Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

Why doesn’t it ever snow in Why doesn’t it ever snow in

El Cajon?El Cajon?

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

WeatherWeather

AtmosphereAtmosphere::

The condition of the bottom layer The condition of the bottom layer of the earth’s atmosphere in one of the earth’s atmosphere in one place over a short period of time.place over a short period of time.

A multilayered band of A multilayered band of gases, water vapor, and gases, water vapor, and dust above the earth.dust above the earth.

– Involves temperature, Involves temperature, moisture or precipitation, and moisture or precipitation, and wind.wind.

– Is always in a constant state of Is always in a constant state of change.change.

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

ClimateClimate::

The term for the weather The term for the weather patterns that an area patterns that an area typically experiences over a typically experiences over a long period of time.long period of time.

– Dependent on:Dependent on:

1. Elevation1. Elevation

2. Latitude2. Latitude

3. Location in relation to 3. Location in relation to nearby landforms and bodies nearby landforms and bodies of water.of water.

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

The SunThe Sun The ultimate source of The ultimate source of the Earth’s climates is the Earth’s climates is the sun.the sun.

93 million miles away.93 million miles away. Gives off energy and Gives off energy and

light.light.

The Greenhouse The Greenhouse EffectEffect – The sun gives off radiation, and The sun gives off radiation, and

some of it is reflected back into some of it is reflected back into space by the atmosphere, but space by the atmosphere, but enough remains to warm the enough remains to warm the Earth’s land and water.Earth’s land and water.

– The Earth’s atmosphere serves like The Earth’s atmosphere serves like a green house.a green house. The atmosphere also prevents The atmosphere also prevents

heat from escaping back into heat from escaping back into space.space.

Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be too cold for most living things.would be too cold for most living things.

Not all places on the earth get the same Not all places on the earth get the same amount of heat and light from the sun; it amount of heat and light from the sun; it is dependent on the relative position of is dependent on the relative position of the sun and the Earth.the sun and the Earth.//

Weather and Climate

http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/48c27b503a/none-like-it-hot-from-poundsmack

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

RotationRotation

OrbitOrbit

RevolutionRevolution

– The Earth is constantly spinning on The Earth is constantly spinning on it’s axis through space Earth’s axisit’s axis through space Earth’s axis 23 degrees23 degrees The Earth completes one rotation every The Earth completes one rotation every

24 hours.24 hours. Spins from west to east, Spins from west to east, so the sun so the sun

appears to rise in the east and set in the appears to rise in the east and set in the west.west.

– The path the Earth takes as it The path the Earth takes as it revolves around the Sunrevolves around the Sun

– One complete orbit around the sun One complete orbit around the sun = 365 1/4 days = 1 year= 365 1/4 days = 1 year

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0404/es0404page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0404/es0404page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationation

Rotation and Revolution Cont.Rotation and Revolution Cont. Is the Earth Straight up and down? How does it look? (Draw a picture in

your notes) What are the names of the two places

that the Earth receives the most direct sunlight?

What happens when the North Pole is pointed at the Sun? Which Hemisphere is enjoying the Summer weather?– If the South Pole is pointed at the

sun, the reverse. What are the Summer and Winter

Solstices? At what date do they occur? What are the Spring and Fall

Equinoxes? At what date do they occur?

The lengths of day and night are nearly equal everywhere on earth.

• No it sits at a 23 degree tilt

•Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

•The Northern Hemisphere has longer and warmer days. The Northern Hemisphere

•When the Sun appears directly over both cancers. June 21 and December 21

• The Sun, at noon are directly over the equator. March 21 and September 23.

Weather and ClimateWeather and ClimateLatitude: Latitude: Lines of Latitude are used to divide the world into zones.Lines of Latitude are used to divide the world into zones.

Tropical Zones = Tropical Zones = – Hot year-roundHot year-round

Temperate Zones =Temperate Zones =– Cooler than the Cooler than the

tropics and have a tropics and have a wide range of wide range of temperatures.temperatures.

Polar Zones = Polar Zones = – Always cool, and bitterly Always cool, and bitterly

cold.cold.

Low-latitude zones Low-latitude zones reaching 23 degrees reaching 23 degrees N & S of the EquatorN & S of the Equator

Middle Latitudes that Middle Latitudes that extend from 23 extend from 23 degrees N to 66 degrees N to 66 degrees N and from degrees N and from 23 degrees S to 66 23 degrees S to 66 degrees Sdegrees S

High Latitudes from High Latitudes from 66 degrees N and S 66 degrees N and S to the poles.to the poles.

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es2103/es2103page01.cfm?chapter_no=21

Climate ZonesClimate Zones

Sun’s Heat Sun’s Heat

ConvectioConvection: n:

Air =Air =

Water =Water =

Heat is distributed by a Heat is distributed by a process called convection.process called convection.

The transfer of heat from The transfer of heat from one place to another.one place to another.– Convection takes place in Convection takes place in

both air and water.both air and water. WindsWinds

– Warm air and water move Warm air and water move from the equator toward the from the equator toward the poles.poles.

CurrentsCurrents– Cool air and water move Cool air and water move

from the poles toward the from the poles toward the equator.equator.

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

WindWind– Winds move from areas of high pressure to areas of low Winds move from areas of high pressure to areas of low

pressure.pressure.– Wind redistributes the sun’s heat over the earth’s surface.Wind redistributes the sun’s heat over the earth’s surface.– If the world were still, the winds would blow straight.If the world were still, the winds would blow straight.– Since the earth is rotating, the movement of winds deflects, Since the earth is rotating, the movement of winds deflects,

or bends = Coriolis Effect.or bends = Coriolis Effect.– In the Northern Hemisphere, winds curve to the right.In the Northern Hemisphere, winds curve to the right.– In the Southern Hemisphere, winds curve to the left.In the Southern Hemisphere, winds curve to the left.

http://www.ambientweather.com/cuunstwimap.html

Precipitation-Precipitation-Any form of water Any form of water that falls to the earththat falls to the earth

ConvectionalConvectional

-when warm air rises -when warm air rises and coolsand cools– -ex: Thunderstorms and -ex: Thunderstorms and

tornadoestornadoes

OrographicOrographic

when warm air is when warm air is forced upwards because forced upwards because of a mountainof a mountain

FrontalFrontal

When pockets of cold When pockets of cold air go under warm air- air go under warm air- – Type Found in San Type Found in San

DiegoDiego