Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?
description
Transcript of Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?
![Page 1: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?Terry Thompson Saroj Primlani
Terrill ThompsonTechnology Accessibility Specialist
University of [email protected]
![Page 2: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
600 MillionPeople with disabilities
(10% of world population)
Source: World Health Organization
![Page 3: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
52.2 MillionPeople with disabilities
in the United States
Source: Your HighEdWeb Handouts booklet
![Page 4: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1 millionCollege students with disabilities in the U.S.
Source: “Roadmaps & Rampways”. American Association for the Advancement of Science
![Page 5: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3,025complaints of disability-related discrimination filed with U.S.
Department of Education Office for Civil Rights in 2006
Source: OCR FY 2006 Report to Congress
![Page 6: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Millions and Millions
![Page 7: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How are we responding
to the need?
![Page 17: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How to Measure “How”
1. Measure outcomes (i.e., are higher education web pages accessible?)
2. Measure policies, procedures, and promising practices
![Page 18: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How #1Measuring Outcomes:
“Are our web pages accessible?”
![Page 19: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0
• 14 guidelines• Priority 1, 2, and 3 checkpoints• Priority 1 = MUST do• Priority 2 = SHOULD do• Priority 3 = MAY do
![Page 20: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Section 508 Standards• Section 508 is federal law that requires
accessibility of federal agencies’ electronic and information technology (E&IT)
• In 508 standards, web is one of six categories of E&IT
• Based in part on WCAG Priority 1• 16 standards• Provides a minimum standard for
accessibility (WCAG 1.0 has 65 checkpoints)
![Page 21: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kay Lewis et al (2007)University of Texas at Austin
• “Student Web Accessibility Project”• Manually evaluated 99 self-referred
websites • 12 sites met all Section 508 standards • At least 25 of the sites were developed
using Flash (suggests a need for Flash accessibility expertise, education, and outreach)
![Page 22: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sean Kane et al (2007)
• Home Pages of 100 Top Universities• Assessed accessibility using:
–Bobby (Watchfire)–CynthiaSays (HiSoftware)–Functional Accessibility Evaluator (FAE)
(31 rules across five categories)
![Page 23: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kane Results: Home Page Accessibility
• FAE % of Rules Passed– Navigation & Orientation 36.07%– Text Equivalents 51.24%– Scripting 54.00%– Styling 50.95%– HTML Standards 69.74%
• 36 pages contained no Priority 1 WCAG errors in either Bobby or Cynthia
• 2 pages contained no Priority 1, 2, or 3 WCAG errors
![Page 24: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Terry Thompson et al (2007): A Global Benchmark
• 7239 higher education home pages from 162 countries
• 5281 national government pages from 181 countries
• Evaluated all pages using FAE. Results showed lower accessibility than Kane’s results, but categories were proportional.
![Page 25: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thompson et al (2007)Web Accessibility over Time
• Manual assessment of home pages from 127 higher education institutions in the Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska)
• One benchmark assessment• Second assessment at 3 months• Third assessment at 6 months• Between assessments, provided varying
levels of outreach and consultation to a sample of the institutions
![Page 26: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Significant Overall Change in Six Months
• Three checkpoints improved– Alt text for images – Accessible markup on forms– Skip navigation links
• Three checkpoints worsened– All features accessible using keyboard – Content accessible without scripts– Content accessible without CSS
• The effect was stronger for those who received accessibility training
![Page 27: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
How #2Measuring Policies,
Procecures, and Promising Practices
![Page 28: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Results of the 2008 ATHEN Survey
on Accessible Technology in Higher EducationATHEN = Access Technology
Higher Education Networkathenpro.org
![Page 29: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Research Sample
• 149 individuals• 106 higher education institutions
– 52 from United States– 28 from United Kingdom– 12 from Canada– 9 from Ireland– 3 from South Africa– 1 each from Australia and New Zealand
![Page 30: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
U.S Participants
• 44.2% from doctorate-granting universities• 32.7% from associate’s colleges• 21.2% from master’s colleges/universities• 51.9% from West • 25.0% from Midwest• 11.5% from South• 11.5% from Northeast
![Page 31: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Q: Do you have a web accessibility policy?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 55% 55%
No 40% 45%
No response 5% 0%
![Page 32: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Q: Is there a person or office specifically responsible for web accessibility consultation?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 59% 70%
No 40% 30%
No response 2% 0%
![Page 33: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Q: Do you have policies or procedures that require consideration of accessibility when acquiring IT?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 46% 44%
No 39% 39%
No response 15% 17%
![Page 34: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Q: Was accessibility a consideration when acquiring an LMS?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 51% 44%
No 41% 50%
No response 8% 6%
![Page 35: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Q: Was accessibility a consideration when acquiring a Content Mgmt System?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 28% 25%
No 33% 33%
No response 39% 42%
![Page 36: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Q: Do you have a project, system, or strategy in place to assess IT accessibility?
All participants U.S. Participants
Yes 34% 39%
No 49% 42%
No response 16% 19%
![Page 37: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Q: Do you have centralize services for making multimedia accessible? (% “Yes” responses, U.S.)
Captioning Transcribing Audio description
29% 23% 19%
![Page 38: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Case Study: University of Washington
![Page 39: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
History of UW IT Accessibility
1984 Micro Support Group1990 Adaptive Technology Lab1992 ATL Lab Manager, DO-IT2001 AccessIT2003 AccessibleWeb user group2006 AccessComputing
![Page 40: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
January 2007
![Page 41: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2007
• Created new 0.5 FTE position for IT accessibility support
• Launched two new websites– UW Accessible IT site (public)
http://www.washington.edu/accessibility– Special Interest Group on Accessibility in IT
(internal wiki, strong emphasis on collaboration and community building)
![Page 42: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
March `08: UW Accessible IT CBI• IT administrators• Computer support staff• Web developers and managers• Librarians• Purchasing and contracts personnel• Faculty members• Accessibility professionals• Key vendors• Representatives from all 3 UW campuses
![Page 43: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
CBI Outcomes• Next steps for the university, Accessibility
in IT SIG, vendors, and individuals • Follow-up meeting to identify working
groups and begin work• Accessibility representation on Emerging
Technologies Group(s)• November `08: Presentation to the UW
Web Council
![Page 44: Web Accessibility: How is Higher Education Responding to the Need?](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815df4550346895dcc2af1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Questions?