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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

BEACH EROSION BOARD

SOFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

WAVE ANDLAKE LEVEL STATISTICS

FOR LAKE ERIE

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 37

I-

|I

WAVE ANDLAKE LEVEL STATISTICS

FOR LAKE ERIE

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 37

BEACH EROSION BOARD

CORPS OF ENGINEERS

MARCH 1953

FOREWORD

This is the second of a series of reports to be issued by theBeach Erosion Board under its General Investigations program to providewave statistics for selected regions. The need for such data isevident, and it is planned ultimately to supply it by actual wavemeasurement for sufficiently long periodsto establish the wave climateat many locations. Suitable instruments for that purpose have not yetbeen developed and even after they become available much time must passbefore the records can attain statistical value. The production ofwave statistics by "hindcast" technique, admittedly of presently in-determinate quantitative accuracy, will nevertheless provide the p

engineer with better wave data than have heretofore been available.

Thorndike Saville, Jr., author of the report, is a HydraulicEngineer in the Research Division of the Beach Erosion Board underthe supervision of Joseph M. Caldwell, Chief of the Division. At thetime this report was prepared, the technical staff of the Board wasunder general supervision of Colonel E. E, Gesler, President of theBoard and R. 0. Eaton, Chief T6chnical Assistant.

The author was aided in the study by Robert F. Dearduff, HydraulicEngineer; by Morrison G. Essick, John C. Fairchild, Francis W. Kellumand Herman P. VanEckhardt in computations and compilations; in mapreduction by Carleton L. Bell, George P. Cummings, Lowell E. Finch,Richard E. Nearman and John J. Sharer; and in drafting by Wendell E.Reece. The report was edited for publication by Albert C. Rayner.Views and conclusions stated in the report are not necessarily thoseof the Beach Erosion Board.

This paper is published under authority of Public Law 166, 79thongress approved July 31, 1945.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Introduction ...................................... 1

Wave Statistics ........................ ......... 1

Lake Levels ...... .e...... ...................

APPENDICES

A - Wave Statistics for Monroe, Michigan

B - Wave Statistics for Cleveland, Ohio

C - Wave Statistics for Erie, Pennsylvania

D - Wave Statistics for Buffalo, New York

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WAVE AND LAKE LEVEL STATISTICS FOR 1AKE ERIE

by

Thorndike Saville, Jr.Hydraulic Engineer, Research Division,Beach Erosion Board, Corps of Engineers

INTRODUCTION

The General Investigations program of the Beach Erosion Boardcomprises investigations, regional rather than local in scope, designedto improve, simplify, and expedite the solution of local problems, bygiving a compilation of all existing data pertinent to shore processesin the particular region. As a first step in the compilation of thesedata a study of wave and lake level conditions on the Great Lakes isbeing made. The results of such a study for Lake Erie are presentedherein.

WAVE STATISTICS

Four stations on Lake Erie were selected for a comprehensive waveanalysis, the locations (see Figure 1) being as follows:

Station Latitude Longitude Vicinity

A 410501 N 830101 W Monroe, MichiganB 10o351 N 8a 0 45' W Cleveland, OhioC 420121 N 80 0 051 W Erie, PennsylvaniaD 420 49' N 78057' W Buffalo, New York

These particular stations were selected since it was thought that theywould give adequate coverage to the entire lake shore in the UnitedStates, and permit interpolation of values between stations, thusgiving an accurate representation of wave action at any point along theUnited States shore line.

Wave characteristics were determined from synoptic weather chartsfor each station for the three-year period 1948-1950. The weather mapsused were the United States Surface Synoptic Charts compiled at six-hour intervals by the U. S. Weather Bureau. Fetch areas, and the windspeeds and durations in these areas, were determined directly from theweather maps; these values were used with curves derived by Sverdrupand Munk (I)* and revised by Arthur (2) to obtain the hindcast wave

I

*Numbers in parenthesis refer to References on Page 14

characteristics. The revisions in the curvs recently suggested byBretschneider (3) were not employed, hence the wave periods determinedmay be expected to be slightly low. The only major variation from theusual-methods of wave forecasting or hindcasting (4) was that .thesurface wind was determined directly from reported observations ratherthan from a gradient wind determined from the isobar spacing. It wasthought that with the lake area so small in comparison to the area of thepressure cell, the isobaric pattern on the surface would be influencedto a large extent by the surface topography, and gradient winds deter-mined from the isobar spacing would not necessarily give true values ofwind velocity over the lake surface. Hence reported values of the surfacewind could be expected to give a more realistic figure of the wind velocity.Observations have shown (5) that the greater surface friction serves toreduce the wind over land from what it may be over water. Since the re-ported values were almost always obtained at land stations, the windspeeds used in the analysis may have been lower than those actuallyoccurring over the lake in the generating area. Some compensation wasmade for this by selecting the top speed of the Beaufort range reportedrather than the middle value.

The wave characteristics thus determined are for the significantwave -- that is, the period is that of the predominating waves, and theheight is the average of the higher one-third of these predominant waves.These values are summarized for each station in Tables A-1 through D-1(Appendices A through D). It should also be noted that the wave con-ditions given in these tables are deep water conditions. They must beused in conjunction with refraction diagrams to obtain inshore values.The tables show, for each station, the number of hours duration thatdeep water waves of any given height, period, and direction occurred

during any month of the three-year period; and also for each month (assummations) the number of hours' occurrence of waves of any particularheight and period exclusive of direction; the number of hours' occurrenceof waves of any particular height and direction exclusive of period;and the total number of hours' occurrence of waves of any particularheight.

As an example of the data presented, from Table B-1 (Table 1 for 1Station B) for the month of July, waves of 1 to 2-foot height and 2 to3-second period from the north occurred for 6 hours during 1948, 18hours during 1949, and 12 hours during 1950. Thus, waves of thiscategory occurred for a duration of 36 hours during the three-year periodand hence can be expected to occur for about 12 hours (on the average)during July of any year in the future. Waves of 1 to 2-foot heightand 2 to 3-second period (from all directions) occurred for 120 hoursover the three-year period, or an average of 40 hours per year. Wavesof 1 to 2 foot height from the north (all periods) occurred for 66 hoursover the three-year period, or an average of 22 hours per year. Waves,1 to 2-foot height (all periods and all directions) occurred for 198 jhours over the three-year period, or an average of 66 hours per year.

