We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness 1 Hurricane Katrina and the DoD Response “The...

We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness 1

Hurricane Katrina

and the DoD Response

“The Department of Defense’s response to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina was the largest military deployment within the United States since the Civil War.”

- Paul McHale Asst. Secretary of Defense for

Homeland Defense

We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness

Katrina Info

• Hurricane Katrina– Landfall: 0610 CST August 29, 2005– CAT 3: with sustained winds of 125kts– Hurricane force winds extended out 120nm from center– Storm force winds 230nm from center– Accompanying storm surge in excess of 30ft– Rain fall: 8-10in

• Effected area: 93,000 sq miles along the Gulf Coast FL to LA• Damage

– 53 levees breached flooding 80% of New Orleans– $105 Billion in property damage– Displaced 770,000 people

• Confirmed Deaths: 1,838– LA: 1,577 MS: 238 AL: 2 FL: 14 GA: 2 KY: 1 OH: 2

• Categorized as Missing in LA: 135

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Timeline

• Wednesday, 24 August (TS)– NORTHCOM issues first Warning Order to Regional Emergency Preparedness Officers,

State Emergency Preparedness Officers and Senior Army Advisors (NG)

• Friday, 26 August (CAT 2)– Governor Blanco declared LA State of Emergency

• Saturday, 27 August (CAT 3)– Governor Barbour declared MS State of Emergency– President Bush declared LA and MS State of Emergency– NORTHCOM began to deploy forward elements of what would become JTF-Katrina

• Monday, 29 August (CAT 4-CAT 3)– Katrina makes landfall (CAT 3, 125kts)– Federal declaration of emergency

• Tuesday, 30 August (TS)– JTF-Katrina activated – LT GEN Russell Honoré– Night fall levees breached and flooding ensues– DHS Declared Katrina an Incident of National Significance

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Timeline

• Wednesday, 31 August– National Guard: 10,000 LA, MS, AL, FL– Navy: 7 ships staged or en route (6,000 personnel)

• Thursday, 1 September– National Guard: 13,000 LA, MS, AL, FL

• 4,700 in LA; 2,400 in MS

– Navy: USS Harry S. Truman and USS Whidbey Island prep for departure

• Friday, 2 September– National Guard: 22,000 LA, MS, AL, FL

• 6,500 in New Orleans

– Army Corp of Engineers: 400 on site in New Orleans – Navy: USS Truman and USS Whidbey en route to Gulf Coast; USS Bataan and HSV2

Swift providing support off Gulf coastline; USS Comfort en route Navy Bureau of Medicine has contributed 85 personnel

– Air Force: Helicopters: 35; Fixed Wing: C-5 Galaxy, C-17 Globemaster III, C-141 Starlifter,C-130 Hercules, U-2 Dragon

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Timeline

• Saturday, 3 September 2005– President orders 7,000 additional troops deployed

• Monday, 5 September 2005 – National Guard: 38,000– Active Duty Forces: 13,000 – Navy: 7,000 personnel operating off 21 naval vessels– DoD, USCG and NG: 300 helicopters, 38 fixed wing

• Wednesday, 7 September 2005 – National Guard: 41,000– Active duty: 17,000 (from 82nd Airborne, 1st Cavalry, and 1 and 2 MEF) – Navy: 7,000 personnel operating off 21 naval vessels– Coast Guard: 4,000 – DoD, USCG and NG: 350 helicopters, 75 fixed wing– 300,000 National Guard soldiers and airmen available for relief and security efforts in the

United States

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Military Response to Domestic Emergencies

• Post 9/11 Pres. Bush issued HSPD-5 directing:– “The ability of the US to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single

comprehensive national incident management system”

• HSPD-5 designated Secretary of Homeland Security as the principal Federal official for domestic incidents of national significance and resulted in the establishment of NIMS and eventually the NRP

• NIMS calls for a system approach to integrate existing processes and methods into a unified national framework for incident management

• Built upon NIMS, the NRP provides Federal support to state , local and tribal authorities for specific Incidents of National Significance.– This plan is built upon the preface that local and state resources (police/fire/medical) are

generally the first responders

• The NRP allows the Federal government to provide assistance upon request from a governor when it becomes clear the state capabilities will be insufficient or have been exceeded.

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Military Response to Domestic Emergencies

• NRP recognizes that the governor is the CINC for state National Guard assets in a Title 32 status.

• NRP also recognizes the DoD has significant Title 10 forces and resources that can be called upon when directed by the President

• Two distinct chain of commands– One for federal troops– One for National Guard troops under state command

• During Katrina– 50K National Guardsmen (Title 32) under command of their respective Gov – 20K Active Duty (Title 10) under command of JTF-Katrina

• This dual chain of command resulted in a failure of unity of effort between different forces

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Factors that effected DoD Response

• Despite the massive response, many factors hampered the military’s ability to gain SA, effectively organize and execute response efforts.

