We Are the Face of Oaxaca by Lynn Stephen

7/30/2019 We Are the Face of Oaxaca by Lynn Stephen

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we are the face of

t e s t i m o n y a n d s o c i a l m o v e m e n t s

l y n n s t e p h e n

o a x a c a


2/54

Lynn Stephen

F F x

im a Sia vm

Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2013


3/54

2013 U

All d

d Ud S A d- pp

d d p b Jl Alld, W&A , I., C d T S

b C Cl--bl

Sp, .

W Ox : d l / Sp.

p

Ild bblpl d dx.

isBn 978-0-8223-5519-9 (l : l. pp)

isBn 978-0-8223-5534-2 (pb. : l. pp)1. Sl MxOx (S)

2. Ol MxOx (S)

3. Abl pl d l bl d Ox. I. Tl.

hn120.029.s74 2013

303.484097274d23

2013012815

C pp b ll


4/54

contents

Mp, Ill, d Vdlp vii

A d Abb xi

Ab Wb xv

Awld xvii

1 T: H R, d Sl M 1

2 H d M: Ad Sl M

2006 36

3 T E aPPo d 2006 Ox Sl

M 66

4 T d H R Vl Ox 95

5 C d Id Rd Ox: T

d p 121

6 T W T Md Ox: Gdd R

Sp d Hd 145

7 T E d l C: p Ox

A, M, d Ow 178

8 Id A: T Tq A Mpl, aPPo

Jxl, d Tbd O aPPo-.A. 209

9 F d A d A: Y O

Ox 245

Cl 276

N 289

R 303

Idx 323


5/54

vii

MAps, IllustrAtIons, And VIdeoclIps

Maps

1.1 Ox, Mx 2

1.2 l Ox d x 3

1.3 Cl Ox l d x 4

1.4 Jxl d Hp d d Mx

Ox 5

Illustrations

All pp b l w pd

p.

3.1 aPPo p T Al Cll 83

4.1 R, El, d J Gbl 102

4.2 R 102

4.3 El 102

4.4 J Gbl 102

6.1 S w p cor-tv 150

6.2 F Gp! (Sp O!) 159

7.1 A R d 183

8.1 Tq w Jxl 221

8.2 aPPo-.A. , 2006 235

8.3 ioB pp aPPo-.A. 235

8.4 Y pl aPPod 238

9.1 casota p A Fl S 255

9.2 bd d Exp!, b Adl Mx 258

9.3 Sl Gl d w 259

9.4 Resiste, voz libre del pueblo, b Fd Ol 259

9.5 Resiste, b 260


6/54

viii MAps, IllustrAtIons, And VIdeoclIps

9.6 asaro tapete PP 261

9.7 N Expld , b 262

9.8 Ed p l dl b, b I 263

9.9 Mujer calavera, Td l pd l pbl, b 265

9.10 Mujer calavera, N ld, b 265

9.11 Mlb bx / ll p, b I 267

9.12 El Heces Ruiz (The Feces Ruiz): the innocent, the autocrat, the thief,

the murderer, the pimp 268

9.13 V d l d b asaro, 2012 270

9.14 El S N aPPo w b d S

M 273

Videoclips

2.1. Rl d l , ld w,

d, d l 40

3.1 T Gl pl, 2006 67

3.2 aPPo d -pd d

l , 2006 68

4.1 R A pd , 2007 100

4.2 R G S pd , 2007 101

4.3 Y S M pd , 2007 102

4.4 V A pd , 2007 1044.5 J Gbl R pd , 2007 106

4.6 El pd , 2007 107

6.1 C N d cor-tv 147

6.2 W p p d cor-tv p d

b dl Tlxl 151

6.3 J db xp w w

d d,

Cdd d M d Ox, como 152

6.4 J R d p d 2006 1626.5 Rb Ol d p d d

d 2006 163

7.1 M C C d p 2006 l

191

7.2 Fd M d xp d

uaBjo, 2006 192

8.1 F Al d pp aPPo, 2006 217


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MAps, IllustrAtIons, And VIdeoclIps ix

8.2 Cl Mldd d aPPo

Jxl, 2006 219

8.3 A R Md db xp p

ll Hp d d Jxl, 2006 220

8.4 Jl Vll R d d pll

aPPo Jxl d

p Jxl ll 222

8.5 Gp R-Sld db d

aPPo Al 235

8.6 Odl R d p aPPo Al

Ox l .A. 237

9.1 M G db asaro 257

9.2 Id F O d pp asaro d

d p p 262

9.3 C C l b licuadora visual (l

bld) 266

9.4 Gp d asaro b d C C

db pp w asaro 271


8/54

xi

AcronyMs And AbbreVIAtIons

aPPo Abl pl d l bl d Ox (pl

Abl pl Ox)

asaro Abl d A Rl d Ox (Abl

Rl A Ox)

cactus C d Ap C Tbd Ud, a.c. (C

C Spp W T)

casota C A Sld Oxq d Tb A

(A Ox H Spp Sl-Md W)

cci Cl Cp Idpd (Idpd

Cl)

ccioDh C Cl Il d Ob p l

H (Il Cl C Ob

H R)

cDDho C d H d Ox (Ox H

R C)

cDi C Nl p l ll d l bl Id

d Mx (Nl C lp

Id pl Mx)

ciPo-rm C Id pl d Ox Rd Fl M(Cl Ox Rd Fl M)

cnc Cd Nl Cp (Nl

Cd)

cnDh C Nl d H (Nl

C H R)

cnPa Cdd Nl l d Al (Nl Cd

l d Al)


9/54

xii AcronyMs And AbbreVIAtIons

cnte Cdd Nl d Tbd d l Ed

(Nl Cl Ed W)

cocei Cl Ob Cp Edl dl I d

Tp (I Cl W, , d

Sd)

coceo Cl Ob Cp Edl d Ox (W,

, Sd Cl Ox)

coDemo Cdd dl M (

Cl T)

como Cdd d M d Ox (Cd C

W Ox)

cor-tv Cp Oxq d Rd Tl (Ox

Cp Rd d Tl)