2

Tables A-2 through D-2 show the summations of the values in TablesA-1 through D-I for the entire year, and are read similarly to thosetables.

During much of the winter season portions of the lake are coveredwith ice, and fetch areas are limited considerably. In addition, for asomewhat greater portion of the winter season, the coast area of the lakeis covered with ice, and, even~though waves are generated in offshoreareas, they never reach the shore, being interrupted by the ice aroundthe rim of the lake. No account of this effect of the ice was taken inthe actual hindcasting of the waves, and the durations given for thevarious winter months are computed as though there were no ice on thelake, a fact that should be remembered in using these data.

From yearly records of lake and air temperatures, and the dates ofopening and closing of the lake for navigation, an average ice-freeperiod was determined. For Lake Etie this appeared. to run, on theaverage, from April through November, and the average ice-free period was

determined as 1 April - 1 December for all four stations. A summationof the wave data for this ice-free period is shown in Tables A-3

through D-3. These tables are siihilar to Tables 1 and 2, and representa summation of the values in Tables 1 for all months from April throughNovember, The durations of waves of particular height and directionhave also been tabulated as percentages of time for the three-year periodand are shown graphically in the wave roses for the full year and alsofor the ice-free period in Figures A-1 through D-1. In these roses,

as in all other curves contained herein, the durations are percentagesof 365 days, for the ice-free period as well as the full year data.

Figures A-2 through D-2 show the total percentages of time that thewave height may be expected to be greater than any particular heightthroughout the year. They thus show the (average) total duration timeof specific waves over the year. Two curves are shown, one based on thedata gathered for the entire year's period, and the other on just theaverage ice-free period (April through November). For example, atstation B, the total duration of waves in excess of 10 feet in heightduring the ice-free period is expected to be 0.09 percent of the time;and 0.13 percent of the time during the full year. Hence waves 10 feetor higher can be expected to occur for a total duration of ll.5 hours(0.0013 x 365 x 24) over the course of each year, and, of this, 8 hours(0.0009 x 365 x 24) will be during the ice-free portion of the year whenthe waves will be certain to reach the shore.

Figures A-3 through D-3 show the frequency with which storms result-ing in waves higher than a given height can be expected to occur. Forexample, at station B, on 0.56 percent of the days each year the wavesmay be expected to be ten feet or greater in height, and on 0.29 percentof the days they may be expected to reach this height during the ice-freeportion of the year. Thus waves ten feet or higher may be expected tooccur (on the average) twice each year (0.0056 x 365); of these occurrences,only one (0.0029 x 365) will be expected to occur during the ice-freeportion of each year.

34

Combining the data obtained from graphs on Figures B-2 and B-3, wavesten feet and higher may be expected to occur at Station B abcut twiceeach year, and the average duration of each storm will be about 6 hours.During the ice-free portion of the year, waves of ten feet and higher maybe expected to occur only once, and the duration of this storm is ex-pected to be about 8 hours.

There are, in general, two methods of plotting points to obtainfrequency ourves such as those shown in Figures A-3 through D-3. One,based on the so-called theory of sampling, involves the assumptionthat the known period of record (three years) is a fair average sampleof all similar three-year periods over an infinite number of years,and that therefore the largest storm of this three-year period is themedian of all storms of the same class in all other three-year periods,This results in a frequency given by the following equation.

F 2N1 x lO02T

where F frequency (in percent) of the occurrence of storms equallingor exceeding the given storm

T number of days of record

N'= number of occurrences of a storm equal to or grenter thanthe given storm

The second method essentially considers only tne period of record, inwhich case the frequency becomes

SF= N xlOOT

Values of F are the abscissaof points on the frequency curve. Usingthe second equation above, the largest storm which occurred in the known

pi three-year period would have an abscissa of .0914 percent and wouldrepresent the storm which would most probably occur once in three years,i.e., would be the "three-year storm", etc. But this would be contraryto the theo'ry of s4ampling, -where (above) the assumption is made that thelargest storm in the known three-year period was the median of the largest

storms in a long succession of three-year periods. Therefore, over a longperiod such as 300 years, it will be exceeded not 100 times, but 50 times;i.e. it is by definition not a "3-year storm", but a I"6-year storm".

Either of the above equations could be, and have been used to pre-pare frequency curves. Although the former is the one most generally usedfor hydrologic data, the latter method has been used in this case. Theuse of this formula (F = 100 N/T) will result in somewhat more conserva-tive interpretation of the data, and was thought justified in view of the

extremely short period of record (3 years).

4

The points plotted may be represented fairly closely by a continuouscurve which frequently approximates a straight line, as may be seen fromthe figures. The curves shown have, in general, been drawn as lines ofvisual best fit; occasionally, however, more weight has been placed onthe higher values, This tends to give a somewhat more conservative in-terpretation, which is thought warranted in some cases. The user is freeto make his own interpretation of the plotted points.

In view of the shortness of the period of record, some doubt mayarise as to the validity of extrapolation from these curves, and as towhether the three years chosen were representative (i.e., that they re-present average conditions, and not three years of abnormally high orlow waves). In a similar report, on Lake Michigan, (6) hindcasts weremade for one station for a period of 12 years (1939-1950) for all stormswhich were expected 'to give waves greater than 8 feet. The points determinedwere compared to those determined from the three-year data. These pointsfitted a straight line curve very closely and, though the points mostlylay slightly above those determined from the three-year data, the curvewas not greatly different from t hat which had been drawn from the three-year data. Observations of the "average maximum" wave were obtained at thissame station by the Milwaukee lightship over the period 10 April 1931 to28 September 1932 (7) and these points were also compared to those hind-cast. Although the exact correspondence between the significant waveshindcast and the "average maximum" waves observed is not known, valuesshould be closely comparable -- and although the observed points lay some-what higher for the lower waves, agreement was good for the higher waves.The comparison of these various points is shown in Figure 2.

