Weather Graphical Products
Transcript of Weather Graphical Products
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Weather Graphical Products
Kyle Black
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Why do you need to be able to read and
understand Weather Graphical Products?
Safety
Comply with weather related FARs
Easier flight planning Be able to make a competent
Go/No-Go decision for flights
Required for Private Pilot
Certification
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Private Pilot PTS
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Why do you need to be able to read and
understand Weather Graphical Products?
Statistics Never Lie:
The leading cause of fatalities among VFR
pilots is when? Takeoff?
Climb?
Landing?
Maneuvering?
NONE OF THOSE
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Why do you need to be able to read and
understand Weather Graphical Products?
The leading cause of fatalities among VFR pilots is
VFR flight into IMC conditions. How can you avoid
this situation?
KNOW HOW TO READ AND UNDERSTAND
WEATHER PRODUCTS TO AVOID THIS
SITUATION
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Aviation Routine Weather Report
(METAR) What is a METAR?
When do METARs come out?
Come out between :50 and the hour. p. 2-9 for descriptors
What is a SPECI? A METAR that is issued because of changing
conditions at the airport
Issued at anytime
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Aviation Routine Weather Report
(METAR)
KMSN 181253Z 19005KT 6SM HZ BKN009
22/19 A2988 RMK AO2 SLP111
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Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
(TAF) What area does the TAF cover?
5 statute mile radius from center of airport.
How long are TAFs valid for? Valid for 24 hours
Changed to 30 hours on November 5, 2008
When do new TAFs come out? Comes out 4 times daily on 0Z, 6Z, 12Z, 18Z
Why can this information be helpful?
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Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
(TAF)KMSN 181150Z 181212 18005KT 5SM BR BKN008
TEMPO 1214 P6SM NSW SCT008 SCT040
FM1400 21007KT P6SM SCT035 SCT060
FM1800 22008KT P6SM BKN040
PROB30 2123 3SM TSRA OVC035CB
FM2300 24006KT 6SM -SHRA SCT050 BKN100
PROB30 2303 3SM TSRA OVC035CB
FM0300 21007KT 5SM -TSRA BR OVC030CB
FM0800 31010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC060
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Area Forecast (FA)
What does an Area Forecast show?
VMC conditions
Clouds and general weather conditions over
an area the size of several states.
How often do Area Forecasts come out?
3 times daily
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Area Forecast (FA)
What are the four parts of an Area
Forecast?
4 parts: Communications and Product Header
Precautionary Statements
Synopsis
VFR Clouds and weather 12 hour specific forecast
6 hour categorical outlook
18 hour total forecast
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Area Forecast (FA)
Use AviationWeather.gov or WSI to look at
an Area Forecast.
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Pilot Report (UA)
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Winds and Temperatures Aloft (FD)
When do FDs come out?
Forecasts are twice daily based on 00Z and
12Z
What can FDs show or tell us?
Shows current winds and temperatures aloft
Freezing levels
Possible Wind Shear
Levels below 18,000 feet are in true
altitude
Levels above are in pressure altitude
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Winds & Temp. Aloft
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Winds and Temperatures Aloft (FD)
Decoding FDs:
27007
270 degrees at 7 knots
9900+00
Wind light and variable, temperature 0 degrees
Celsius
850552 350 degrees (85-50=35) at 105 knots
(100+05=105), temperature -52 degrees Celsius
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Winds and Temperatures Aloft (FD)
Decoding FDs:
No winds are forecasted within 1,500 feet of
the station
No temperatures are forecasted within 2,500
feet of the station
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Winds and Temperatures Aloft (FD)
GFK 9900 3116+13 3119+08 3022+03 3238-08 3144-19 315635306945 307556
MOT 3308+16 3415+10 3226+06 3129-08 3130-18 314534 295843277055
BFF 3214 2814+20 2520+12 2314-06 2317-16 271332 282543
283255 GRI 2520+24 2109+18 1919+11 3118-07 3019-17 332033 342844
333055
OMA 2635 2910+22 3008+16 2615+09 2823-08 2817-17 311034311944 322756
ONL 2522+26 2519+20 2321+11 2727-07 2925-17 332033 352444
342856 ABR 1013 0211+19 3123+14 3031+08 3230-08 3030-17 303733
304644 306156
FSD 2709 2908+21 2814+14 2717+07 2744-08 2935-18 313133323243 324156
PIR 0917+21 1006+16 2714+11 2617-07 2823-18 293333 293744
303955
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Winds and Temperatures Aloft (FD)
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Surface Analysis Chart
When do Surface Analysis Charts come out? Come out every 3 hours
When are these charts valid?
