Web 2.0, the Global Web 2.0, the Global Village, and the Code of Village, and the Code of

Fair Information PracticesFair Information Practices

Michael J. QuinnMichael J. QuinnSeattle UniversitySeattle University

TopicsTopics

What are biggest threats to privacy?What are biggest threats to privacy? Privacy implications of Web 2.0Privacy implications of Web 2.0 Code of Fair Information PracticesCode of Fair Information Practices Posting photosPosting photos Case-based analysisCase-based analysis

Samuel Joseph WurzelbacherSamuel Joseph Wurzelbacher

“ “ Your new taxYour new taxplan’s gonna tax meplan’s gonna tax memore, isn’t it?”more, isn’t it?”

““Joe the Plumber”Joe the Plumber”

No plumbing licenseNo plumbing license Didn’t completeDidn’t complete

apprenticeship in 2003apprenticeship in 2003 Earned $40,000Earned $40,000

in 2006in 2006 Owed $1,182 in backOwed $1,182 in back

taxestaxes

““Joe the Plumber”Joe the Plumber”

““I’m just a private I’m just a private citizencitizen… That scares me … That scares me justjustfor the simple fact for the simple fact that other people that other people might hesitate on might hesitate on questioning our questioning our elected officials and elected officials and that worries me that worries me greatly for America.”greatly for America.”

October 15, Katie Couric interviewOcrober 16, Good Morning AmericaOctober 16: Press conferenceOctober 16, Hannity & ColmesOctober 28-30, McCain campaign ralliesNovember 2, Your World with Neil Cavuto

private citizen

““Star Wars Kid”Star Wars Kid”

PrivacyPrivacy

““Zone of inaccessibility” (Edmund Zone of inaccessibility” (Edmund Byrne)Byrne)

Privacy = control over zonePrivacy = control over zone PhysicalPhysical MentalMental InformationalInformational

Code of Fair Information Code of Fair Information PracticesPractices

No secret record-keeping systemsNo secret record-keeping systems Right to knowRight to know

what information heldwhat information held how usedhow used

No information re-useNo information re-use Correction of erroneous informationCorrection of erroneous information Reliability and prevention of misuseReliability and prevention of misuse

Private CorporationsPrivate Corporations

Data collectionData collection Data sharingData sharing Data miningData mining Direct mailDirect mail

Public InformationPublic Information

Web 2.0Web 2.0

Users contribute contentUsers contribute content BlogsBlogs WikisWikis Social networksSocial networks People are contributorsPeople are contributors People are subjectsPeople are subjects

Global VillageGlobal Village

Marshall McLuhan, Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg The Gutenberg GalaxyGalaxy (1962) (1962)

Electronic mass media collapse Electronic mass media collapse communication barrierscommunication barriers

Global-scale human interactionsGlobal-scale human interactions

Television: Funeral of John Television: Funeral of John Paul IIPaul II

Web: “Bus Uncle”Web: “Bus Uncle”

www.gawker.com/stalker

Code of Fair Information Code of Fair Information PracticesPractices

No secret record-keeping systemsNo secret record-keeping systems Right to knowRight to know

what information heldwhat information held how usedhow used

No information re-useNo information re-use Correction of erroneous informationCorrection of erroneous information Reliability and prevention of misuseReliability and prevention of misuse

In the absence of legal In the absence of legal restrictions, how should we restrictions, how should we

behave?behave?

Rule-based Decision-Rule-based Decision-makingmaking

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

…

Rn

Rule-based Decision-Rule-based Decision-makingmaking

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

…

Rn

Contemplated action x

Rule-based Decision-Rule-based Decision-makingmaking

R1

R2

R3

R4

R6

R7

…

Rn

Contemplated action x

R5

Rule-based Decision-Rule-based Decision-makingmaking

R1

R2

R3

R4

R6

R7

…

Rn

Contemplated action x

R5R5(x) or

Problems with Rule-based Problems with Rule-based MethodologiesMethodologies

Conflicting rulesConflicting rules Strips away detailsStrips away details Binary result (right or wrong)Binary result (right or wrong)

Utilitarian Decision-makingUtilitarian Decision-making

Contemplated action x

Utilitarian Decision-makingUtilitarian Decision-making

Contemplated action x

Consequence 1 Value 1Consequence 2 Value 2Consequence 3 Value 3Consequence 4 Value 4…Consequence n Value 5

Utilitarian Decision-makingUtilitarian Decision-making

Contemplated action x

Consequence 1 Value 1Consequence 2 Value 2Consequence 3 Value 3Consequence 4 Value 4…Consequence n Value 5

Problems with Problems with UtilitarianismUtilitarianism

Single scale for all consequencesSingle scale for all consequences Ignores unjust distribution of good Ignores unjust distribution of good

consequencesconsequences Doesn’t give principles their dueDoesn’t give principles their due

Case-based ReasoningCase-based Reasoning

““Bottom-up” approachBottom-up” approach Allows consideration of rights, duties, Allows consideration of rights, duties,

consequencesconsequences Based on +, - Based on +, - paradigm casesparadigm cases Identify negative paradigm caseIdentify negative paradigm case Identify features that make it negativeIdentify features that make it negative Alter features to create positive caseAlter features to create positive case Compare test case against paradigm Compare test case against paradigm

casescases

Ann is an accountant at Acme Corporation, a medium-sized firm with about 50 employees. All of the employees work in the same building, and everyone knows everyone else on a first-name basis. Ann’s daughter is a Girl Scout. During the annual Girl Scout cookie sale, Ann sends an email to all of the other Acme employees, inviting them to stop by her desk and order some cookies.