Although these comparisons were made for a station on Lake Michigan,rather than one on Lake Erie, it is thought that the same degree ofaccuracy should be observed on Lake Erie, and therefore reasonable con-fidence can be put in the curves shown, at least for values of the wavesoccurring with frequencies less than about once in 10 years (with thepossible exception of Station A).

Although for structural design purposes the important factor is thesize of the maximum probable wave (within a certain time period), for com-putations involving sand movement and littoral drift, a more desirableparameter would be some averaged factor including within it the effect ofboth height and period, the variation of these parameters, arn the durationthat waves of each particular category exist. Pi'esent day knowledge in-dicates that sand movement by wave action is best correlated with theamount of energy transmitted forward (and eventually on to the beach) bythe waves. The total energy per unit width in each wave is, in deep water

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where w z unit weight of water = 6 2.4 lbs./cu.ft.

g a acceleration due to gravity = a2.2 ft./sec/sec.

H a wave height (ft.)

T = wave period (sec.)

L = wave length (ft.)

One-half of this energy is transmitted forward from deep water towardthe shore, and it is this amount of energy that eventually reaches theshore line. The total energy transmitted forward in any given period of

time (ET) is then Eo/2 times the number of waves occurring in that periodof time,and

r -ET (3600t) -a 7*I95 x O04 HH2T t [I-4'93 H2

where t is the duration of the waves in hours. If some particular timeinterval (say, one month) is considered during which waves of varyingheight and period pass a given point toward shore, then the heights andassociated periods may be tabulated (as in Tables A-1 through D-1), andthere will be n groups. If the height of the ith group is represented byits class mark-Hi, and the wave period in that-group denoted by Ti, andthe duration -of the group by ti, then the total amount of energy transmittedforward during the entire time interval is

ET T'i. + ET2 + ET3 + " + ETi ..... +En

and [ Hi)2

Tables A-4 through D-4 show a tabulation of the average energy trans-mitted forward from deep water toward the shore during the average ice-free period in each category of height, period, and direction, Thus,for Station B, waves of 1 to 2-foot height' and 2 to 3-second period rom thenorth may be expected to transmit forward toward the shore 4724 x 104foot-pounds per foot of wave crest each ice-free period. Waves of 1 to2-foot height and 2 to 3-second period (all directions) would be ex-pected to send forward 21,619 x 104 foot-pounds per foot ofwave cresteach ice-free period; waves of 1 to 2-foot height frPm the north (allperiods) would be expected to send forward 6165 x 104 foot-pounds ofenergy per foot of wave crest; and waves of 1 to 2.-foot height (allperiods and directions) would be expected to transmit toward the shore29,921 x 104 foot.-pounds of energy per foot of wave crest each ice-freeperiod. Tables A-5 through D-5 show a similar tabulation for the averagefull year. Since the values in Tables A-1 through D-1 represent signifi-

cant wave height and period, these energy values are those obtained if the

7

wave system is uniform and consists only of waves of significant heightand period. Wave trains in nature are, however, exceeding••y irregular,and have less energy than that determined by the significant wave con-cept. The relationship between the actual energy contained in any given wavetrain and. that computed from the significant wave has been examined some-what by personnel at Scripps Institution of Octanography (8) and moref•e6ently by Barber (9) and Darbyshire (10), and has been found to be verynearly a constant ratio (on the order of 0.58). The energies given,therefore, may be considered to be the true value of the energy multipliedby some nearly constant value, and hence can be used to determine quiteaccurately ratios of energies frQm different directions. These latterrepresent very closely the ratios of the drift-producing forces. Summa-tions of these energies for each direction and period grouping are shownin Figures A-4 through D-4.

All the wave data given in the tables refer to deep water conditions--that is, depths greater than one-half the wave length. As such, inter-polation between stations to obtain values for other points along theshore is quite valid, and it is felt that adequate deep water hindcastvalues may be thus obtained for all points on the shores of Lake Eriein the "Onited States. ,

Although the deep water data.are useful for many types of designwork, particularly for preliminary considerations, it is usually the in-shore, shallow water data which are of most interest. These data maybe readily obtained from the deep water data through the use of refractiondiagrams. A partial example for Ludington Harbor on Lake Michigan hasbeen worked out and presented in the publication dealing with wavestatistics on that lake (6), to which the reader may refer if unacquaintedwith the techniques involved.

LAKE LEVELS*

The levels of the Great Lakes fluctuate from year to year and frommonth to month during each year, depending upon the volume of water in thelakes. Continuous records of lake levels have been kept by the Corps ofEngineers since 1860. A summary of these records for Lake Erie is shown jin Figure 3, which is a hydrograph of the monthly average levels from1860 to date. The monthly average was chosen to eliminate the effects ofshort period barometric or wind induced changes in stage. For Lake Erie,the average level during the period of record (1860-1952) was 572.31 feet(above mean tide at New York, 1935 Datum), the highest one-month averageS~ of 574.60 occurring in April 1952 and the lowest of 569.43 occurring in !February 1936. The difference between the highest and lowest monthly average

levels is thus 5.1.7 feet, although the seasonal variation usually ranges

*Much of the following data on lake levels is taken almost verbatim froman unpublished report by the Great Lakes Division, Corps of Engineers,entitled "Preliminary Examination Report on Property Damage on the GreatLakes" issued in June 1952(11).

CLCV 1860 1061 1,,62____ 86306 0047 logo 1600 7766 7707 768l 7000f 11,10 1717 16772 1073 1077. 7076 71876 607 1 7070

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MONTHL MEAN WAERLEEL:F!AK:EDAACMIElYUitAESRE ORSO NIER

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between one and two feet (having an average range of 1.6 feet). Thegreatest range in level in a single season between the high and lowmonth was 2.8 feet, and the lowest was 0.5 feet. The usual pattern ofseasonal variation shows high levels in the summer and low levels in latewinter (Figure 4). The highest monthly aver4ge level is usually reachedin June and the lowest in February, though occasionally seasonal fluctuationshave departed greatly from this pattern.