Valid only at time of observations What do these charts show?
Shows: Isobars
Pressure Systems Fronts
Troughs and Ridges
Overview of winds, temperatures, and dew pointtemperatures at chart time as well.
Refer to Aviation Weather Services book page 5-4 for symbols
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Surface Analysis Chart
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Surface Analysis Chart
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Weather Depiction Chart
Computer generated from METAR reports
Gives broad overview of flying conditions at timeof issuance (VFR, MVFR, IFR)
Begins at 01Z each day and put out every 3hours
Shows: Sky Cover
Could Height
Weather and obstructions to visibility Visibility
Weather Category (VFR, MVFR, IFR)
Shaded IFR (Below 1,000/3)
Contoured MVFR (Between 1,000/3 and 3,000/5)
No contours VFR (Better than 3,000/5)
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Weather Depiction Chart
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Weather Depiction Chart
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Radar Summary Chart
When do Radar Summary Charts come
out?
Reported H+35
MSL altitudes for cloud tops
Shows: Rain, Snow, and Thunderstorms
Type
Intensity
Echo Tops
Movement in direction and speed of the cell
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Radar Summary Chart
(Old School)
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Radar Summary Chart
(New School)
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Significant Weather Prognostic
Charts
When do they come out?
Issued 4 times a day
When are they valid?
12 hour prognositic chart is a forecast ofconditions which have a valid time 12 hoursafter the observed data base time.
Same thing for 24 hour
Forecasts positions and characteristics ofpressure systems, fronts, precipitation areas,freezing levels, as well as ceilings of clouds.
When might you want to use this chart?
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Significant Weather Prognostic Charts
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Significant Weather Prognostic
Charts
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Airmets
How long are Airmets valid?
Valid for 6 hours
Who are Airmets put out for? For all pilots
What are the three different types?
Tango Moderate Turbulence and Surface
Winds
Sierra IFR and Mountain Obscuration
Zulu Moderate Icing and Freezing Level
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Airmets
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Sigmets
How long are Sigmets valid for?
Valid for 4 hours after time of issuance
When do Sigmets come out? Unscheduled
Issued for: Severe icing not associated with thunderstorms
Severe or extreme turbulence (CAT) not
associated with thunderstorms
Dust and Sand Storms lowering surface or in-flight
visibility to less than 3 sm.
Volcanic Ash
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Convective Sigmets
What type of wx is a convective sigmet issuedfor?
Severe Thunderstorms Surface winds greater than or equal to 50 kts.
Hail at the surface greater than inches in diameter
Tornados
Embedded Thunderstorms
Squall Line (A line of thunderstorms)
Thunderstorms producing precipitation greater than orequal to heavy precipitation affecting more than 40% ormore of an area of at least 3,000 square miles.
Implies severe or greater turbulence, severe icing, andlow level wind shear
Issued every hour when needed, valid for two hours.
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Convective Sigmet
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In-Flight Weather
Name a few resources that we have if we
need updated weather while we are in the
air.
Flight Service Station
Flight Watch on 122.0
Other pilots in the area
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Personal Minimums
Consider having personal minimums.
Just because a flight is legal, doesnt
mean that it is a good idea to go on theflight.
What are some of your personal
experiences and personal minimums that
you have set for yourself??
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Practice
WSI
www.aviationweather.gov
DuatDuats
Can you name any others?
AOPA has free courses that they put out to
allow pilots to practice. Try the one
labeled Weather Wise.
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The End
Any Questions??