– Damage Assessments: NRP states that state and local governments are responsible for conducting initial damage assessments

• Due the the catastrophic event, these assets were unavailable• DoD did provide reconnaissance imagery, but due to sensitive nature minimal was provided to state gov

– Communication: Local Communication networks destroyed or degraded• Contributing factor for lack of SA• DHS has the responsibility for coordinating communications during a natural disaster. But the DoD’s massive

communication capability had not been previously identified • Ineffective interoperability between civilian and government agencies• States overwhelmed, requests were slow, military assets underutilized

– Lack of integrated Command and Control• NORTHCOM JTF-Katrina: Active duty and reserve forces• Governors controlled National Guard assets via their respective TAGs• Many of the force flow decisions and integration efforts were ad hoc, hampering efforts

– Search and Rescue plans not coordinated

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Successes

• DoD support invaluable during SAR• Active duty personnel helped LANG and the NOPD

control crowds during the evacuation of the Superdome, maintain law and order in the streets and eventually conduct secondary searches

• DoD took over FEMA’s logistic function• DoD establishment of communications

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Outcome

• 1.2 million people evacuated prior to landfall• 80,000 evacuated post landfall• 56,000 people rescued after landfall• 250,000 emergency shelters provided• 3.9 million MREs delivered• 39 million lbs of ice• 54 million gallons of water• 900+ SAR missions• 1,995 flight hours logged

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DoD Post Katrina Initiatives

• DoD has assigned a DCO to each of the 10 FEMA/DHS regional offices

• NORTHCOM has revised Contingency Plan 2501 for DSCA and is developing a reconnaissance annex that will enhance damage assessments

• Increased focus on effect-based planning and exercises for DoD and DHS

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“Katrina broke the disaster response mold and forced us to think of new ways to deal with major catastrophes such as this.”

- LT. GEN. Russell L. Honoré (U.S. Army, Ret)

Commander, JTF-Katrina

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Questions ?

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DOD PreparationsFri Tues Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon Tues19Aug 24Aug 25Aug 26Aug 27Aug 28Aug 29Aug 30Aug 31Aug 1Sep 2Sep 3Sep 4Sep 5Sep 6Sep

Recovery

Gulf Region Hurricane Avoidance

T.D. T.S. CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 5 CAT 4

Civil Support preparations, plans, and reassessments

Landfall

SECDEF direction- NORTHCOM to provide DoD support to FEMA

CJCS EXECUTE ORDER DOD Support to FEMA (preps)- Domestic Disaster Response ops as a result to severe weather in FEMA regions I-IV and VI

NORTHCOMWARNORD- BPT to provide defense support of civil authorities

NORTHCOMEXECUTE ORDER - Anticipate effects will exceed state & local emergency services

MobilePensacolaPanama CityPorts Open

Levee breach patched, dewatering begins

Gulfport / Pascagoula Ports partially opened

Ships sortie

Regions/installations make preps

Civil Support Rescue & Relief

JTF KatrinaEstablished(LTG Honore)

SeabeesUSS BATAANHSV SWIFT

JFMCC KatrinaEstablished(RDML Kilkenny)

Mag

nit

ud

e o

f E

ffort

Ships / craft / boats

Helos / Aircraft Staging Areas / APODs

Supplies (Food/Water)

Units / Personnel

EMed Teams

Survey ships / Divers

Coordination (NORTHCOM / CNO / CFFC)

Coordination (USN / USCG / USMC)

JTF-FWDdeploys

We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness15

T.S. (in Bahamas) Tuesday23AUG05

CAT 1 (in Florida)Thursday25AUG05

CAT 3 HurricaneSaturday27AUG05

CAT 2 (in Gulf)Friday26AUG05

CAT 5 HurricaneSunday28AUG05

NORTHCOMEXECUTE ORDER - Anticipate effects will exceed state & local emergency services

NAS Meridian - Designated an

Operational Staging Area (FEMA)

Gulf Coast Bases- placed in

highest state of readiness – essential personnel only

COMSECONDFLT- develops

BATAAN, ARG and HSV SWIFT Humanitarian Assistance plan

Preparations

SECDEF direction- NORTHCOM to provide DoD support to FEMA

CJCS EXECUTE ORDER DOD Support to FEMA (preps)- Domestic Disaster Response ops as a result to severe weather in FEMA regions I-IV and VI

NORTHCOMWARNING ORDER – BPT to provide defense support of civil authorities

Gulf Coast Region-making preparations for Hurricane

JS requests JFCOM provide helos to transport FEMA/State/Local personnel for damage assessment – 2 x H-60 and 3 x MH-53 onboard USS BATAAN are prepped

USNS COMFORT- Starts making

preps to get U/W from Baltimore, MD

T.D. (in Atlantic) Friday19AUG05


JTF Katrina established- LTG Honore

NAS New Orleans- Activated as home

for displaced persons and airfield.

