Weather Shield AIA Course

WELCOME!

CES Course 000104Designing for Impact

104 Designing for Impact

Weather Shield’s Continuing Education Program for Architects

AIA Course Reference: WS101

This course qualifies for 1.0 LU AIA/CES credits

“Designing for Impact”

kentp

Note

The PowerPoint you supplied had a black box here and requesed a WS video in the front. Please explain what you need here. Thanks.


Weather Shield was founded in 1955 and is family owned.Weather Shield Windows and Doors is one of the nation’s

leading window and door manufacturers.

LifeGuard® is a complete line of code-approved impact-resistant windows and doors providing lasting beauty,superior energy performance and sound control while

reducing the likelihood of wind-borne damage


Weather Shield Mfg., Inc. is a Registered Provider withThe American Institute of Architects Continuing EducationSystems. Credit earned on completion of this program willbe reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificatesof Completion for non-AIA members available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES forcontinuing professional education. As such, it does

not include content that may be deemed orconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by theAIA of any material of construction or any method ormanner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing inany material or product. Questions related to specificmaterials, methods, and services will be addressed at

the conclusion of this presentation.Thank you!


Our Learning Objectives Today

1. You will have a basic understanding of windload requirements and Design Pressure (DP)ratings for windows and doors

2. You will understand the basic wind-borne debriscode requirements for impact-resistant windowsand doors

3. You will learn about the various applicationsand specifications for impact-resistant windowsand doors


Top Ten Most Destructive Hurricanes (Atlantic)

Note: damages are listed in U.S. Dollars and are not adjusted for inflation

Source: www.mthhurricane.com


The Dynamics of a Hurricane• High velocity winds create flying debris acting as

shooting missiles

• Flying debris breaks through windows or doors allowingpressure to build up inside the structure

• Rapid changes in both negative and positive wind pressurescan cause severe structural damage


The Ongoing Threat of Destructive HurricanesCauses Code Change

• High Design Pressure (DP Rating) required for windowsand doors

• Wind-borne debris protection becomes mandated in specificregions for all openings (windows and doors)

• Cyclical pressure test to simulate the negative and positivepressures of a hurricane

• Energy efficiencyrequirements aswind-borne debriscodes move north


SECTION ONE

Understanding wind load requirementsand Design Pressure ratings for

windows and doors

This section will review the basic wind loadrequirements and Design Pressure (DP) ratings for

windows and doors in hurricane-prone regions


Wind Loads• The first item that must be established is the wind load rating

of the building or structure

• The basic wind speed maps from ASCE-7 can help determinethe proper wind speed delineation zones for a specific area

• There are special requirements for buildings sited in areascalled “wind-borne debris regions,” defined as areas alongthe Atlantic and Gulf coasts where the design wind speed is120 mph or above


U.S. Wind Speed Map


Florida Wind Speed Map

www.floridabuilding.org


Design Loads• Represents wind load pressure

for which the product is designed

• Incorporates a safety factor;testing 150% of design pressure(DP50 is tested at 75 PSF)

• Positive and negative designpressure requirements forwind-borne debris regions

• Water performance must meetthe positive pressure required forstructural design


Determining Design Loads

2. Exposure Classification 3. Building Importance

4. Mean Roof Height 5. Unit Size 6. Wall Location

1. Wind Speed Zone


Wind-Borne Debris Requirements• After determining the design load, the next requirement for

the coastal area is to determine the proper wind-bornedebris protection

• Windows and doors designed forwind-borne debris regions will havethe following characteristics– High design loads– Missile impact approval– Cyclical pressure test for

specific design pressures


SECTION TWO

Understanding the different wind-bornedebris code requirements for impact-

resistant windows and doors

This section will review the basic wind-borne debriscodes and performance requirements for windows

and doors in wind-borne debris regions


Key Building Codes• International Building Code (IBC)

for commercial construction

• International Residential Code (IRC)for residential construction

• Florida Building Code (FBC)for all construction in the state of Florida

www.iccsafe.com www.floridabuilding.org


Wind-Borne Debris Standards• The IRC and IBC have provisions for wind-borne

debris standards

• The standard test method and specifications referenceASTM E 1886 and ASTM E 1996 for large missile impactand cyclic pressure loading

• Various approval and state agencies have adopted thewind-borne debris standards such as Texas Departmentof Insurance, Miami-Dade, State of Florida, WDMAand AAMA

TDI


Wind-Borne Debris Standards• Wind-borne debris requirements are defined by missile level

and wind zone (building height and location)

• Wind-borne debris requirements are only applicable wheremandated by local or regional building codes

• It is up to the architect to determine the right productperformance and code approval for the project


Wind-Borne Debris OptionsGlazed openings must be protected

1. Impact-resistant panels

2. Impact-resistant shutters

3. Impact-resistant glazing system


Wind Zones and Missile Types


Impact Missile Requirements

80 (55)

50 (34)

40 (27)

50 (34)

130 (89)

Impact Speedfeet/sec (mph)

Less than 30 ft.Wind Zone 3 and 4 (Enhanced)

Less than 30 ft.Wind Zone 3 and 4 (Basic)

Wind Zone 1 and 2 (Enhanced)

Less than 30 ft.Wind Zone 1 and 2 (Basic)

Skylights < 30 ft.Wind Zone 2 (Basic)

