WBv12.1 Emag Tutorial5 Rotating Machine

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EMAG Tutorial 5:

Rotating Machine

EMAG Tutorial 5:

Rotating Machine

Tutorial 5

January 24, 2010

© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Inventory #003000

1-1



Module 5

Electromagnetic Analysis

W or k

• Procedure – WB supports only

magnetostatic analyses.

Interface in air gap

en ch - S

Transient analyses,

especially those includingmotion effects, will requirecommand objects.

– Ri id bod rotation or

Mesh in direction

of motion need

not matchm u

l a t i

translational motion canbe simulated with anundocumented (even in

the traditional ANSYSenvironment set of

nEm a g

commands (“ARMINT”feature).

– Insertion of commandobjects that set up motion

automated with a specialwizard (supplied courtesyof CADFEM).

– “Ladder mesh”

Mesh normal to

direction of

January 24, 2010



1-3

necessary to use ARMINT

feature.

mo on mus

match (and does)



Module 5


W or k

en ch - Sm u

l a t i

nEm a g

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1-4



Module 5


W or k

en ch - S

tart or enc

m u

l a t i nEm a g

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1-5



Module 5


W or k

The Project Page Loads…

en ch - Sm u

l a t i nEm a g

Hold down LMB to

drag a MagnetostaticAnalysis System into

the Project Schematic

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1-6



Module 5


W or k

en ch - Sm u

l a t i nEm a g

Right click on Geometry tobrowse for SYS.agdb

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1-7



Module 5


W or k

en ch - Sm u

l a t i

-

Polarization and Periodic BoundarynEm a g

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1-8



Module 5


W or k

• We will need to create 2 coordinate systems

– One coordinate system will be used to define the direction of

en ch - S

polarization of the permanent magnet. It will be most convenient to

create this coordinate system in DM. Coordinate system“PM_polarization” will have its x axis pointing in the “average radially

” m ul a t i

.

defined only in the positive or negative x direction, so anytime the

direction of polarization is not aligned with the Global x direction, a

special properly oriented coordinate system must be created for to nEm a g

e ne po ar zat on.

– Another cylindrical coordinate system will be needed to specify the odd

periodic boundary condition. It will be most convenient to create this

.

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Module 5


W or k

en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g

Double click on “Geometry”

to bring up the Design

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1-10



Module 5


W or k

Begin to define coordinate system used to define PM polarization


Right click on “Ring” to hide this

bod and ex ose the inner

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cylindrical surface of the PM



Module 5


W or k


Click on the “New Plane” icon

to initiate creation of plane to

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1-12

polarization



Module 5


W or k


Set Type to “From Point and

Edge”, pick “Not Selected”

“ ”

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vertex in image, then “Apply”



Module 5


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Pick “Not Selected” adjacent

to “Base Edge”, pick edge in

“ ”

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1-14



Module 5


W or k

en ch - S

Note that the x direction (red

axis) points between the PMm ul a t i

vertices. Since the polarization

can only act in the x direction,

we want to rotate the

z axis

(blue)

nEm a g

coor na e sys em so a e

x axis points in what is

presently the z direction (blue

.

x axis (red)

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1-15



Module 5


W or k

To accom lish this rotation

en ch - S

set “Transform 1 (RMB)” to“Rotate about Y” and specify a-90⁰ rotation. Change the m

ul a t i

name of the coordinate

system to “PM_polarization”.

nEm a g

IMPORTANT!

Next, set “Export Coordinate

System?” to “Yes”

Now click “Generate”

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Module 5


W or k


Double click on “Model” to

bring up the Mechanical GUI.

** If you already brought upMechanical, you will need to

refresh the project to bring

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1-17

“PM_polarization” into the

model



Module 5


W or k

Ensure that the “PM_polarization”

coordinate system has been Convenient option

en ch - S

for manipulating

viewing direction

m ul a t i nEm a g

X direction points

radially outward

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Module 5


W or k

To create a cylindrical coordinate system for the periodic

condition, choose “Coordinate Systems” in the tree and click on

en ch - S

.

or the rotor iron as shown, then click Apply.

m ul a t i nEm a g

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Module 5


W or k

The coordinate system will automatically be located at the center

of curvature of the cylindrical surface. Set “Type” to “Cylindrical”.


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Module 5


W or k

Rename the coordinate system to “Cylindrical Periodicity”

en ch - Sm ul a t i RMB

nEm a g

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Module 5


W or k

en ch - Sm ul a t i

nEm a g

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Module 5


W or k

Insert a symmetry condition object. Specify

a periodic region symmetry condition.


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Module 5


W or k

For the “Periodic Low” surfaces, choose the rotor side periodic

surfaces shown. Use Ctrl-LMB to select multiple surfaces.