Figure 5 shows the percentage of time that the seasonal high averagemonthly level reached various elevations on Lake Erie for single, two,three, four, and five consecutive years. For example, it shows that thehigh monthly average each year reached elevation 571 feet or higher 98percent of the time, reached elevation 572 feet or higher 89 percent ofthe time, reached elevation 574 feet or higher 14 percent of the time,and so on. It also shows that while the high monthly average levelreached 572 feet or higher 89 percent of the time in single years, itreached this elevation only 82 percent of the time in two consecutiveyears, only 75 percent of the time in three consecutive years, only 70percent 6f the time in four consecutive years, and only 63 percent of thetime in five consecutive years.

Superimposed on the long range and seasonal fluctuations resultingfrom the actual quantities of water present in the lake, are daily andeven-hourly fluctuations resulting from an unbalance or tilting of thelake surface. These are induced primarily by winds, though some haveattempted to ascribe them to differential barometric pressures. Figure 6is derived from data given in a report by the Great Lakes DivisionEngineer (11) and shows the frequency of occurrence of short periodfluctuations at various gage sites on Lake Erie during the period ofrecord. Short-period rises at intermediate points between gage sites de-pend upon local conditions, but reference to the figures for points inthe vicinity will provide an indication of the rises to be expected.

It has been found (12,13) that, at least for shallow water areas,the rise in levl due to wind stress may be predicted quite accuratelyby the formula

S .l65 x 10- 3 V2 F N cosC(• D

where S is the total set-up (difference in water surface elevations atthe windward and leeward sides of the lake) in feet, F is the fetch lengthin statute miles, V is the average wind velocity over the fetch in milesper hour, D is the average depth in feet of that portion of the lake thatis more or less contiguous to the fetch, a is the angle between the windand the fetch, and N is a shape coefficient dependent on the planform andnearshore hydrography of the particular area. Though methods of computingN are available, unless the area is a very marked convergent bay, it isusually sufficient to assume values of N = 1. The actual rise in watersurface elevation above still water level will be slightly greater thanS/2 depending on the nearshore hydrography; an average value of 0.57 hasbeen in general use, and is quite adequate. Although this formula hasbeen checked quite adequately for shallow areas (experimental tanks,the Zuider-Zee, and Lake Okeechobee) extension to deeper waters, as LakeErie, may be unwarranted, and it should be used with sorme caution.

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FROM REPORT BY GREAT LAKES DIVISION ENGINEER, JUNE 1952

025 s 75 100 125 150 300 490 69Interval In Months Expected Between Recurrence: Of Given Rise

FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE SHORT PERIOD FLUCTUATIONSLAKE ERI E

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REFERENCES

1. Sverdrup, H. U. and W. H. Munk, Wind Sea and Swell: Theory of Re+lationsfor Forecasting, H. o. Pub. 601, 1947.

2. Arthur, R. S., Revised Wave Forecasting Graphs and Procedures, ScrippsInst. of Oceanog. Wave Report 73, 1947 (unpub).

3. Bretschneider, C. L., Revised Wave Forecasting Relationships, Proc-eedings of the 2nd Conf. on Coastal Engineering, 1951.

4. Hydrographic Office, Techniques for Forecasting Wind Waves and Swell,H. 0. Pub. 604, 1951.

5o Hydrometeorological Section, U. S. Weather Bureau, Analysis of Windsover Lake Okeechobee During Tropical Storm of August 26-27, 1949,Hydromet. Report 26, 1951.

6. Saville, T., Jr. , Wave and Lake Level Statistics for Lake Michigan,Beach Erosion Board Tech. Memo. 36, 1953.

7. Milwaukee District, Corps of Engineers, Lake Michigan Wave Measure-ments at Milwaukee,Wisconsin, Misc. Report 20/203-1, 1933 (unpub.).

8. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A Statistical Study of Wave Con-ditions at Five Open Sea Localities Along the California Coast,Wave Report 68, 1947 (unpub.).

9. Barber, N. F., Ocean Waves and Swell, London Institution of CivilEngineers, Maritime and Waterways Division, 1950.

10. Darbyshire, J., The.Generation of Waves by Wind, Proceedings of theRoyal Society, Series A, Vol. 215, No. 1122, 1952.

11. Great Lakes Division, Corps of Engineers, Preliminary ExaminationReport on Property Damage on the Great Lakes Resulting from Changesin Lake Level, June 1952 (unpub.).

12. Keulegan, G. H,, Wind Tides in Small Closed Channels, Jour. Res.,Nat'l. Bur. Stds., RP 2207, v. 46, n.5, 1951.

13. Saville, T., jr., Wind Set-up and Waves in Shallow Water, Beach ErosionBoard Tech. Memo. 27, 1952. f

1I

[ ii11 -

WAVE AND LAKE LEVEL STATISTICS

FOR

LAKE ERIE

APPENDIX A

WAVE STATISTICS

FOR

STATION A

MONROE, MICHIGAN

TABLE A-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR ,LAkE ERIE STATION At MONROEMICHIGAN"Duration given In hours, Height and period ormnninas Include lower value but not the upper,

_____.__ JANUARY

Period / 2 Seconds 2. - . Seconds 3.+- Seconds 4-. Seconds 5" 6 Seconds /- 5 Seconds

1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totnl 1948 1949 1950 'Total 1948, 1949 1950, Total. 1948 1949 1950 Total

•#,,m 2.4 4.. _,ra •-9i-F A."" . z-•.w o

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FEBRUARY.

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69: __18.118

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Perio /. __ __2_ Secnds .~'. Seconds ...... .... . ...Secod. .........cods..eonds . -'-.S 6 Secnd

't/ 19 4 9 490 ota 48 9 49 Tt '8 79 948I149195 T 498 4 4 t 14 Z94 29T2

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l .. . . . - - .. . .