Above 30 ft.Wind Zone 1 through 4

Typical Use

2 gram steel ballA

2 lb. LumberB

4.5 lb. LumberC

9 lb. LumberE

9 lb. LumberD

MissileMissileLevel

Wind Zone 1 – 110mphWind Zone 2 – 120mphWind Zone 3 – 130mphWind Zone 4 – 140mph


Wind Zones


Cyclical Pressure Testing• Designed to simulate the positive

and negative pressures causedby a hurricane

• Determines the maximum positiveand negative design pressures ofeach approved window anddoor system

• 9,000 total cycles with 3 secondsper cycle of design pressure

• Cycling occurs after impact


Cyclic Static Air Pressure Loading

9,000 total


Product ApprovalsAPPROVAL CHECKLIST

• Request a copy of the approval

• Make sure the product is approvedfor impact

• Check size and design pressures

• Make sure it meets the properimpact requirement(large versus small)


Example Design Pressure Calculation1. Unit installed in Zone 5 of structure

2. Mean roof height of 30’

3. Window product is 3’ x 4’ = 12 square feet

4. Home located in wind zone of 140 mphPositive and negative design pressures of +33.7/–36.7 basedon Table R301.2(2) calculated for Exposure B

5. Home located in exposure “C” requires adjustmentcoefficient of 1.40 in accordance with Table R301.2(2)+33.7 x 1.40 = +47.18 (positive design pressure)-36.7 x 1.40 = -51.38 (negative design pressure)

Design Pressure required is +47.2/-51.4


SECTION THREE

Understanding the various applicationsand specifications for impact-resistant

windows and doors

This section will review the design options andspecifications for impact windows and doors based

on building codes, applications and installation


Product OptionsActive Glazing Options

• Plywood that meets code specifications• Code-approved screens• Code-approved storm panels• Code-approved shutters

Passive Glazing Options• Code-approved impact-resistant

windows and doors– Wood– Aluminum Clad– Aluminum– Vinyl– Fiberglass


Product LimitationsAluminum and aluminum clad (wood) impact-resistant windowstypically give designers the greatest selection in size, options anddesign pressures offering the largest glazed openings and thehighest design pressures


Window and Door Sizing

Example: Manufacturer’s Sizing Charts

kentp

Note

I was going to make a clearer snap shot of this screen from your website, but it looked different when I pulled it up. Do you have a bigger version of this image?


Product Selection

Example: Manufacturer’s Specification Sheet


Critical Design Elements• Physical location of structure

• Type of windows/doors (wood, aluminum, vinyl)

• Overall window/door size

• Missile approval (large or small)

• Design pressures (to meet local requirements)

• Product code approvalmeets project specifications


Proper Installation is CriticalHigh DP ratings and impact-resistant products may require specificinstallation (often more in-depth than standard product installation)

• 1/4” maximum shim space

• Additional anchoring through nailing fins

• Different anchoring method (i.e., screws instead of nails)

• Longer anchors

• Use of installation brackets

• Installing anchors throughsash/frame into the openings


Certified Installation MethodsProducts tested in accordance with American ArchitecturalManufacturers Association (AAMA) have certified methods ofinstallation noted in body of test reports

Installation which differs from the certified details will not assuresimilar product performance and will not be accepted in areasrequiring specific design pressure ratings


Example of Installation forHigh Performance Product


Installation for Impact-Resistant Window

Example: Manufacturer’s Installation Specifications


Energy Efficiency• As mandated codes for wind-borne debris requirements

moves north, the demand for energy-efficient impact-resistantwindows and doors will increase

• Most impact-resistant windows and doors use monolithiclaminated glass offering great impact-resistance but poorinsulation or energy efficiency

• There are code-approved products that use insulated Low Eglass offering energy efficiency – look for impact-resistantwindows and doors with the Energy Star seal


Energy-Efficient Windows


SUMMARY – SECTION ONE

Understanding the wind loadrequirements and DP ratings for

windows and doors

• Wind loads are critical and are determined from wind speedmaps (ASCE-7)

• Design loads represent wind load pressures for window anddoor products

• Design loads take in consideration six critical elementsWind speed, exposure classification, building importance, roof height,window/door unit size and location on the building


SUMMARY – SECTION TWO

Understanding the different coderequirements for impact-resistant

windows and doors

• The IBC and IRC are national building codes that providestandards for wind-borne debris regions

• Various governing bodies and agencies adopt the recognizedstandards and enforce the approval process

• There are various impact requirements depending ongeography, window/door placement and building type


SUMMARY – SECTION THREE

Understanding the various applicationsand specifications for impact-resistant

windows and doors

• There are two general categories of glazing protection:Active systems and Passive systems

• It is critical to make sure the code-approved productsspecified meet the required wind-borne debris specifications

• Proper installation of code-approved windows and doors is amust to provide the level of performance the systems havebeen tested to


Review of Learning Objectives

1. You will have a basic understanding of windload requirements and Design Pressure (DP)ratings for windows and doors

2. You will understand the basic wind-borne debriscode requirements for impact-resistant windowsand doors

3. You will learn about the various applicationsand specifications for impact-resistant windowsand doors

kentp

Note

The objectives review slide was missing from your PPT - so I added this slide.


Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by U.S. and Internationalcopyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and

use of the presentation without written permissionof the speaker is prohibited.

© Weather Shield Mfg., Inc. 2007

THANK YOU!

This concludes the American Instituteof Architects Continuing Education

System Program

www.weathershield.com

Please contact your Weather Shieldrepresentative for additional information

Weather Shield AIA Course

Business

Transcript of Weather Shield AIA Course