DDhPo d l H dl bl d Ox

(Of H R pl

Ox)

ePr El E pl Rl (Rl pl

A)

ezLn E Zp d b Nl (Zp A

Nl b)

ioB F Id d O l (l

F Id O) Pcr F pl C l Rp (pl F

Rp)

ucuPo F C d O d (C M

d O)

iago I d A G (I Gp A)

ieePo I El d Ed bl d Ox (S

I bl Ed Ox)

ie I Fdl Ell (Fdl Ell I)

ini I Nl Id (Nl Id I)

Lasa A Sd A

dd Mx p l d l H

(Mx H R)

muLt M d U Tq (M

Tq U d Sl)

muLti M U Tq Idpd

(Idpd M Tq U d Sl)


10/54


11/54

xv

About the WebsIte

We are the Face of Oaxaca b dd w l dl

p wb d p://

x..d. T wb w-x d

ppl w w wd b d dd pp,

p, d d. S 1 wb, R H O-

x, d Ox lll d ld d-

b . S 2, Tl 2006 Sl

M, d lp d b -

l d l xp w w p -

. S 37 (H R Vl Ox, Md, Gd,d Id Rd, E d l C, Id

A Mx d Tll, d Y O d A)

dl ld p p x b.

p 2 b, bddd l d-

l wb pd p x. I w-

lll, d l b l d b

w x. T l wll d dl dl

w b d , pp, p.

F xpl, p 9, db ll w Abl d A Rl d Ox

(Abl Rl A Ox, asaro), d l

l lbld

VIdeoclIp 9.1:p://dx.d./10.7264/N3R72JW

d b d M G db w asaro

d d ll d.


12/54

xvi About the WebsIte

I d p wb d-l

pl, pl wb d

l b w ld d , d, p,

d pp. T wb bll Sp d El. T wb-

pll l pd d, b, d

w d , d, d pp

ppl pld b.


13/54

xvii

Acknowledgments

Wh I rrvd Ox Cty th sr 2006 wth svr

gs r th Uvrsty Org, I dd t g tht

sx yrs tr I wd b wrtg kwdgts r bk bt s-

vt tht trsrd th ty d y t. I grt-

t th Ctr r th tdy W ty t th Uvrsty

Org d t y gs Gbr Mrtz, th Wd, As

Tyr, d Jdth Ms r d t srt drg th

sr 2006 d trwrd rtd t ths rjt d r. I hd wth

y tw ss, Gbr d Js, wh wr sx d rt. W hd vr

shrd sh ts xr s vg Ox drg th sr 2006. Th tshr ws tr wth h, r, jy, sdss, v,

rrss, d zg ts rg, hty, d rt t

.

I hv st rt vry yr r th st twty-v yrs Ox,

t wth y hdr d y rtr, E Hr. I grt r r

g-stdg ty rds d drs d r hdrs -

thr, Ajdr d Av, wh hv shrd thr vs wth s d d

thr hrts d hs. Wtht ths ty Ox, I d t bv

ths bk wd hv b wrtt. I th rss wrkg ths bkd th wbst tht rdd, y ty rds grw h rgr.

I rst wt t thk th r th ghty d w wh sk

wth , y t ss, d wh grd t b dtd

d vdtd. I t kwdg th hr, s s dd t wt

t hv thr dtts rvd, bt srrsg br dd, d thr

s r th htrs tht w. r Arg Prz, th Gz-

hz, d thr xtdd s wr xtry h d -

rtt shg ths rjt s w s rvdg r ts.


14/54


15/54


16/54

xx Acknowledgments

sbbt yr drg 2011 d 2012, whh wd t wrt. I wt t

rtry thk th d th Cg Arts d , tt C-

tr, r hs gg rgt, srt, d trst y rsrh.

A grs wsh r th Ctr r U..-Mx tds, whr

I ws rsd r tbr 2011 thrgh J 2012, d t ssbr t t ths bk. Th drtr th Ctr, Abrt Dz Cy-

rs, d y gs thr, Dy Zbrvr, My kw, Mr T-

rs rr, Cd drgz, Ms drgz, Htr Tjr, d Jvr

Lz, rvdd rdsh, rtt sggsts r rvg y -

srt, d vb tt s r xhg thrgh r wrtg

gr d thr tvts. Grg Mgr ws -rd wdr r-

s wh hd wth y drt thgs rt t y rsdy

t th Ctr. Jst Lvtt rvdd rtt bs tts r th s

sd hr, whh wr shd by Grg Chkvtdz. Jy Qqdh,

g wth thr brs th hr w sg , ws wdr rd

wh rvdd rgt d jy.

Cgs t thr vrsts rvdd rtt rtts r

t shr y wrk tks d vrsts tht wr r t bg

b t wrt d sh th srt. I thk th wg dvds

d sttts r vtts t gv tks bt y rsrh rtd t

ths rjt: T hr, th rzr Uvrsty Lt Ar

tds tdt U d Lt Ar tds Prgr, th Uvrsty rtsh Cb Lt Ar tds Prgr, d cipo-Vvr;

Mrs d Cd d th Hshr Isttt th Ars, U-

vrsty Cr, Dvs; Ty Lr d Mr E Gr d th

Lt Ar tds Prgr t th Uvrsty Wshgt; Ar

H-P d Os d th srh Ctr r Ldr-

sh At, Nw Yrk Uvrsty; Ptr Zv, Jth x, d

th Ch/Lt srh Ctr t th Uvrsty Cr, t

Crz; Ezbth Kzs d th Ctr Lt Ar tds t th

Uvrsty Kss; Drthy Hdgs d th Isttt r srh W t tgrs Uvrsty; Igrd Ks d th Lt Ar I-

sttt t th r Uvrstt r; Edgr Tds d th rr

Prt d Estds Chs y d rtrs t th Uvrsdd N-

At d Mx (unam); Artr Esbr, P Ls, L Prz,

d th Drtt Athrgy d th Isttt r th tdy th

Ars t th Uvrsty Nrth Cr t Ch H; Crst Oh-

h, Hr s, d th Isttt d Ivstgs Atrgs


17/54

Acknowledgments xxi

th unam; Jrg Vrgs d th h Lw t th Uvrsty

Dg; h dr, Ad Hrdz Cst, d Nt d Mrs t

cieSaS, Mx Cty; Ny Pstr d th Athrgy Drtt t

th Uvrsty Cr, Dg; d Prz d th Ctr

r Lt Ar tds t Dg tt Uvrsty.I grty kwdg rss r Lt Ar Prstvs

d g Pbts t rrt rts Tsty d H ghts V-

ts Ox, Latin American Perspectives 38(6): 5268, Nvbr

2011; t Crtq Athrgy d g Pbts t rrt rts

Kr rdk d th tdy Mvts: Lsss r th

Mvt Ox, Mx, Critique o Anthropology30(1) (2010): 129;