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A-I

TABLE A-ISTATISTICAL HINDCAST 'DATA FOR LAKE -ERIE STATION A, MONROE,MICIlGAN

Dutoilon glyv In:-lo . HItlht and perlod .groupinge Include lo er value but not the upper, 1MARCH

Peri.d /. 2 Secondi 2

., Seconds ... • Seconds -.-.- _ Seconds Seconds .-. s--" Seconds

NelIIl cL ___1 94811949 1950 Total 11948 1949 1950T9 5 Totanl 1948 t949 1950 Total 1909 .a0 Tol Ir -ff•._J------------------------------------------ __

-- 14

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r. ,, ............... . ... . ..... c... ... ---------- ...----- ...... .. ...--------

APRIL

Period / - 2. Seconds 2Z - ,3 Seconds ,,,3- •' Seconds " ,f-..* Seconds Second~s ,/ - ._ Seconds ,

S....w t__ '948 1a949il950 Total11948 1949 t950 T"otal 1948 1=949 't9.50 Total '948 194911950 Total 1948 i 1949 950 Totol !1948 1949 1950 ITotloIi

21.12

4. - . .... ... ............ 3. 1

i•--• ....-----------------------------

A-2 A- 1 01 01 A

'i

j669 _J 3 A

2-3~~~ C.Zi 27.7487L 9

90- 24. 76 Y,0

A-2,~

--- -- - .. - - .

TABLE A-I

STATISTICAL HINDGAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROEMICHIGANDuration given In hours. Height tind period groupings include lower value but not the upper,

MAY.-

Period /- 2 Seconds 2 - 3 Seconds _q. Seconds 4--.~-Second.s /..4" Seconds_

HT(EET 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total .1948 1949 950 Total

_N . 1. _./.2 , / 2 , -.. . . . ... /2. - /_2.

1-2

"S-- I -.. _/ - - -. _. _c: ...... .2 . ./ .....

Z'oC,, *11 7,2 --2 ,,.1 Iq /0Z .1- 4Z 174"

: L2, -/ _...0 _466- .../,. . . _ -7.•N _ _ L.__ _L _aa __ __ __ __...

2-3 -.Z. -,&a

-- I- Z, -z 1z2 2 4 - 4C6 .,6,,

6~ a

.z& /A 121 .b. z~ /112~?

JUNE

Period 1-2. Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3- + Seconds 1 - Seconds

HEIGHT(FET ___ 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total__ /2 d . 6 .... _ /8 6 3o

" E /,2 /., 9, . I __

,•,,,,B 2 340 9e 4-, &l 1 •,12,, -,,70 C,0 /026j 4 O 34~ 54 4- 2 3g - Av.0

A.j-. j ,,_ ,_ ,. •s 54 _

-1-7--------Z-------1A--4- 4-Z

- ~ ~30 9478, -6 A412112

__ _ _ 5 / J j '

7 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 3-19~. NIP~J'S_'6/5

r4 ~ ___L Z!! -7;30_4 ,, 9ýAZ F

A-3

TABLE A-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST,, DATA FOR LAK•E ERIE STATION A, !ONROE,MICHIGANDuration given In hours. Heigfht and period groupings include 1kwer value but not the upper,

J U L Y . - -

Period /-.2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds -7- 4- Seconds / -4 Seconds

CIGHTJFEET 1948 1949 1950 Tofal 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949' 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

. /.Z

Z., /2 18. - -.... _. _.

12 /2 ,_ 12

Az 4,..Jd 5... 24 /. - _

,SB • '• 1 5 8 __ 1 .. /2.. __ /2

NE~ ....k - 6 - 42 .rd' /S 3._ 12/, 4 98 763.

A•4- ___6. ..... 6; 6N2-3 E './.. 12 I '

-•,/ , _" /,,i.S 74 ..?Z-4, /6 2 3 J_, 54 1, /A02 4- 4-.0

AUGUST

Period / -. 2 Seconds 2- 3 Seconds 3-4- Seconds -,/ Seconds

NHE¶O8Y4UT ___ 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

436 46 __2 4_ _

- __/ /.2 /2 __ ; / _. =_

s-4 . -.1 P/.2 /_ /, /& /9

96S. 6 . . // Z_ :1rcy 7A Zg /.o /-,, /9 ......... /- z 941.2 !•

iA/4 .5 /.&- ,* 34 30 61 /7Z - /-,-"

2.3 - /A /2 __ /2

I 5 _ __]

ri)A-- 9v ?a ?a _70 _2e zo. / -/2 18 /09 138 4-6

am- _ZI 1 2 ~F ~A-4j

'TABLE A-I

STATISTICAL HINDOCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROEMICHIGANDuration given In hours, Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper,

SEPTEMBER

Period /- .2 Seconds .2 -3 Seconds 3- 4' Seconds 4. .., Seconds Seconds /- Seconds

1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totai 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 950 Total.A%19 - - _._0.a. ,M / 9 /zs

_ 1 -2 4 '42

. .•* _•9 . J; 2

-sy 7P22/

1-8 -_ •._ _/.1. _JIfJ JA- 78 /9a P6'p.. . . 1,..2 _ 42

-A - /_•_ A_2.42

5_4 2Z 3:1A12- /.2. /2

1f.• / _ ----- ----

f-3 _ i 6 2- .-6 12_ 12-1.

__"_•12/2 /Z2 _// /Z 12

4-5 /2/2" , __- - - - - - - - - - - - - - /2

i 7 2 47 - a 1 12

-- ~~~ e22*~.6

4~~~~~ 4&03 & ~ ~ -

P2 ~~~~~1

12~

4 d ~ ~ ~ 24

58 :/0 9 6/8 4 I A9 21,

d..J A L 2. Lf _&• ... /,'. • /

8 , 7 6' 2 _L - 3 W . .. /.

.. .......... _.. .. •!Z • . ..... /2/

_... .... . . ...- ... 4a 1 6 _ 6 ._ . / 4_ .