Did Ann do anything wrong?

Warm-up CaseWarm-up Case

Evaluation of Warm-up Evaluation of Warm-up CaseCase

Case #1Case #1

Benjamin attends a birthday party for his good friend Benjamin attends a birthday party for his good friend Chris, a member of the Orange Party. Someone Chris, a member of the Orange Party. Someone gives Chris a Yellow Party T-shirt as a gag gift, and gives Chris a Yellow Party T-shirt as a gag gift, and Chris puts it on. Benjamin takes a picture of Chris Chris puts it on. Benjamin takes a picture of Chris wearing the T-shirt and posts it on his blog, wearing the T-shirt and posts it on his blog, identifying Chris and explaining the context of the identifying Chris and explaining the context of the photo. When Chris runs for governor, organizations photo. When Chris runs for governor, organizations supporting his opponent in the Orange Party primary supporting his opponent in the Orange Party primary post the photo out of context, along with stories post the photo out of context, along with stories questioning his party loyalty.questioning his party loyalty.

Was Benjamin wrong to post the photo?Was Benjamin wrong to post the photo?

Evaluation of Case #1Evaluation of Case #1

Case #2Case #2

A group of citizens opposes the opening of a strip A group of citizens opposes the opening of a strip club in their neighborhood. The group creates a club in their neighborhood. The group creates a Web site to build support for its cause. After the City Web site to build support for its cause. After the City Council votes to approve the club and the club Council votes to approve the club and the club opens, the citizens try to reduce the club’s business opens, the citizens try to reduce the club’s business by posting to their Web site photos of people by posting to their Web site photos of people entering the club.entering the club.

Are the citizens wrong to post the photos?Are the citizens wrong to post the photos?

Evaluation of Case #2Evaluation of Case #2

“You have zero privacy anyway.

Get over it.”

Scott McNealy

“You have zero privacy anyway.

Get over it.”

Scott McNealy

control over your zone of inaccessibility

SourcesSources ABC News, Obama talks with ‘Joe the Plumber,’ October 15, 2008. ABC News, Obama talks with ‘Joe the Plumber,’ October 15, 2008.

http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6031110http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=6031110 John Seewer, Is ‘Joe the Plumber’ a plumber? That’s debatable. Associated Press, John Seewer, Is ‘Joe the Plumber’ a plumber? That’s debatable. Associated Press,

October 16, 2008.October 16, 2008. Bridget Tharp and Mark Zaborney, “`Joe the Plumber’ is focus of presidential debate’s Bridget Tharp and Mark Zaborney, “`Joe the Plumber’ is focus of presidential debate’s

first few minutes.” first few minutes.” Toledo BladeToledo Blade. October 16, 2008.. October 16, 2008. 3 Searches of ‘Joe’s’ BMV files probed. 3 Searches of ‘Joe’s’ BMV files probed. The Columbus DispatchThe Columbus Dispatch, October 25, 2008., October 25, 2008. Star Wars Kid is top viral video. BBC News, November 27, 2006.Star Wars Kid is top viral video. BBC News, November 27, 2006. Tu Thanh Ha, ‘Star Wars Kid’ cuts a deal with his tormentors. Tu Thanh Ha, ‘Star Wars Kid’ cuts a deal with his tormentors. Globe and MailGlobe and Mail, April 7. , April 7.

2006.2006. Edmund F. Byrne, Privacy. In Edmund F. Byrne, Privacy. In Encyclopedia of Applied EthicsEncyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Academic Press, 1998., Academic Press, 1998. Michael J. Quinn, Michael J. Quinn, Ethics for the Information Age, 3Ethics for the Information Age, 3rdrd edition edition, Addison Wesley, 2009., Addison Wesley, 2009. Original “Bus Uncle” video. Original “Bus Uncle” video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H20dhY01Xjkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H20dhY01Xjk Hong Kong’s “Bus Uncle” beaten up by three men, Channel NewsAsia, June 8, 2006.Hong Kong’s “Bus Uncle” beaten up by three men, Channel NewsAsia, June 8, 2006. Jonathan Zittrain, Jonathan Zittrain, The Future of the Internet The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It, and How to Stop It, Yale University Yale University

Press, 2008.Press, 2008. C. E. Harris, Jr., M. S. Pritchard, and M. J. Rabins. C. E. Harris, Jr., M. S. Pritchard, and M. J. Rabins. Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Engineering Ethics: Concepts and

Cases, 3Cases, 3rdrd Edition Edition, Wadsworth Publishing, 2004., Wadsworth Publishing, 2004. Michael J. Quinn, “Case-based analysis: a practical tool for teaching computer ethics,” Michael J. Quinn, “Case-based analysis: a practical tool for teaching computer ethics,”

Proceedings of SIGCSE ’06Proceedings of SIGCSE ’06, March 2006., March 2006.