t th Uvrsty Psyv r rss t rrt rts Th

ghts t k d t Hrd: Ws Itrrtts ghts Ds-

rss th Ox Mvt, Gender at the Limits o Rights,

d. Drthy Hdgs (Phdh: Uvrsty Psyv Prss, 2011),

16179; t Lt Ar d Crbb tds (laceS) r rss

t rrt rts Idgs Trsbrdr Ctzsh: FioB Ls Ags

d th Ox Mvt 2006, rthg; t Pgrv M-

r rss t rrt rts Tsty Trth Csss

d Mvts Lt Ar, Pushing the Boundaries o Latin

American Testimony: Meta-morphoses and Migrations, d. Ls Dtwr

d J . rkrdg (Nw Yrk: Pgrv M, 2012), 10930;t Nw Yrk Uvrsty Prss r rss t rrt rts Cty

d Idgs d Ox: Tsty d Prttry Dry,

Radio Fields: The Anthropology o Radio in the Twenty-frst Century, d.

Dy shr d Ls ssr (Nw Yrk: Nw Yrk Uvrsty Prss,

2012), 12442.

I wt t xtd s thk y t y dtrs Vr Mhd

d Gs sd t Dk Uvrsty Prss. Ths s th thrd bk I hv

rdd wth Vr, d hr vr-dg thss, srt, rtv-

ty, rdsh, sghts, d v r Mx d Lt Ar r hrtd. Gs rvdd wdr gg srt, dv, d -

rgt, rtry s w vgtd th w th rdg

tr bk vrs wth tgr dgt tt. I grt s t

th tw ys rvwrs whs r rdg th srt d

sght sggsts d th bk bttr.

I thk Ajdr d v r hs gg trst d srt ths

rjt d th v d kwdg h shrs wth r hdr. T y


18/54


19/54


20/54


21/54


22/54

4

Tlalixtac de CabreraOaxaca de Jurez

Tlacolula de MatamorosZaachila

San Bartolo Coyotepec

Santiago Xanica

Santa Cruz Xoxocotln

Miahuatln de Porfirio Daz

Villa Talea de Castro

Teotitln del Valle

Ejutla de Crespo

Santa Catarina QuianCinega de Zimatln

Zimatln de lvarez

San Martn Mexicapn

Arrazola

0

0 10 Km5

10 Mile5

Map 1.3 Cr Ox m h x. DOI: 0.7264/N33R0QR


23/54


24/54

6 chapter 1

r h hr hbrh brr r

hrh h y.

Th mm w m wh r rr. I h r j x

mh (JNmbr ), wy-hr wr k,

hr wr rr mr, r w hr m-

wr wh hm rh mm. S h h

h r hm rh h . Th -

rm rr h Ox mm x-

r r , rr, r m

hrh j , h hr

h . I mr Ox Cy hr

r by mrk rmry y mrk m-

ry h, h r mm r hr wb

y hm ry m r b m,

h hrh by ry r mm r-

b mrh . Th r ry -

Jy h rrh Gb C M

(wh rm ) Ox my r h r r

r m, b hy r x r h h

wy Ox r w wh y, -

my, y.

Th ry wh h Ox bw J N-mbr k q r rm wh w xr by h r-

. I mh k h: I My r r hr

wh b S (L ) h S N Trb-

jr E (N U E Wrkr, snte)

wr r mm wh h rr -

hr -, whr hy r hhr r r

hm br r hhr. Grr U R

Or, wh h b r br wh hm h r yr,

h h w h. H h hr rb r rr hm bk hr rm. I h

r, h hr . I rr k r h h

hr r , h rr

rm h hr rm hr h hr r h y.

Th hr ry r h r h bk. Th wr

rm hm rm h r. I h r, h

ry r- w m byr. Th -

r hr h y. Thr wr my hr w.


25/54

testimony 7

Wh h hr rm h r h y, hy x h

r h byr wh wr w r-. Th

r ymhy r h hr , hy wr b k -

h b wh hr r wh

r wr w r ry brr .

Th hr h w r r kw appo

r h rr r, b hr w r r hm ;

h w bh wrk wh appo h hr.

I , appo y k r b b tv

r , h y, r ry.

R m b k r appo, w ry r

ry r h y h . Thrh h r

wr m h r rm r h m w h

. Ar Amr jr w k Obr ,

bm ry r h r rm h rbm. Thy

h P Fr Pr Fr r h Pr P

(pfp), wh rr rr ry h y.

Wh h ry w wy m Mx -

whr, h ry I m . Rhr, my r hr

h ry h mm xr by h wh

r wr ry by , whhr r hy wr

ry . Wh h h h hhmbr hm rh b, rr, w

h y r rh mm wh

h, h mm h b r. Thr wr

r h wr rr b wh h-

, h hm rh wr rw by Mx Srm

Cr. Wh h r h hr wr hm rh

mm Ox r , h wr h

h wh mm h b. Thr rry O-

x mm, L F I D Tr- S (O I Crm S S) whh

xm h , rr, hm rh mm-

. Hwr, m w r

h b . B mh h k rm

h mr U R Or rm mm h b -

ry, w wh h ry -

r h b mrr, h wrk h F w

w k m . I A , Grr Gb C M-


26/54

8 chapter 1

r h Ox r wh r

rh mm whh w hm rh mm-

APPO r . A h wr h mm

h y b m b wrk. Th wrk rh mm

b mr my h h rh wh h

h h . I , hwr, k h h

ry r h h bh rh wh h-

h r h hry mmry -

wh h .