7MJ 12. 163

;! /, 8 •

T erio 1 -.2 Sec ond 123 Seconds -9 - S - - S / 1

A.5 t A- Jj 2 ?1 a

SA-

-EGTFr - 194 194 195 Toa 19B14-90Ttl14 14 90Ttl19814 90 Ttl14 9915 oa

TABLE A-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROE,MICHIGANDuration given In hours. Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper,

'_____ _____ NOVEMBER

Period 1/-2 Seconds 2,-3 Seconds - Seconds 4-53 Seconds /-5 Seconds I! i_ 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total,

/8!

MEL /A Y 19 /A X9 Yo a Z-ft • ..*

.... ... .. ... ' .....-W -... ... . . . . .- - - - -. 4

- -.. . . .... . . . . .. .~ J . . .. __ . ... . _• . .... .

4.s --_..... ..... .. __Le _ • •!

3. .-................ .... '!"- -A - A 1 /82 49

A t

L'- 1A

DECEMBER

Period 1-2 Seconds 2- Y Seconds 3- f Seconds f - 5 Seconds S - 6 Seconds / - Seconds1948 194911950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 948 1949 1950 Toioi 1948 1949 1950 Total i948N949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totol

.. ,- _-~ 4 _ /_ -/2 _____ /2e

A 6 /

/-2

6-al 6 2412o C /_o 1 301 /32 142 1f4

resf 41 /2 12 24f62 2

-. - - .- . ... ..... -.. .-.-- -..- --- - -. - . .-.. .. .. --. z

/1A

4Z -.-- - -

TABLE A-2

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROEMICHIGANFULL YEAR

Duration given In hours. Height and pe;lod groupings Include lower value but not the upper.

Period /-.2 Seconds .2-3 Seconds 3-4. Seconds 4- 5 Seconds S-6 Seconds /- 4 Seconds

I4CiOT - i948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

"z- .Z ..... 31...8

.. . ,_ l ... . _. 8 . .... .. .. .. ...... Z A u z,

IM 0.0-i - &OIl .ý - 2ea0.Z2,&,3,.W a.7 2,L -? , 49 /5o 624o %,rz Y7,z /

0.. Pe ... . .. ? a.8 . '.2 28 , .,.35

_/A ,/2 •.24 3P 3o,4 Bi o ,•/ 16-08 ÷ .2..

I- - .. 4ý / 3 / $v2?0 4.8 &0 ,II - I , I

-1e. /6 !? -- ,:5, 46 6o -C• o /x ZZ /'-z 4 ••,qx

S- ~~~ 78 ~/0, 24/*~ -- * 27

IA. Ye d84 /23 0 .6 /"f 79 /05 /.z / /8 "72 341 46s "-5

34 A9 4;, 54 / .7 8 1 16 C /0 9 /X? 22.2-3 24 46 A4 54 4 4-2/8/8 149869~/~

/S' 2 1.2I /,' /.Z

r,// A 7 o 11/-?1/2 Z //1/:54 2 f92S&I 654If 2.~ 3 78 6 18/2

- -6 2

4 9.0 I416 6 /7- 2 /24; e 4,

Ig 4 6 /#2 6 8l

66 .624 4. /x .294 4

/Z~~/2 34l 5 !

6 1 /x .26 1

A-7- - 1 61 W

41 .. ... 3. 6__ - •4• • -3e-1ý 7 >

1 ~ ~ ~~~d 1zl.L.L<j

7A-

- . -/,f /S a 1 24124--1

TABLE A-hSTATtSTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROEMICHIGAN

ICE-FREE PERIOD (I APRIL-30 NOV.)Duration given In hours. Height and peWiao groupings Include lower value but not the upper,

period /-,Z Seconds 2. Ynds onds - Seconds 'Seconds S-/s-6 Seconds1948 1949 1950 total 1948 -1949 1950 1 Total 1948 1949 1950- Total 1948 1949, 01950 Total l1948 1949 1950 Total

...7 . .- • 6 90

122 /.4 4__ .2

4f q4to--9 723j~

1-2 - .g da m a., 7 8 , 3•• - , o ._, ..Z • _ , • _ . . . 2 . f/_ _

_L - -%0

----- 2 42 lo,, .A4.Z ./,9 /,J• ,,•-----------------.-.... 2• _3._•_

/Z~ - 1-- 404 _8

we/- --It - - "A 6._ 4 -__ 2Z• ý, J.2a 6

Mf30 ./ 430 t- z 4..a,,

S/.34: /,o g4 Zo.• 12 /.? /;2 .¢8 44.... .. . 4, /8 ?.0 •,; 14

_...44 .24 S: €, I 4 4-,1 2, M_

•NAC 2•_8 •4 3C.1 , / ;#•3 31946//

_ _ 9/9 _ _e_

AI -_z 4 f 3.6

4 4

62,7 2 -, 4,4 36 .,9 /4 X- '6 ,.z -4 3-

LI -L -_ - - - - 49

"F rw 6 -2 9'.L .iý _.._ 7 -

Y'•dl 1 12 /2 .•

72~/z5/ Af Jp C-!j9q222~r eý Z60

A:-8,

TABLE A-4

STATISTIGAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROE,MIGHIGANICE-FREE PERIOD (I APRIL-30 NOV.)

Energy given in foot-pounds per foot of crest per year X 10i4,

Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper

Height Period

(feet): .r 1-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds Y-Y4 Seconds 45- Seconds 5- Seconds /0 Seconds

55 /82 _ .33.7

- ./ 8 .. .. .J ... 84/2••2 .3 324 ....54,2_

2,02 242 .. ,444

_s_ 107 20 1_./27

*I2l/ 4o2 3 ?4'S ___5"__ 4177_,_ 24040o 4-32, . // ____ ____5

S..... .8 .... . 3 2 JL -o - s/•

Hs 89 372/ . ... 11-2 /78 . 710_ _ _ _ __ _ _ ~ 5f

r,4,f /# 7 5Z E6 ''•.' 7 ""2,19140- 4 , -f . -.- ________ _____....__ _ .____ ___

-/- ... 23/S_ _____.J ___..__ 7_

ss- e ____ 3 7 __ ._•______. . . ._ .. ._____ _ ".3 2 _.._ - o,275

___________ý _ _4709

_, _ _ _ _,,____ _ * 2. . ..

