appropriate web

server on.

• Starfleet Academy– http://academy.dyndns.org

• HACK This Site– http://www.hulla-balloo.com/hack/level1/

• Next Generation Security Games– http://quiz.ngsec.com/

• WebGoat– http://www.owasp.org/software/webgoat.html – Requires a Java Virtual Machine be available on the local machine, and runs

from the local machine.• HACME Bank / HACME Books

– http://www.foundstone.com– Note you will have to install these on a system you can run an appropriate web

server on.

• Objectives– Applications development standards with an emphasis on

security. – Data classification policies. – Secure server environments that support the defined data

classifications. – Auditing policies and processes to insure adherence to the

standards. – Minimum training requirements for applications

development, database administration and server administration.

• Objectives– Applications development standards with an emphasis on

security. – Data classification policies. – Secure server environments that support the defined data

classifications. – Auditing policies and processes to insure adherence to the

standards. – Minimum training requirements for applications

development, database administration and server administration.

• Activities to date– Faculty Collaboration Meeting– Multiple one-off or guest lectures– Multi-Media efforts– Secure Coding Requirement Pilot

• Activities to date– Faculty Collaboration Meeting– Multiple one-off or guest lectures– Multi-Media efforts– Secure Coding Requirement Pilot

• Report Details– Severity– File Name(s)– Summary– Execution– Implication– Fix– References

• Report Details– Severity– File Name(s)– Summary– Execution– Implication– Fix– References

Management Console Look at Student LearningManagement Console Look at Student Learning

Q&AQ&A

• SafeWeb Initiative– http://safeweb.missouri.edu

• Application Security Software– http://www.spidynamics.com

• Presenter Contact– brokkena@missouri.edu

• SafeWeb Initiative– http://safeweb.missouri.edu

• Application Security Software– http://www.spidynamics.com

• Presenter Contact– brokkena@missouri.edu

ReferencesReferences

• Victoria's Secret reveals far too much – http://cooltech.iafrica.com/technews/280300.htm

• Cross-Site Scripting Worm Hits MySpace • http://www.betanews.com/article/

CrossSite_Scripting_Worm_Hits_MySpace/1129232391

• Online political warriors savage opposition Web sites– http://www.statesman.com/metrostate/content/metro/stories/

07/14hackers.html

• Victoria's Secret reveals far too much – http://cooltech.iafrica.com/technews/280300.htm

• Cross-Site Scripting Worm Hits MySpace • http://www.betanews.com/article/

CrossSite_Scripting_Worm_Hits_MySpace/1129232391

• Online political warriors savage opposition Web sites– http://www.statesman.com/metrostate/content/metro/stories/

07/14hackers.html