Web access: how do customers get to your online stuff?
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Transcript of Web access: how do customers get to your online stuff?
Web AccessHow do customers get to
your online stuff?
How do people access web sites?
Human ↔ Browser ↔ Web Site
1) A browser transforms content into something usable by most users.
2) A browser also passes content into the operating system's Accessibility API
Assistive Technology draws from the browser and the Accessibility API
Human ↔ AT ↔ Browser ↔ Web Site
Assistive technology transforms the content delivered by the browser into a format usable by the current user.
...if that content meets accessibility guidelines.
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Four Principles of Accessibility (POUR):1) Perceivable2) Operable3) Understandable4) Robust
Perceivable
1) Using their available senses, a user can perceive your content.
2) Visual elements can be conveyed in text transformed into audio
3) Audio elements can be read as text4) Elements can be perceived by touch through
braille
Operable
1) Input and interaction does not depend on a specific device, method of activating a device, or require special coordination or timing to access.
2) If a user makes an error, they should have the ability to recover from that error.
Understandable
1) Navigation should be consistent and logical2) Language should be simple and concise, as
appropriate for the audience.3) Alternative format and supplemental data should
be provided whenever possible.
Robust
All technologies employed in creating the application should be used according to their specifications, to ensure the best long-term interoperability with past, present, and future technologies.
Types of Assistive Technology
1) Screen Readers2) Screen Magnifiers3) Voice Commands4) Keyboard navigation5) Switch navigation
Screen Readers
1) Transform text content into audio2) Transform semantic information about operation
and relationships into audio3) Heavily use accessibility APIs4) Limitations: cannot directly access visual sources
like video or images.5) Solutions: alternative text and audio description
Screen Magnifiers
1) Enlarge view for low vision users2) Basic magnification available from browser or OS3) Almost entirely visual, though some have audio
readers.4) Limitations: narrow field of vision makes reading
and navigation challenging5) Solutions: mobile-friendly web sites where you
can switch into a single-column view
Voice Command
1) Alternative input methods for navigation and forms
2) Most products designed for executive dictation, not AT
3) Poor support for accessibility APIs4) Limitations: if the name for a control doesn't
match what is visible, voice commands won't work on that control.
5) Solutions: ensure that the label for a button or link matches what is seen visually.
Keyboard Navigation
1) Rare for a user to have no means to use a pointing device
2) Many types of AT primarily use the keyboard3) Circumstances can temporarily deny use of a
pointing device4) Two major issues:
a) Ability to reach and activate all content and controls
b) Ability to identify the current location on the page
Switch Navigation
1) Family of devices with very simple input mechanisms.
2) Same general limitations as keyboard navigation3) Switches can act like pointing devices in some
implementations.
What about the Deaf and Hard of hearing?
Deaf and Hard of Hearing
1) Audio Transcripts2) Video captioning and transcription3) English may not be primary language
Understanding Web Accessibility
Use the four principles of WCAG 2.0 to look at any content and consider whether it meets expectations for accessibility.