USS BATAAN• Arrives JOA• Directed by C2F to

work w/USCG. - Rescue ops

commence (vicinity New Orleans)

- TACON of DOD air assets assigned to JTF-Katrina

HSV SWIFT- Load stores to

resupply

USS GRAPPLE- U/W from Norfolk,

VA

USS HS TRUMAN, IWO JIMA, TORTUGA, SHREVEPORT- verbal orders to deploy

USS IWO JIMA, TORTUGA SHREVEPORT- Deploy from Norfolk

Naval Air- CH- 53s -

Sandbags on levee breaches

- E-2Cs – Air traffic control over JOA

- P-3 – streaming video msn to assess damage

NMCB- Survey teams

arrive Gulfport- 200 pax deploy

from PACOM

USS BATAAN- Medical

augmentees arrive onboard (84 pax)

USNS COMFORT- Deploys from

Baltimore

Navy MCMs- U/W for survey

ops

Landfall +1Tuesday30 AUG 05

Landfall +2Wednesday31 AUG 05

Landfall +3Thursday01 SEP 05

Landfall +4Friday02 SEP 05

Landfall … and aftermathLandfallMonday29 AUG 05

JTF Katrina activated

JFMCC-Katrina est. - RDML Kilkenny arr

P-cola w/11 pers- RADM Bookert (TF

Cdr at Sea) arr P-cola w/11 pers

Naval Air - Mayport based helos and Norfolk based E-2Cs move to P-cola

Naval Security Force- 50 personnel depart

for NSA New Orleans

USS IWO JIMAUSS TORTUGAUSS SHREVEPORT- deployed from

Norfolk

CNO directed Navy-wide personnel muster (CFFC lead)

NMCB 4- 125 pax arrive

Gulfport

All operations in and around general Gulf Region stopped- Land, Sea, Air

USS BATAAN - On loads helos and

ordered to vicinity of NOLA

USNS COMFORT & HSV SWIFT- Prepare to deploy

orders

USS HS TRUMAN,USS WHIDBEY ISLAND, USS GRAPPLE - Underway Norfolk enroute JOA

TF Cdr (at Sea)- RADM Bookert/11 persembarks USS BATAAN

NAS PENSACOLA- Jacksonville and

North Island based helos arrive

- 8 x C-2 provide logistics

USNS BELLATRIX, ALTAIR, PILILAAU, BOB HOPE, ARGOL• Continue transit to

JOA

USNS COMFORT- ordered to deploy

USNS ARCTIC- Arrive IVO NOLA

SEALOGLANT Survey Ship- Prepare to deploy


Aftermath

Landfall +6Sunday04 SEP 05

Landfall +7Monday05 SEP 05

Landfall +8Tuesday06 SEP 05

Landfall +9Wednesday07 SEP 05

Landfall +5Saturday03 SEP 05

USS IWO JIMA, TORTUGA, SHREVEPORT, HARRY S TRUMAN- Arrive JOA

Naval Security Force- 50 pers arrive

JRB New Orleans

Navy Construction Battalion (NMCB 40)- arrives Gulfport

with 265 pers

Port Clearance Ops- Success: USNS

ALTAIR arrives pierside NOLA

HSV SWIFT shuttle utilized since overland stores transports to NOLA ships / activities not able to support volume required

USS IWO JIMA - Pierside New

Orleans- JTF Forward

location

Navy Construction Battalion- NMCB 4 arrives

Gulfport with 125 personnel

MCMs commence survey ops - Biloxi, NOLA,

Gulfport

USS BATAAN- Providing medical

care to Biloxi HS evacuee center (800 evacuees)

NMCBs- Conducting door-to-

door searches in Gulfport; structural repair support

CJCS EXORD 12-05- USNS COMFORT

provide 750 add’l beds

USS GRAPPLE - Commenced

Salvage operations / channel clearing in Pascagoula

USS SCOUTUSS DEFENDERUSS GLADIATOR- Continue underwater surveys

- NAVSPECWARCOM

- Riverine support requested

USS SHREVEPORT- Pier side New

Orleans

Navy Divers- Continue supporting

port clearing operations

Eight Navy Ships - Inport Gulf States providing C.S.

Five Navy Ships• Survey /

Salvage operations ongoing

NMCB - continue C.S.

ground efforts- Start

construction of Tent City in New Orleans West Bank facility

USNS COMFORT- arr Mayport to

load Emeds/supplies for 1000 beds (+750)

VAW-123- Rotary wind

staging area - Pensacola

NMCB- CBMU 202 arrives

Gulfport with 161 personnel

- Fully supports JTF

USS TORTUGA- Pierside New Orleans;

provides hotel services for JTF-Katrina

- Supporting security force and SAR (20CRCs) in New Orleans

USS IWO JIMA- Conducts ship-to-shore

movements IVO Gulfport to support USMC Air Ground Task Force

USNS POLLUX and ALTAIR- Pierside NOLA; providing

water (200gal/hr)

NAS New Orleans / NAVSTA Pascagoula- Partially supports JTF

SEALs- SDVT-2 arrives NOLA to

conduct rescue ops

- Levee breaches patched, dewatering begins


• During domestic disaster response the Federal government plays a supporting role

• DoD supports the lead agency (DHS/FEMA) and expects to assist local authorities

• State and local governments are best positioned to understand the needs of their citizens and respond quickly

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