__-__ ___ __ • .__._._• Z#f ......... -_,.-_

T• 2240 , /5,93/

__ __ _ __ __._._ - . ...

_s____ -. .. . .. ., • _

7Z3..... . ZB . . . /727 "" -/5•o57

""___ __ 524 4 ,4/2, .4

7-1 _e_• _ _..._-,a.. _ a

-A-9

II ,TABLE A-5

STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION A, MONROE, MICHIGANFULL YEAR

Energy given In foot-pounds per foot of crest per year X 10-tHeight and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper

Height Period(feet) =D. 1-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3S Seconds 4-5 •econds 5- " ,eonds /-6 Seconds

AW 281 . 40 ..... ... _ _... .. 3.2 5"

16 250 2P2 T3 _ __7_,

_•._ ____.-..____ ,20 4 __ '__ ,__,__.•

_2_ 22 ..2 ,7___

IgI &4TL 7 to 2_7-& fmt 022-L 5_q65. 304JR

S- - _.,__. 4•__.Z . ... 4_581

42 L7. , /ir% .,______ ._____

I/_, z7i. A•4__ - t!0

_.N !_ _ _.. . ... . ... . _.÷ _.. . . . . . . . . _ .•

3-4 -q _____45 izI 4t~. -, -___, ___/•

h1 4.562 - __ _

3- _ 415 0054_____

e59 . ' ...424. 7 4 1..4 ...

gsl // - -I/..;

if~~~~ 77___ __

r2,G __77__ Z____ 7-4-~d L /o~

6- & Z19_ 2_f__455

A7-S

_ __4?

Oz

UU) 9

oo 0

0' 0 -V~489A. Ul 446!OH 9AD Uji0WJ

zo

C-C

0 It5 050 W

w z-Ilto - ix

14

Station A Lakle Erie (Monroe)

O.6,G0F.-REE PERIOD,(V APRIL - 3-NOV.)

ILI

4

%"- .2 .04 .06 .08.1 .2 .4 .6 .61 2 4 O6 l a 0 0 40 0SO 100

TOTAL DURATION OF WAVES GREATER THAN OR* EQUAL TO STATED HEIGHTIN PERCENT OF TIME'

FIG.A-

(n

14 criU

zu

10-

- '-Station A Lake Erie (Monroe)* UL-YA

0 0 ICI!.FREE PERIOD (I APRIL-30 NOV.)

.0-0 04 .0.06.of1 .2 . .6 .81 2 4 66a10 20 40 6)1060100FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WAVES GREATER: THAN OR EQUAL TO STATED HEIGHT IN PERCENT OF DAYS

FIG. A-3

A-12

AVERAGE FULL YEARSd" (216 x 107)

*0-4 Ie-. AVERAGE ICE-FREE PERIOD

-2-3 Sec., I~e-Free Period. 73w

2Sec. Ice-Free Period

z (4 x 107)

__ 23-4 Sec.,IIce-Free Period

I Ir (31 x 1 07)- I - Se. \c-re Pro-_ ------

NE ENE E ESE SE. SSEDIRECTION

AVERAGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TRANSMITTED SHOREWARD PER FOOT OF CRESTLENGTH PER YEAR IF WAVE SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED AS AN HYPOTHETICAL UNIFORMSYSTEM COMPOSED OF WAVES OF SIGNIFICANT HEIGHT AND PERIOD ONLY.

LAKE ERIE- STATION A (Monroe)

FJG. A-4

A-13

S... .• • -:--;:.; -- , • •K• •, •.` :..`` L`• •`` `.'...'''. :• • `•. • • • :z • vL-• ,••.•-••-•- .-;• ,•,•-,,.-. =V,.--, A

WAVE AND LAK E LEVEL STATISTICS

FOR

LAKE ERIE

APPENDIX B

WAVE STATISTICS

FOR

STATION B

CLEVELAND, OHIO

___ __ 1

TABLE B-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR' LAKE ERIE STATION.B, CLEVELAND, OHIODuration given In hours. Height and period groupings Inclumi lower value but not th. upper.

JANUARY

Period /*-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds .9. - . Seconds ,, -X Seconds, /- " Secondsme"Timp 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 194 11950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totol 1948 t940 950 Total 1948 194911950 Totol

.j ,i/- .... i-& _•.. . /2,_. a.. /,dj 6 2"

A . 4.. ... /2. 6/6 -8•/. '.- - - - .--a - .~ -6 /21

..W - .... .. 42 /2 5 & i . 1./2 2- 72 6 /,0,W.b*. Az/Z/ 2*,6 4a 122,1

/6 /12 0~ 2-6 0 21-2.....•................64. /Z , 6 . . ./.

A. /2 // ,3o. 2"E /12 *21A..... 6

. .12 6/6 6 .,z 3.6 2 /2.2

•# .... . ... .. z. .z ."l /A.. .. /z /,. 4 .._ /" 2/ ,./Z /Z & -302 2 2 . i - z &-

_/'-..... ".I. /2. /Z /Z x (2 /,2 f21 79

1 . 2 12. - 2.,. 12 Z%I/- ...... . -4/. /2. 6A 1 734 -2f4

,/. /Z. /Z 2f -3.6 /12 JA 1.

•.,w,. ........... I, 6. /2/6 6 / 2 •

1'I 12 1, .q 9116 ( 1 4 41 42_"W 1 12 6L /a.1 /Z. -?

