Weathering and Erosion - Ms. Biscardi's Community · 2018-03-11 · –Biological Activity....
Transcript of Weathering and Erosion - Ms. Biscardi's Community · 2018-03-11 · –Biological Activity....
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Weathering and Erosion
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Objective:2.1.3 I can explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, water and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth’s surface.
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What is Weathering?
• Is the breaking down and changing of rocks near Earth’s surface
• Two Types– Mechanical– Chemical
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What is Mechanical Weathering? • When physical
forces break rock into smaller pieces
• Does not change the rock’s composition
• Three Ways– Frost Wedging– Unloading– Biological Activity
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Mechanical Weathering: Frost Wedging
• Water enters cracks and crevices in rocks
• Water freezes expanding the cracks
• Eventually breaking rocks into pieces
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Mechanical Weathering: Unloading
• The uplift and weathering of rocks overlying igneous rocks
• Why?– Pressure on igneous rocks
is reduced causing uplift• Exfoliation: slabs of
outer rock separate and break loose
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Mechanical Weathering: Biological Activity
• Activities of living organisms
• Example:–Plant roots wedge
into rocks, breaking them apart
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What is Chemical Weathering?
Is the transfer of rock into one or more new compounds
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Agents of Chemical Weathering• Water
– Most important agent– Picks up gases from
the atmosphere• Oxygen
– Causes oxidation of metal minerals
– Ex: rusting
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Chemical Weathering in Action
• Carbon DioxideCombines with water in the atmosphereCauses acids to form like in acid rain
• Spheroidal Weathering– Causes the corners and
edges of rock to be rounded
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Rate of WeatheringWhat affects it?
• Rock Characteristics– Mineral composition– Mineral solubility
• Climate– Temperature and
moisture– Favors high
temperatures and abundant moisture
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Weathering Lab
Tips:1. Hot & Cold water is at the front of the
room, bring your beaker2. Clean up your station when you are done3. DISSOLVED = NO PARTICLES SEENPurpose: Discover why mechanical and chemical weathering is so different yet feel so similar.
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What is Erosion?
•Removal and transport of weathered material from one location to another
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Agents of Erosion
• Running Water• Wind• Glaciers• Ocean currents
and Waves• Biological
Organisms
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What happens to the Material?
• Deposition–Materials are
dropped in another location
–Final stage of erosion
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How does Wind Erode Soil?
• Picks up and carry sediment
• Sand Dunes• Mounds or ridges of
sand• Wind also can cause
them to move
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How can humans control erosion?
• Planting rows of trees called windbreakers
• Terracing hillsides• Plowing along the
contours of hills• Rotating crops
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What is Mass Movement?
•The transfer of rock and soil down-slope due to gravity
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How to Classify Mass Movement?
• Classified by– Kind of material
the move– How it Moves– Speed of movement
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Objective:2.1.3 I can explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, water and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth’s surface.
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Word Sort Activity1. Using your vocabulary cards, arrange
them into groups of 3 (there should be at least 3 groups) based on their meaning and relatedness.
2. In your notebook, write your three groups (include the vocabulary words for each group) and write 1-2 sentences discussing how they are related (BE SPECIFIC)
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What is Soil?
• Part of the regolith that supports the growth of plants
• Regolith– Layer of rock and
mineral fragments that cover most of Earth’s land surface
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How is Soil Formed?
• Weathering of rocks that is carried away
• Factors– Parent Material– Time– Climate– Organisms– Slope
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Soil Formation Factors
• Parent Material– Source of the
mineral matter in the soil
• Time– Important in all
geologic processes– The longer a soil has
been forming, the thicker it becomes
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• Climate– Greatest effect on
soil formation– Influences of
temperature and precipitation affect rate, depth and type of weathering
• Organisms– Furnish organic
matter in soil
• Slope– Steep slopes often
have poorly developed soils
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Characteristic of Soil: Soil Composition
• 45% mineral matter
• 25% air• 25% water• 5% humus
– Decayed remains of organisms
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Characteristic of Soil:Soil Texture
• Refers to the proportions of different particle sizes– Sand (large size)– Silt (feels like flour)– Clay (small size)– Loam (mix of all
three; best for plants)
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