I my h mh h kw, xr, h

b h mm q w h

r b wh w mh h m rh

m rrm. Or my w br w, r-

h hr mmr wr mm, rr r h-

r wh mx y r r, hy, r, .

My xm hr h r r my hm rh wrk,

L Amr rh mm, mm r mr-

rr q b mmry h wy h hry rh r

r rr. Th rr q h w:

Wh m kr? Wh hry? Wh r

m mmry, hw? Hw w r rr

rh, whhr x, h r , r, r hr, r h rm y mm?

Tl Hu Rg Wk d

L A Tu C

Th r r my h b bry by Shh F-

m Dr Lb rm rr b w h h-

r hry h y r m

brh b by h ( rmb) r m w- (99: x, x; Srkr Wkr : ). S h 9

L Amr rh mm h r m

h r , m, r-

rr h xr m h r r

rr ym (Tyr 99: 9; Gr Kbk

: ). Th mrry rh mm rm, m

by Gr Kbk (: ), b 9 L Amr wh

h bhm B Cm N Dr (N-


27/54


28/54

10 chapter 1

hr rh qy b r by . Pr wh h-

h r rh mm, wh hr

wh h b ry b y

y, h h hr hm h h xr-

k b hr, r hr y hrh h

r, bm hr rh k b

hrr h r h hr hw my

mm.

A by Kmbry Th (: 5), h mr

r rh mm h rwr rr h

hy r mr r h h b hry mr.

Th rhy h h rm y h -

m, r m-ry m-rr rr -

r h my my m w. F R (: 9)

h m mr br hr y h Sh Ar Trh

R Cmm, h J Tyr hr

Ar rh mm. Tyr r h rh mm

rrm , , hr hr -

r rr wh rh b r

m (99: 99). B m rr r my b r -

whr wh ry r m.

I hr y h r b mb byh Pr Trh Cmm Ayh , Th r-

r w my b r b r x -

h rmry w m rr. B wh h m wm

r r wh Th hr rrh m

, hy wy x wh brr

x: Thy h r h rr rby

mh hr r mm hrm hm h

hy r r. Wh hr x, wm hr x-

r x h br mwhwmy rr hrm (: 5). I hr wr, w

r h rr m m rh mm

my rm wh wh h rrm r h rm.

Th m r r hr m rm h

rrm, whr hy my b xr rr q ry.

Fr h r, mr r h m h r

r rh mm r hr b rm brr x.

G my h wh r , bh


29/54

testimony 11

h rrm. B rh mm wh

ym ry bh yw hr-r mwhh

wr rry b wm xrm r rr

r Gm, Pr, Sh Ar (Th : 5; M

5: )h rrm bm rm r k, jr

r h m, hr rh k bh

h rrm (J Km : 9). A

Rh Sr , Th ym r

m r by rh h m

h r h w r rmwrk r -

r r hry, mry, rh (: ).

I h mr ry Th Mmory Box o Pinochs Chil, S Sr

(, , ) r r h y mmry r-

m rmmbr, wy m

rw my rm hm xr. H wr, I h rh I

h k, h r bh rmwrk r k -

h whh rh m b r rm

(: xxx). Fr Sr, h r hry h y r

my bh h rh r h . . . b

b b r wh rh r r hr

r h wy hy , rb r (: xx). I rh

mm r k mr r r r xr b rr x, h w br r w h m m.

Thrh h r, r my h bm h r br-

hr rh by h r wh my k

b hr , my, wh r h r hr

mmry. I r h rh mm r hr-

, h ry r r xb. Th r rqr x

h rh, m wy rm ry mr, mr -

rr hr rm rm br hw w

hk rh rh m kw m rh. A Th- , Wh r r mh w hry

r , rh mm wrk wh hr ry

r bh hr rh (: 5). I Pr, r ,

hr-r m wr rm; Th h h mjry

rm b r x m hrh hr-r

m whh wm k b wh hy h hr r h-

hr, hm. Th hr h rr h

h -rh mmy r h h


30/54

12 chapter 1

rm my b hr rh mm ( : 5; R

: 9).

R rr h r my mry m

r wh k rh r hrh m m.

Th r rr my rrm

mm w. I m wh h Rbr Mh r-

ry h 99 h w h by D S (999) bkRigo-

bra Mnch and h Sory o All Poor Guamalans, J Rb

h rm my r by rm

m rh (: ). I h y r m-

r b h mr ry- T m, wm,

hr by rmr A, Ch, 99, Rb h

my m mry ry r-

ry. . . . Tm mr r hrr

r h x rh (). I rr

h rwrk r b S bk, Rb r r-

rq my wr by Br Sr (5), wh h

m m kw h Ar hrh h

m Ar rh mm. Wh Sr rq m

rm r rmwrk whh h ry kw-

q (whhr rm mr w r -

r rm b h rh my), Rb h w r h r rm h rh. I h h w

br h my rk hr rm kw b h

b r xr. . . . Th h

mk mmr, m, hr h r h h

m my, b rhr r m rm

h w r rh y h m rr (:

5). Th mr rb h rm I m mk hr. I

r h k my ry kw h rm

kw r r h m h mxr rm rh r, , x rm. Rb

h m m h rmwrk h r

m m b hk by mm, ,

xr rh b by k wh h

h br m m (5). H ry r rr -

mr b h A mr m rm Br Lr. Irr

Lr, h , B b h r h .

Fh b r h m r. Th h whh b-


31/54


32/54

14 chapter 1

m (K 99: ): Mx bk rr r x r r

r h rrm hr, h , myh ,

y h y-b r wh whh w r m mr.

