We Produce the Future Maj Houston “Buck” Hodgkinson 32STUS FltCC MC-130H Pilot The Full-Range...

We Produce the Future

Maj Houston “Buck” Hodgkinson32STUS FltCCMC-130H Pilot

The Full-Range The Full-Range Leadership Model Leadership Model

(FRLM)(FRLM)An Adaptive Approach to LeadershipAn Adaptive Approach to Leadership

2The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force

Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace

Overview

• Unique Leadership Challenges in the Military• Full-Range Leadership Model (FRLM)

– Transformational– Transactional– Laissez-Faire

• Putting the FRLM to Work for You• Summary

Develop America's Airmen Today ... for Tomorrow



“Leadership is the art and science of influencing and directing people to accomplish the assigned mission.”

Ch 1, Pg 1




Unique Importance to Military




Unique Importance to Military

“Strange as it sounds, great leaders gain authority by giving it away."

James B. StockdaleVice Admiral USN

1947-1979

“Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.” Dwight Eisenhower 34th US President

1953-1961




How to teach “Leadership?”

"Leadership cannot really be taught. It can only be learned." Harold Geneen (ITT)

• Simple definition; complex topic

• Need a common framework for discussion / analysis

• Full-Range Leadership Model




The Full-Range Leadership Model

Contingent R

eward

Laissez-Faire

Transactional Transformational

Idealized Influence

Inspirational Motivation

Intellectual Stim

ulation

Individual Consideration

Managem

ent by Exception

Hands-O

ff Leadership

Contingent R

eward




Henry VHenry V1386-14221386-1422




Transformational Leadership

TransformationalIndividual

ConsiderationIntellectual Stimulation


IdealizedInfluence

Transformational leadership involves inspiring followers to commit to a shared vision and goals for

an organization or unit, challenging them to be innovative problem solvers, and developing followers’

leadership capacity via coaching, mentoring, and provision of both challenge and support

Bass and Riggio, Transformational Leadership, 2006

ART




Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte Bonaparte

1769-18211769-1821

“Manager of Violence”

Victories

Siege of Toulon (1793)13 Vendémiaire (1795)Montenotte (1796)Second Dego (1796)

Mondovì (1796)Lodi (1796)Lonato (1796)Castiglione (1796)Bassano (1796)Rovereto (1796)

Bridge of Arcole (1796)Rivoli (1797)Mantua (1796-1797)Chobrakit (1798)Pyramids (1798)

El Arish (1799)Jaffa (1799)Mount Tabor (1799)Abukir (1799)Marengo (1800)Ulm (1805)

Austerlitz (1805)Jena-Auerstedt (1806)Poland Uprising (1806)Eylau (1807)

Friedland (1807)Somosierra (1808)Teugn-Hausen (1809)Abensberg (1809)Landshut (1809)

Eckmühl (1809)Wagram (1809)Smolensk (1812)Borodino (1812)Berezina (1812)

Lützen (1813)Bautzen (1813)Dresden (1813)Hanau (1813)Brienne (1814)Champaubert (1814)

Montmirail (1814)Château-Thierry (1814)Vauchamps (1814)Mormans (1814)

Montereau (1814)Craonne (1814)Rheims (1814)Saint-Dizier (1814)Ligny (1815)

Defeats

Caldiero (1796)Second Bassano (1796)Acre (1799)Aspern-Essling (1809)

Krasnoi (1812)Leipzig (1813)La Rothière (1814)Laon (1814)Waterloo (1815)




"A soldier will fight long and hard for a bit of colored ribbon"

"With a handful of ribbons I can conquer all of Europe"




Transactional Leadership

TransactionalManagement by Exception

PassiveManagement by Exception

ActiveContingent Reward

Transactional leadership emphasizes the transaction or exchange that takes place among leaders,

colleagues, and followers. This exchange is based on the leader discussing with others what is required and

specifying the conditions and rewards these others will receive if they fulfill those requirements.

