Waves ppt.
description
Transcript of Waves ppt.
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WavesDefinition, Behavior,
and Classification
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What is a wave?WAVE - a vibration or disturbance in space.
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What is a wave?•Waves transfer energy
without transferring matter.
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How are waves classified? Waves are classified by WHAT they move through or by HOW particles
move through them.
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What material do waves move through?
MEDIUM- the substance that waves travel through and need to have in
order to move.
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Classification of Waves
According to what they move through (Medium)
• Electromagnetic waves• Mechanical Waves
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Electromagnetic WavesWaves that can travel through matter or empty space where matter is not present.
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• radio waves• microwaves• infrared waves• visible light• ultraviolet rays• X-rays
Types of Electromagnetic Waves
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Mechanical Waves
• Needs a medium• require the particles of the medium to vibrate in order
for energy to be transferred.
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•water waves• earthquake/seismic waves• sound waves•waves that travel down a rope
or spring
Types of Mechanical Waves
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Classification of WavesAccording to how particles move through them• Transverse waves• Longitudinal Waves
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Transverse Waves
Particles move perpendicular to the motion of the wave
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Wavelength
Crest
Amplitude
Trough
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Wavelength (λ)The distance from crest to crest (or trough to trough); expressed
in meters
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Amplitude (A)The distance of crest (or trough) from the midpoint of the wave
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Longitudinal Waves
particles move parallel to the motion of the wave.
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Longitudinal Waves
Compression- a crowded area causing a high-pressure regionRarefaction- a spread out area causing a low-pressure region
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http://www.lcse.umn.edu/specs/labs/glossary_items/rarefaction_spring.html
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Transverse and Longitudinal Wave
Which is which?
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Wave Characteristics
Frequency (f)The number of waves that
passed a fixed point per second Unit: hertz (Hz)
f= 1/T
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Wave Characteristics
Period (T)The time it takes a wave to travel a
distance equal to a wavelength; Unit: seconds
T= 1/f
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Wave Characteristics
Wave velocity (v)Distance travelled by a wave
crest in one period.Unit: m/s
v= λ/T
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Wave BehaviourWhat happens when…• A wave meets a hard surface like a wall?• A wave enters a new medium?• A wave moves around an obstacle?• A wave meets another wave?
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Reflection
When a wave hits a surface through which it cannot pass, it bounces back.
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Reflection• Reflection does
not change the speed or
frequency of the wave, BUT the wave can be
flipped upside down!
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RefractionThe bending of a wave as it enters a new medium.
• It is caused by a change in the speed of the wave as it moves from one medium to another
• Greater change in speed = more bending of the wave
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DiffractionThe bending of a wave as it moves
around an obstacle or
passes through a narrow opening.
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Diffraction
• The wave will try to curve around the boundary or outward through the opening due to friction.
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InterferenceWhen two or more waves
combine together.
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Constructive Interference
When two waves combine to make a larger wave. (crest & crest) or (trough & trough)
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Destructive Interference
• Two or more waves combine to produce a smaller wave or destroy the wave completely. (crest & trough)
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Polarization
Filtering radiating light (moves in all directions) to allow only light
traveling in one direction through
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Polarization
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Resonance
When one object vibrates another without touching
• The 2 objects resonate at the same frequency• Amplitude increases
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Resonance