Th r wr wr wh w hh -

(5). Mh wr:

I rm hw h rm h my

h b br, h b h h wr,

rbby, b r r. . . . K (9) ry

r h hy wr r wh h b r

. Th h h rm wh h w m

b wr hrh hr r b

rm, h w h b k h m y

m r b r, b r b rrm. (99: )

Ebh H B wr b rrm hr. F

A r hr, h , A r hr wr r

, hy wr rr, hr m wr x-

mbh h r h ry. Th r h-

r wr y b h rh x rrm (99:

). Th r h hr, h , wr r hr

m b rm. Th , hr r-

, m wr r br, h rr rrmr wh h b mh. Th rrm h hr,

r H B, w xb rm mbhm

r h rrr r r hr

().

Th h wr ky rrm r m -

. O my h b m rr b-

h h my my m rrry h r

wr h w wh . Ar Fry Fr Br r-

Mx r h h ry, Mx w rrm h mb: Thy h m h r

x b my hr m rm r

y, hr hm by hr mb wh h

mr ([] 99: ).

Th wrk h hr h - wy r

rrm r rm ry r r -

mm hr. Th h r

mry r k h mr m m. Fw


33/54

testimony 15

h r r L Amr

r k Mx, Gm, Pr, B, Er h h r

, bm r w wy,

y by hr r rm r b r

wh Sh. . . . I h wr j

h b wr w r r (Fr :

55). U rrm indignismo b hr m-

h 9 9 Mx whr

b m h h r wr -

h, hr rr mm wr r

Sh. Th rm hry kw h m-

r r, ym r, w, hwr,

b ry hr L

Amr. W m rmmbr, hwr, h h ry k h-

ry r, hb, ry.

I r h r r h wh -

ry L Amr, h rh kw hry k

ry y r b r my hr w. I Mx-

, r xm, y b 5 r h w r

9. By 9 ry m r h r . r r.

B ry r h hy Sh rm wr. I 9

h ry r Ch w . r Ox . r. I9 h ry r Ch w 9. r Ox .9

r ( r rm Grr 99: ). I Ch h ry

r r (S Ly S : ) Ox hy

bw r 999 (Crbh Shwr : 9). Th -

mr h wy-r ry. By h yr wh h x-

m Gm B rxmy 9 r

L Amr r wr, rmry Sh (unesco

I r S ). Nrh h rm Ch O-

x h wh ry r bm hh LAmr r h wh ry, r mbr

rry wm ry hy r L

Amrh r rm kw b mr.

G h hry r kw rm L Amr

mr, h r r my mr m-

rry mm h m rr. Wh r,

hwr, k y b h wy r my

mrry L Amr mm. O h


34/54


35/54

testimony 17

m mh wh h mmry r rw hr

mrh r k h r Ox rr. I -

hr mm x whh kw r-

rm h ry r rmry hrh r

my, Tyr h h w k h rrm rr-

r rm r h kw rh. Ph h

r m r r r ryh x,

h h w y h rrr. Sh rhr by

w mhy r h r m

hy r rr r m h hy k

, hr, rh, hrh hr r h

r, h Ir, r, , , hr rm

hm . Tm rr m by hm

rh wrkr r x xm r rr h r mr

r kw rh.

I mr kw h h mhy I h hr

rr m h m wh h

-- r h rrm my. D -

my, wh r rr r wh h

mbm my, rh r h mm x

mk rb rb. Tx m, I h

h bk, h m. Wh h my b b b m, mr kw wh h rrh mh

h mr. I b, hwr, h h rr

my w b h m wr h h

y b r hw mr h r

mm h h rb hr.

Cllbv Md:

A Fwk f Wkg w Tl

B r Ox r h x h mm

rr h my r h y, h , my

. Th y y my m, my, rh

hr, j wh bh h m h rh

rr, r wr h r wh h.

T rr. T y. T w. Lk r rm h r

r wr w r r r h


36/54

18 chapter 1

rr, wh h r h rr

Ox. I h rh r r r w wy r r by -

m; r hr rh rm mk; r h

rh k b hr; r rry mry; r wm r-

rm b mmr m; r mb rq wr; r

hybr rm rb r h y; r -

; r r r r m rh; r y

mhr hy ; r h q.

O my r m r wr h bk, r r

h wb h r (Mk Rh Ry: Ox S-

Mm, Pr h://www.mrrOx.r./)

whh rr h bk wb, w r hm rh

wrk Ox. B I h b wrk Ox 9

w mh ry yr hr, hm r m. A r r

comadrs, compadrs, hr, r r, m m

brr, my m x wrk

wr , mm, . Wh I h Mx-

h, I r r h hrh my

h y Ox. A by Rhr Fr R

Bmyr (99), r h ryy hrh

whh mr r m r, b ,

y rh. R R (99) r h r h wy h mr r-

. Wh I by m r my b r mr

r hr h U S r Mx, b I m Mx -

my rh xr r y m hr.

Ar 9 h Mx Fr C r h rh

r y r, Ar r rm

xr, b h r y rr. A by h

Mx hr Jr Vr, rr r rhb rm

y r : Pr Ar h Fr C, h Fr Ex mwr wh x

b hry r rm h Mx rrry, mmy

wh y r , y rr whm h Mx m-

mr hr r m b y y

(: ). Vr h x Er Amr-

wh m m hm rh Mx (9).

Fr rrhr r h b r ry hr b r-


37/54


38/54


39/54

testimony 21

Ox. M Ox h h by. Ox

h y ry r by my wh r r

hrr r r h U S.

Uk m my Ox rr, I m wrk h m

rbrr hrhr. O m h r

h I m r h . My Or Ox

r ( Sh : 5). Ahr h r-

h rrhr xr h hy r rrh

j , h r hm r x. Th

rbrr rrhr I m by r rm h I m

wrk wh: I h wh m -

r, I m h rr rj rrh. W

h hr m r h , r, hy,

, whh , rm r hr, mk m rm h I w

wrk wh h r h bk. Hwr, h r

my r rrhr wh m r

my y rby by wh

h r m. Ahh I m rhb rm r b

y, my r hr h m

m h w h r m. A m y

mm wh I h whr b hrh br r-

rh (Sh b: 5), I w kw hw r h bj-bj hmy h h wy I rh my r-

rh (H Sh : ).