LMB

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1-24



Module 5


W or k

Set “Type” to “Anti-Periodic” and “Coordinate System” to

“Cylindrical Periodicity”


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Module 5


W or k

Insert another Periodic Region. Repeat the procedure to create

periodic boundaries straddling the stator geometry. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g

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1-27



Module 5


W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i

Set up of ARMINT FeaturenEm a g

2) Load the Magnetic Interface Wizard

3) Create the Mesh

un e agne c n er ace zar o se up agne c n er aceInterpolation in Air Gap enabling motion effects

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1-28



Module 5


W or k

Define Variable Name “ansys 230x” in the variable manager, set

“Value” to 1, and check the “Active” box. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a gRMB on blank line,

“ ”

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1-29



Module 5


W or k

Use Windows Explorer to unzip the contents of magn_int_wizard.zip to

the directory in which your project is being created/saved. en ch - Sm ul

a t i nEm a g

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1-30



Module 5


W or k

Bring up the Mechanical Application

Wizard and click on “Choose Wizard”. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g

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1-31



Module 5


W or k Browse for “wizard.xml”.


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Module 5


W or k

Magnetic Interface Wizard Comes up


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Module 5


W or k

RMB in

graphics area

Mesh the model before using the wizard

en ch - SRMBm ul a t i nEm a g

Set element size on allsurfaces to 0.002 m. Set

behavior to “Hard”.

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1-34



Module 5


W or k en ch - S

RMB

Choose these 2 m ul a t i

short edges

nEm a g

Set number of divisions

on 2 short edges along

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1-35

air gap to 2. Set

behavior to “Hard”.



Module 5


W or k Interface in air gap

en ch - S

Mesh in direction

of motion neednot match

m ul a t i nEm a g

For the ARMINT feature

to work, the mesh normal

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1-36

Generate the mesh o rec on o mo on

must match (and does)

M d l 5



Module 5


W or k Hide the rotor

en ch - S

the finer mesh

surface on the

stator side interface m ul a t i nEm a g

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1-37

M d l 5



Module 5


W or k

Use the wizard to identify the

fine surface mesh on the stator en ch - S

s e o e n er ace

m ul a t i

Pick the exposed fine

mesh surface

nEm a g

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Module 5



Module 5


W or k RMB in graphics area

RMB on the stator en ch - S

and hide it to expose

the coarse mesh sideof the interface

m ul a t i nEm a g

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1-39

Module 5



Module 5



Reorient the rotor

assembly so that the

interface is facin nEm a g

you.

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Module 5



Module 5


W or k


coarse surface mesh on the en ch - S

ro or s e o e n er ace

Pick the exposedm ul a t i

nEm a g

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1-41

Module 5



Module 5


W or k


rotor elements en ch - Sm ul a t i

PM and ring (do not pick

the “air” portions)

nEm a g

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1-42

Module 5



Module 5



n er ep n me =

second, click “Change

Analysis Settings” and “Insert

” nEm a g

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1-43

Module 5



Module 5


W or k Note Named Selections

created b the en ch - S

wizard:

1) surface_fine m ul a t i

2) surface_coarse

3) rotor_elem

nEm a g

Note the command

objects created by

the wizard:

1) ARMI2) Transient1

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1-44

Module 5





step size)nEm a g

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1-45

Module 5





,

enter “2” for “Current Step

Number”, set “Auto Time

” “ ” nEm a g

,

“Number Of Substeps” to 20.

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1-46

Module 5





nEm a g

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1-47

Module 5




W or k

• Recall we want to

calculate eddy currents in e

n ch - S

the permanent magnet

– Must add Neodymium PMmaterial to list of materials

m ul a t i

– Must modify Neodymium

PM material to include

electric resistivit nEm a g

– Must assign the modified

Neodymium PM material

to the PM body

•

Begin by returning to theProject Page and double

clicking on “Engineering

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1-48

Data”

Module 5




W or k e

n ch - S

ng neer ng

Data” containsmaterialsm ul a t i

model

The only 2 nEm a g

material

properties

currently

available in

Engineering Data

are “Air” and

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1-49

ruc ura ee

Module 5




W or k e

n ch - S

cro own o

“Magnetic B-HCurves”m ul a t i nEm a g

“Neodymium PM”

properties for“Neodymium PM” are

Click on “+” toadd to

En ineerin Data

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1-50

and Residual Induction)

Module 5




W or k Click on e

n ch - S

Engineering Data

Note that

“ ” m ul a t i

has been added

to the contents of

En ineerin Data nEm a g

it is now available

in your model

We still need to add

electrical conductivity

to the PM material so

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1-51

we can ca cu a e

induced eddy currents

Module 5

El t ti A l i




W or k

Double click to add e

n ch - S

electrical conductivity

to the PM material

m ul a

t i nEm a g

“Isotropic Resistivity”

appears, enter 1.8e-7 Ω-m

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1-52

Module 5

El t ti A l i




W or k The new PM material property now exists in e

n ch - S

,

this. Refresh the project to read new PM data

into Mechanical. DO NOT choose Update

– m ul a

t i

we are not yet ready for this.

nEm a g

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1-53

Module 5

El t ti A l i




W or k Return to the Mechanical GUI.

e

n ch - S

System to “PM_polarization”

and its Material Assignment

“ ” m ul a

t i

nEm a g

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1-54

Module 5

El t ti A l i




W or k

Set the material assignments to the air

bodies to “Air”. Use Ctrl-LMB to select

e

n ch - S

.

m ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-55

Module 5





W or k

Ensure all iron bodies have material

assignment set to “Structural Steel”

e

n ch - Sm ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-56

Module 5





W or k e

n ch - Sm ul a

t i

nEm a g

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1-57

Module 5





W or k e

n ch - S

Make the PM a Source Conductor

m ul a

t i RMB to produce

drop-down

nEm a g

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1-58

Module 5





W or k Set the Source Conductor e

n ch - S

ype o o

m ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-59

Module 5





W or k Assign a Voltage condition to e

n ch - S

e ace s own

m ul a

t i

Pick PM faceRMB to produce

drop-down nEm a g

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1-60

Module 5





W or k

• Repeat the procedure on the

previous slide to apply a second

Should see two

voltage conditions in e

n ch - S

voltage condition on the same PM

face – Note: Mechanical is guiding you to

the tree when done

m ul a

t i

e ne a source con uc or;

therefore expects either two

voltage conditions or one voltage

condition and an im ressed nEm a g

current. But by applying two

voltage conditions on the same

face, the conductor will behave like

electric symmetry plane. Eddycurrents will be induced in the

conductive PM by time varying

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1-61

fields, current will flow normal to

the VOLT=0 surface.

Module 5





W or k

On to applying flux parallel boundary

conditions; show all bodies

e

n ch - SRMB to produce

drop-downm ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-62

Module 5





W or k Insert a flux parallel condition object e

n ch - SRMB to producem ul a

t i

rop- own

nEm a g

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1-63

Module 5





W or k

Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all 6 of the e

n ch - S

outer cylindrical surfaces and the

single inner cylindrical surface

m ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-64

Module 5




c g c ys s

W or k

To most conveniently apply flux parallel boundaries to

the end surfaces, click on the Y axis to obtain the view e

n ch - S

shown (the end surfaces are on the top and bottom)

m ul a

t i nEm a g

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1-65

Module 5




g y

W or k

Then choose object selection to “Face”

and set the pick mode to Box Select e

n ch - Sm ul a

t i Hold the left mouse button

nEm a g

the faces at the end at the top

Use Ctrl-LMB to add the

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1-66

bottom to the selected set

Module 5




g y

W or k

Then LMB on Magnetostatic and

insert a flux parallel condition on e

n ch - S

these selected faces

m ul a

t i nEm a g

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Module 5




g y

W or k e

n ch - Sm ul a

t i

may be done either now or later afternEm a g

them now

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Module 5




W or k

Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all of the outer e

n ch - S

PM and rotor back iron, choose Solution

in the tree, and insert a request for nettorque acting on these bodies

m ul a

t i nEm a g

RMB to produce

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drop-down

Module 5




W or k

Choose the PM, choose Solution in the e

n ch - S

tree, and insert a request for the

calculated current density in this body

m ul a

t i nEm a g

RMB to produce

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1-70

drop-down

Module 5




W or k en ch - SInsert a request for the Total MagneticFlux Density in all bodiesm ul a

t i nEm a g

RMB to produce

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1-71

Module 5




W or k

- en ch - S

end and insert a request for the Total

Magnetic Flux Density at these surfacesm ul a

t i nEm a g

RMB to produce

January 24, 2010 © 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Inventory #0024061-72

Module 5




W or k en ch - S

“ ” m ul a

t i

add final rotor position in radians at endnEm a g



Module 5




W or k

Add line to define final en ch - S

rotor position in

radians on nodenumber nmax1m ul a t i nEm a g

π /2 = 90º



Module 5





-

nEm a g



Module 5




W or k en ch - S

Click here to

solvem ul a t i nEm a g



Module 5





nEm a g



Module 5




W or k en ch - S

Set the Wireframe

view modem ul a t i nEm a g



Module 5




W or k en ch - S

Inspect the PM

eddy currentsm ul a t i nEm a g



Module 5




W or k

Default vector plots often need to be enhanced for clarity. Click on

the vector graphics button to bring up additional controls. en ch - Sm ul a t i

SolidnEm a g

aligned form



Adjust grid densityAdjust lengthVariable length

Module 5




W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g

eddy currentvectors after



Module 5




W or k en ch - S

Inspect the B field

in bodiesm ul a t i nEm a g





Module 5




W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g

ry rames



Module 5




W or k Inspect the rotor




Module 5




W or k

Inserting “User

Defined en ch - S

Expressions”

(available after

solution ism ul a t i

comp e e

nEm a g



Module 5




W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a gRMB to

Heat



Module 5




W or k en ch - SNext, choose m ul a t i Click on All

the PM bodyAppearance

changes

nEm a g

Bodies



Apply

Module 5




W or k Produce contour plot of Joule Heat




Module 5




W or k en ch - S

Select stator teeth

m ul a t i nEm a g

RMB to roduce

drop down



Module 5




W or k en ch - SView asm ul a t i

con ours

nEm a g

RMB to evaluate

stator teeth

forces



Module 5




W or k en

ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g



WBv12.1 Emag Tutorial5 Rotating Machine

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