Bass and Riggio, Transformational Leadership, 2006

SCIENCE




Battle of Naseby14 June 1645

Battle of Preston17-19 Aug 1648

King Charles I of England19 Nov 1600 – 30 Jan 1649




Laissez-Faire

Laissez-faire leadership is not really leadership at all

Laissez-Faire leadership is the avoidance or absence of leadership and is, by definition, most inactive, as well as most ineffective according to almost all research on the style. As opposed to transactional leadership laissez-

faire represents a nontransaction. Necessary decisions are not made. Actions are delayed. Responsibilities of

leadership are ignored. Authority remains unused.

Bass and Riggio, Transformational Leadership, 2006RECESS




Putting it Together…

Laissez-Faire


Idealized InfluenceInspirational Motivation

Intellectual StimulationIndividual C

onsideratio

n

Contingent RewardManagement by Exception

Hands-Off Leadership




Lt John Chard21 Dec 1847- 1 Nov 1897




Laissez-Faire


Management by Exception (MBE)



onsideratio

n

Contingent RewardM

gt by E

xception


• Monitoring performance and taking corrective action as necessary

• Setting standards and monitoring deviations from these standards




Shaka Zulu1787-1828 Battle of Isandhlwana

22 January 1879




Laissez-Faire


Contingent Reward



onsideratio

n

Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception


• Leadership behaviors focused on exchange of resources

• Leaders provide tangible or intangible support and resources to followers in exchange for their efforts and performance




Attila the Hun406-453

“Chieftains should never misuse power. Such action causes great friction and leads to rebellion in the tribe.”




Laissez-Faire




Intellectual Stimulation


Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception


• Leaders recognize the unique growth and development needs of followers

• Leaders coach followers and consult with them




ColRoland Guidry

Operation Eagle Claw24 Apr 80




Laissez-Faire




Intellectual Stim

ulation


Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception


• Leaders challenge organizational norms, encourage divergent thinking

• Leaders push followers to develop innovative strategies




We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;For he to-day that sheds his blood with meShall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile,This day shall gentle his condition:And gentlemen in England now a-bedShall think themselves accursed they were not here,And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaksThat fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day.

Henry VHenry V1386-14221386-1422




Laissez-Faire



Idealized Influence

Inspirational M

otivation



Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception


• Leaders who build confidence, and inspire using symbolic elements and persuasive language

• Leaders who have a strong vision for the future based on values and ideals




Marshal Michel Ney

Kovono Bridge, 13 December 1812“The Bravest of the Brave”




Laissez-Faire


Idealized InfluenceIdealized Influence




Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception


• Leaders have high standards of moral and ethical conduct

• Leaders held in high personal regard and engender loyalty from followers




26-27 February199126-27 February1991

Saddam Hussein1937-2006

“The mother of all battles has begun.”

"Our initial assessment is that they will all die"




Laissez-Faire


Hands-Off LeadershipIdealized Influence




Contingent R

eward

Managem

ent by Exception

Hand

s-Off L

eadership

• Absence of Leadership

• Unaware of subordinates’ performance

• Indecisive and/or uninvolved




The Full-Range Leadership Model

Contingent R

eward

Laissez-Faire


Idealized Influence




Managem

ent by Exception

Hands-O

ff Leadership

How to use it….

Contingent R

eward




Laissez-Faire


Idealized Influence




Managem

ent by Exception

Hands-O

ff Leadership

Putting the FRLM to Work…

Contingent R

eward

Another approach…




Adaptive!

Laissez-Faire

Transactional TransformationalIdealized Influence


Intellectual Stim

ulation


Managem

ent by Exception

Hands-O

ff Leadership

Contingent R

eward




Summary

• What is leadership?• FRLM a means for

‒ Identifying various leadership styles‒ Strengthening leadership skills in specific areas

• PME develops Transactional and Transformational Leadership

• Adaptive leadership the key to success

We Produce the Future

Thank youThank you



Fly – Fight – Win in Air, Space, and Cyberspace 46

The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force

We Produce the Future…

One Student at a Time

One Faculty Member at a Time

One Idea at a Time

We Produce the Future Maj Houston “Buck” Hodgkinson 32STUS FltCC MC-130H Pilot The Full-Range...

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