I my r -r -rr h r h

h Or Sbr (hr kw) rj h L Amr

S A (lasa), I my hr m h -

br rrh. C lasa rj ,

Or Sbr h rmry rm br rrh

bw y my-b r-

rh r bh, rry whh h y r q mr (H

Sh : ). Th m hm m I m

my r r h mm Ox

by. Imr q h w: Wh h

I bj my b rrh h Ox mm

hr wh r? Wh k

h w I r? Wh rrh rbm w h r

h mm r b mr, why? Hw I r-


40/54


41/54

testimony 23

h m r r: () h w h wh wr rr

hm rh wr ry b; () rr

m h Ir r r r rm

h mrm m, whh ry r h r ;

() m h m m h xr h

wh r rm rr hm rh , rry

hr w m mm; () b r rh

m h wh r h my rb rhr

rr by h hy m m my.

I hk wh hr b wh k r r w

wrk b ry y r m h

mm h rr h m , w m h

h mr rh w b b. Th ry

h hm rh h r ym Rmr

Ar Pr h w, Rh Gm Sh, r m hk

b b rm h Ir h w r h

m w h rr .

Wh h m, I rr h Ury Or h

b rrb h rr h

w h rr. I My h Ox m h

rb my y . I b wrk wh Rmr Ar Pr, Rh G-

m Sh, hr hr w h US r rm Mx. Sbqy I wrk r hr

r ym. W h rr rhr m-

rm hr my mmbr, hm rh wrkr, hr

b r r hr h hr

wh mh w. W h w w r mbr r-

wrk r m rm b hr

hr hm rh . W r dvd

wb k hr r hr . Imr-

y, w h w r h wr rm bkr b h rr x h

mm. Wh h m, r h mmr I rr

Ox wh mr rrr. I rr b hry

mr m rm Rh Rmr my mmbr, hr,

hr wh wr y , rr, mr r hr -

, w rm wm wh h r h kr

rrrmm r tv . I b rr -

m rm h wh wr r h mm b wr


42/54


43/54

testimony 25

y wr w b ry wh ry wh hr -

my w k k mk y h hy w, b w wr

b br b hw mr h

wb. My h w rw

w mh . Thy h wr wh wr mr

wh h mm mr x h r wb y

. Thy w r m rm

by h w r wr wh rm b hr -

mm h wr r h ry appo h brr

mm. Th rw wh xr r

mm, h hr mm, wm mm,

hm rh mm wh h wh y ky r

mmy tv r r w h r r

m. W m r h

mm w Jxh m rm

Mx Trq r appo Jxh rm h wh

wrk wh hm.

Th Fr I Or B (B Fr

I Or, fio) w rm h

h h rw r mm. B h -

h mr Trq mm w h r S

J C m my ( hr ), w r rw b rk hy mh r h r-

w. Th fio rr h I L A

h r h r r k bw O-

x L A . Th fio w xrmy r hr

hrh hr m b appo L A r-

r mr h wb . Fr h

m, rr , w r rmry h m

r h h YTb h

r r rw, h, r.I rr h wb, w r dvd

h Rmr Ar Pr, J Gbr R, E S-

Sh. W h r Ox wh

w hm w hr hm h U S. A y

h dvd, wh rr rm r rw, r

hrh, r m, w bm U.S. Ch

Immr Sr h Drm Hm Sry J-


44/54

26 chapter 1

ry r Rmr Ar Pr Rh Gm Sh

ym .

Frm Jry My 9, I wrk y wh m

h wb r A P Mr ( r

h Ury Or Sh Jrm Cmm),

J Nh, h rr M Mr (wh r h Sh

x h wb), J Gm ( rmr r hry

h Ury Or wh h wh r b),

my Prr Gbr Mr rm h Sh Jrm

Cmm (wh r h xr).

O w h r r rm h r r h

r hr m, w m h . O My 9, 9,

h wb Mk Rh Ry: Th Ox S Mm

Pr w h b br h Rmr Ar

Pr, Rh Gm Sh, m hr my mmbr. A -

r m h wb h w r hr

r, mm, Mx, h U S,

Er.

Ar h wb w h, I wh h

wh h r hr wh h rw Ox. I r-

my r hw mr br h rj. S m

h r wr r bk r w, I b r h rj. Th r I

m hrh h r wrk wh h wb r

rhr r rw h rr

mr m.

Dr h mmr 9, , I rw

rr m. M h r h wb b

bm mr r h rm r h bk. I -

rw b wr, wh h Ch Chrh,

hr, r, r bq r kr O-x, hr r w mmy r . I

k wh r brr, yh , m. I

wh r mr h hy rw wh

m mb hm.

I m h rw, I rm h by h-

ry rh. I r rb m h h r

m b r hr , rm ry hh

h r. Lr r r, I mb q b hr


45/54

testimony 27

rr r r br b h mm. Irw

y hr x hr r mr hr.

I m , h rw m .

A I m h hr yr rw rr m,

I r h h rm r my w, r

xr w r m xr

r ry I k wh. Th ry wh whh ry k b

h mm m wy r

rh r rr h r , , m-

, whh r wh b Oxq (O-

x), rr, r, rm my r r wh

m m. O h m r r h

mm w h my r r Ox y

r h y l publo d Oaxaca (h Ox ).

Th hybr h, , r r h m hr

appo h r mm r w wh Ox,

r h my F h b h hr bm

k m-mr y r h r xr r-

r hr.

A I mmr my m m h rr I h r-

r, hr rr wh r r , I

w rk by h m mr y y r - b r h mm. Th mr w

rr b r br w. Th wr

r my w m y my r h wh h

b hrh rr m rm

w rr, br, x, h m m-

rm h. I w br rm kw r

h rw rm r rh kw h rr hm

j wh wr rm.

T Suu f T Bk

A mbr hr h ry br h mr r-

ry y r wr b rr-

h k wr, , r, m

(Rr Cmm ). Ehhr h mh h

mr r bw r, x, r m kw-

, r, rr (Br Kr ; Brk-


46/54

28 chapter 1

hr ; Sm N-Mr ; Shrr ). Wh m

h wrk h b r mm rm

h r h r, brr r ry

kw r y b hr r r-

. A I h hw h bq hr, r my h

my rm r (, x, rr)

rrm r r brr rry r h r

hm rh wrk mm. Th wr

my by m r rr rh

w h my r. Tmy w r b hr

xr h r by mk hm r

(Tyr : ). Th h hr I m r

r hrr h r r my hm rh wrk, -

mm, hr rm rry mry,

mmy rmr ry rm h rr br

mh h rj. By w h mhy hm rh

wrkr b r kw r wh

r by h r r h mm hr,

w m h hr r h hr h -

w ( H Sh ).

Chr r h mr appo h brr m-

m rr mm, h hr mm S ,rb r mm, mm, mm,

wm mm. Th hr xr h r

bw mm h h , h

h mm rw hy h xr kw h

mr hr mm.

Chr r hrh h

h my h h Ox

rm j hr ry r h y m r h

hm. S h m wr by r r r r mh w h

h h mm hrh bh m by

ry r my hr hr r-

r rm h hr r Ox Cy. Th hr h

r xm bq hr h r h h

wr xr my r Ox y r h x mh

h mm r h rm rm r.

Chr m h r rr h my r-


47/54

testimony 29

h mm. Th hr hhh h

hr wh wr , rr, y hr m-

r ww h hr hm rh mm-

h my m. Thry, h hr

xr h wy h rh r rm , , r-

r wr mb h mm r -

x b hm r h rrr rh b.

I xr h k rr hm rh

b r wh j ym r j. Ehrh-

y, h hr r m h h rrm h-

r D Tyr hrh y r r h by E

S Sh J Gbr R whh hy y hzcalo

(r ) Ox y b b , rr, rr,

r wh rm- rm hr. I y h r

r h r r by Tyr (: )

whh rry r mr h rrm

my, hw r r, h wy my

r r.

Chr 5 hhh h r rm m h O-

x mm: h rr mmy r

. Th hr xr h r m br r

mmy r h m rry mry - hr rr mm hrh h rm r kw

h asambla (mby). Tm h h r h

br mmy mb r mr

h wy h -mk r ym h

mm m r r Ox. Ar r-

h hry mmy r Mx m

h h , h hr y r mrry xm,

R Zh, whh mr . I r h x

h wr r wh mm hk bw r my w h k h r-

hry, mrry r hy,

r y .

Chr m h r by whh r hr wm

k r h mmr m (r ), -

ky r, , mm hry

ymbyh rm w b hr, w b ,

r m r r m


48/54

30 chapter 1

mrry h mrm. Thrh hr xr r r

h wm m r rr

rh k h bm b my hr wm m h y.

Th hr hhh h r ry rm r y

ry by mm-r r rr h mm

r rm wh by r r r x

mh.

Chr h r m wr h r rm

h m h wh mk hr

rm rm, rhy r h r Ox Cy (R-

m Sh : 9; inegi ). Wh mh b x h r-

, mrh, b wr w rmy m h

mm, h h . Th hr hhh h r

r m mrh b h mm, wr

rm T V h rr albrijs ( w -

m) rm Arr. Sm hm ry m h mm

bm appo r h m r hy h xr; h-

r r mr ymh. Th hr m h r -

bm wh y hm y rm

bw appo r rm. Wh hy h

wh h rm, hr r wh appo r-

m r xh wh m rr hr . U-my hr r brkr rr h y wr

, b hr r h mh b hw h wh

h r m, , r hr -

b hr. Thr b h r w h mr

r r r wh h rj m h

yh wh r appo.

Chr rw -h r -

- b whh rr r h

mm rr Ox ry bw Ox C-r. Th ry rm by m

r my hrh mry w y-

m r kw Mx usos y cosumbrs (rhy r-

m r). Ox , k Cmb, B,

Er, hr L Amr r, h h

hr mry w.

Th r appo Jxh r xm r-

m r r h r


49/54

testimony 31

wh m. Th m rk m h m hrh

h mr h r h Am My S

J C Jry . R b r by r ym

rm h h r appo Jxh, h rr h

m my h y r ry wh

h Trq h r b m -

mm hm hr h

mrk. A xm m xm appo

L A, whh w mmr Ox h U

S wh hr m mm Mx hrh

r. Thr wh L, Ch,

A, r r mrry. Th hr

h m b r r-h bh Mx h

U S.

Chr 9 m hw h h brr m

w r m yh r h -

my. Chrr by hr rh, mk,

m , -mwrm, -y, h r

b rm rhm wh r r hw -

ym j r wrk. D mk -

r hrh mmy mb mh wy

k h mm y rm - r rm r . Tw r , V

Oxq Cry Am y Lbr (Ox V C-

r Amy Frm, vocal) C Am Sr

Oxq Trbj A (Am Ox H Sr-

S-M Wrk, casota) r hhh xm hw h

my mb wrk r. Th hr bry

xm yh r hrh h r b r r-

h r mm h L Vr

Brrk. Th m r by yh r r h b w h y Ox h r r Mx r-

y r mr x m h r

mmry b h mm . I , h ymb

m mb h r r

rb h b r y b r

h Ox r-, mh, mr.

Th r hr m h

r rm Ox b , rry mry,


50/54

32 chapter 1

h. Th wr my r -

w r h mm h m-

r rxm hw w hk b h r, rb,

m kw. A rm mm h -

hhh m, h m bm h r h

rr r y, rm rh. U

Chrj () y ( h rm -

) y (h x rm y wh

hr r m m r hm

hh r rmy ymk), I r h h

Ox mm r h mr r rm

r r h r b mh by my

mm r h wr y whh m r

. I k Sk S hw -

h r b h bh hrh

r b. Fw S (: ), I h w

y bj, h my h h Ox m-

m, r ry mr h rw bw

r w b.

T Ox Sl Mv Lg A f Sl P

I Dmbr Tim m m Th Prr Th Pr

h Yr.

I hr b r rr? Erywhr, m,

hy h h. Thy ; hy m; hy

r; wh h wr m bk r

r h b. Thy ry mb h h -

br , h. A hh w

r ry r , h mry w

r ry hr. Th r h wr mry dmos,

h h m mry h r. A

hy , h b bx, h h r. (S )

I h r Tim Kr Ar () rr b r r-

, b T h Ey, whr k h

r rr. H h m L I S

Gr, whr r r mym, k r-

y, kr . H rb m h


51/54

testimony 33

Oy mm Nw Yrk, whr h hr W r h 99% w

. Tx m, Fbk, YTb, Twr wr h

m mr bh m r h brh

hr y m hry r h wr.

Th hr D Grbr, h rh h Oy

W Sr mm, r h bk Db: Th Firs Fi Thousand

Yars h w r y w h r ry mr ym

wh h rmry r r h r rr hrh

k h Wr Bk, h Ir Mry F, r-

r, . Sh h hr mr

hry, r Grbr, r hrh rr b

mm hrh h bk r h hr b

m (Grbr 9: ; ). Wh h rr rr

rm r r r h ym bh h r-

L I S, h Ox,

h m bh h Oy mm, hy ry

wh h r r b r h wh hm wh hy m.

Jr Ayr h r y r w

r. I h bk Connious Lis, h h xr

r w wm (N Lr) wh r

h w-y r S Er, Ar, 99, whh wr

k m r b mym, h x-y r-bk h hr Ar w Cr- P H

99 h r r rm h r h

my. Cr wh h wy h hr r h r

hr y , Ayr r h w h rr y r-

r jm rr w b ym

b r h m wh whh r

mb h r. Prr . . . r rh hr jb -

r, b hy r rh y (: ). H h

h r r y b rr jm b r bhr h rm rr r -

wh hr rrh r r mh b

b h my (). Ayr h y Ar-

r h 99 r r r h Ox mm

rb hr.

Ayr, k hr (Gw, Jr, P ;

P ) wh h h m

() h h wy whh


52/54

34 chapter 1

r r r wh r r m-

m b (Ayr : 5). I m

ry h r rymy m-

rrr ry ky m-

b b mm (Jr : 5). Th

my mr r hr m b

ry hm y.

Th Ox mm b r rh

r h Amr wh w h r

rm h b bbb h 99. Sm h rh -

() h Z mm h r 99 rr h

h Mx r ; () h piquros

mm Ar b h m-99, whh w rm r-

bk r, br, b h rm

r r h my wrkr mm Ar,

whh y; () h B S 999 whh

ry h rr S r h Wr

Tr Or Mr Cr wh r r-

bq yr r m h to, if, Wr

Bk, Fr Tr Ar h Amr, hr; () h h w-

r r Chbmb, B, , wh rr -

y Bh Crr rm k r b wr ym k wr h b r; (5) h m mmr rh r-

U.S. , wh hr h r

r -mmr ; () h Oy mm

, h hr L Amr r w C

h U S.

Prh h r hr h mm h wy

hy h h r hry rm r

r. I my h r mm hr r r-

Wr br rm r, whhr r r r r r. Thr r

r hry wr rr mbr mr hr

rm mk. I h h Oy m-

m , h r rm r by h h -

r mby, whh b h ry r

-mk r whh r m by

. V, mjry r, Robrs Ruls o Ordrr . I hr

m mk, mr r w rk


53/54

testimony 35

h k wrk h rbm rr h rr r wh

r . C r, mr hw my hr k.

U.S. y rb h rr r h r mby

mrry rh m (B ). Ohr h

h y bw h rm r rm

r my, rh m ry m

hrh h m My mm h Z mm,

whh h by mk r w

(Er Sm ). Iry, my mr r y -

h r mr b h O-

y mm. A k h mm Ox hr

mm h Amr rm h 99 h r r h

y ky r my mm. Wh r -

y r rr wh h k m rm m h

mm, rh h r r m r h r

hy rr, h hy , h hr m bh hr

. A Wr M (: 9, 5) r h h

Z hr r, h h rr hm -

y, h rh b r b w r q, wr m-

m wr, r by h m m b

mr r hk whh h h rk

hr q Wr mry xr by my. Ih br , h rh r h Amr rm h 99

wr b h wr b w m-

ry, r, hm wrh y. Sh r

r mr mm rm ym, whh b

b hy r h by r h wh h rh

r h rh m. Wh rm ym

r b h, mm -

r h h hhh hr r h b

m r my .


54/54

Notes

Chapter 1

1. For the United Nations system, transitional justice is the ull range o

processes and mechanisms associated with a societys attempt to come to

terms with a legacy o large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountabil-

ity, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It consists o both judicial and

non-judicial processes and mechanisms, including prosecution initiatives, a-

cilitating initiatives in respect o the right to truth, delivering reparations, in-

stitutional reorm and national consultations (United Nations 2012).

2. For descriptions and photos o the people on the website team, see http://

pages.uoregon.edu/mrarOaxaca/bios.htm.

3. Here the words o David Graeber are instructive:

Almost every time Im interviewed by a mainstream journalist about

[Occupy Wall Street], I get some variation o the same lecture: How are

you going to get anywhere i you reuse to create a leadership structure or

make a practical list o demands? And whats with all this anarchist non-

sensethe consensus, the sparkly fngers . . . ? Youre never going to be

able to reach regular, mainstream Americans with this sort o thing!

It is hard to imagine worse advice. Ater all, since 2007, just about

every previous attempt to kick o a nationwide movement against Wall

Street took exactly the course such people would have recommended

and ailed miserably. It is only when a small group o anarchists in New

York decided to adopt the opposite approachreusing to recognize

the legitimacy o the existing political authorities by making demands

o them; reusing to accept the legitimacy o the existing legal order by

occupying a public space without asking or permission; reusing to elect

leaders that could then be bribed or co-opted; declaring, however non-

violently, that the entire system was corrupt and they rejected it; being

willing to stand frm against the states inevitable violent responsethat

hundreds o thousands o Americans rom Portland to Tuscaloosa began

rallying in support and a majority declared their sympathies (Graeber

We Are the Face of Oaxaca by Lynn Stephen

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Transcript of We Are the Face of Oaxaca by Lynn Stephen