3"- .v12•"! 1 " 12, 164ý -•/" 1,

"" " I 7/ /2p-8 w,-- .! -i• I 6/•

Si'

- 6 f '

TABLE B-ISTATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE EFRIE STATION B, LEVELAND, OHIO

Duration, given In hours, Height and period groupings Include lower valu, but . not the upper,

FEBRUARY

Period /, Seconds ,A. Y Seconds Y- 4 Seconds *-' Seconds /$ Seconds

1948 194911950 Totol 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1948 194q 1950 Total

.jiI__.--_ 6. , ••A,/ . -6 6 /4

i. /2 2424 /2 /2 62 36a .5-f6 . " / 6 30 4, 6 /2 /8 /2,/88

1.2 24 Y36 /22z4E3612 / . .• 1/2 /8

1-2 -/~630 _6 6, 2 16 2 /4-2

3 .,2 -24 12 42- 4-,2 4 /8 64;

I- i .. . . ._ _ 2 __ •

42/60 4 1 2 e '244216 06 /

.,,a/. 7 5 24 4- ,. 1 7 6• /21 3/8 4 4 2 1 1 6 /2*42

W' 1/ 44 (56 1

-- /. /2 12/2

S/2a18 .4 16 / -p

/,,It 2 ' /2..2 i• /2. /2K .. 4

-41 6* 6 16~

66 //2 /2A21 24

ratlI1A ~ , I M 1 24 18 8,0 1 1 131a ,'/Y-,122 /27~~~ 146 / 6

6 126 6!1

121 18i~ 1 6 T72 12 41 6!/8 9a*~ 1~ 61j/ 1214S /62/8 /ad

//~2/26 3.0/ 1 3

-78 121 12 50ý3 30 12 121 -S6

Tr-6 Wej& /8 647 /ZO. /,Z 240 12 324

7- 8 i~~ 1211 1

TABLE B-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 3, CLEVELAN6, OHIODuratioon given In hours. Height and period groupings Incklde Iower doi. lus t not the upper.

MARCH

Period /- 2 Seconds 2-_3 Seconds -. ,4 Seconds I .*- .T Seconds 5-,6 Seconds 7- (V Seconds L-- Seconds

1948 1949 1950 Total 1946 1949 1950 Total 1948 19491 950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Tofol 1946 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949' 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totoa

-lw (0 4 612/2 /18 6-W /A 2 .. A$

M/ 30 2 _.

-f "" Ye , 46. - . --6

2-3 N11w• ;I .. __• __ _ .z

Az3S -12-16 6 ' .. .. .

, 6 /A 2 /f! 2 1 ice , .. .- . .6 / .zi 2f -/J

,W 2-/ , /6 -, _. .' : &- -,, 2 -J z.-5 ,,5.i I • , ' ' .-J.

2- A ,£ 2# • 7.- 2./ 12 .. •

/VW 2 /Z~/ -f

A*E ,i*

/2-z

/Z .I U.;- -4a......

ZZ1 A I 3 Z- 4S- M/-/.Z I , '2,12 .2-f 12. 121.2

~A.I f 6 ; t, 6 . . ..

A_. A I ' 6;,6 30 " /-

9 -oI.•I ' / hi ;2 3 I , I -

6; !6/Z 4r____ 21 24 12. 7f 2

I IN'

- 4

7 6 .. . . .2. 1c .. .. .6 /W& -. Z _____ 12 /Z/

re 2 Ma! 72, 769241 /.S/d /0,1 SWO /a;, 510q 1/., X 42

-CA'iI

B-3 _________

TABLE 'I-STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND, OHIO

Duration given in hours, Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper.APRIL

Period /- 2 Seconds 2 -3 Seconds 3-• Seconds 4-5 Seconds /-S Seconds

HEIGHT(FEET 19481194911950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Tptol 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total-Va~6. * ..... 6 . .' /2 /2,

_ /,Z /2 /2 42

42 12 X4 /0 66 34j;/S18 /24 6/, a4

Y-2 .O 30 /,z 7z 30 42 7;Z_ Y_/8~ C.4 6. 6 /8/2.9 0

36 / J 8 4:z' 5

1-- ;m, 72 .1; o /f62rI 18 I8 I /8 41

1' A'w /2. ,,/8 Y o/l 1 7 2"1 ,4' i . /2+1, 718 18

4/A .. / 3 /a 7& I24'- N 4 12 Z4 .1 /6 24WWl~ Z+ 6 3/0

'Y. to Wi,,,, ,i

a /.Z t24- /6/ 423e.116. 181 7.2 . 84- 90 5+228

W '

4j/2 168 /0'- //Xl/24 /.2 421 Z4-2

?o€ .! i 11; ,.2, 42 *2 412

-l Z. 1, 2 1. Z44_a [ 2 4 7 4s, i 2* 1 7 1 /O I

A'w• . I I I, 1/. 4 • •",/ ' I. ,

#- ''i" ' Ij I ', , I ,

6" jW/, 1' /2 16 2/VW 6/2 6j /28/2

/.Z-12 /2,C 18. 64 /6r /*Z, /8 ,8

W6. A *6.b2- I I , 6.6 ,6

7 '- , A8 110f, YO. 4. . 1.f6.. 1,

707 A/ 0 6~ . .. 720,720.720 Zle4

iB

.1

'-

TABLE B-ISTATISTIOAL RINOCAST DATK FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 8B, OLEVELAND,01410

Duration glvow In hours, Height and, period groupings Includ* lower value, but not the upper,

- ~ . _____________ MAY _______ _______

Perlod /-2 Seconds 2--V Seconds 3-1- Seconds 4..-5 Seconds /-,_ Seconds"t 4, 19 49 11950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1946 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totol

..S. .AT4: 6 4 I. /

w.2. 12 , . /16 21&.4'W.~ ~ 4 2 6 4 6 /a' -, w~~ _.. 2y 2+1 dO/,• 4 4, 30 21 6/2o.,_312f Z3o 4 ,0 me J/2 21. Io Z. O

Yd /-, O 72 12 / 2 . 30 /Z .i .•.40/0 /2 40981/12 4.6 *;-0.69

_ .. .. ...... .. . -, _ 22 /

4A 4/Z 1 -Td? /Z- 46 212,Z . /200 / Z .,2'.. /2. /_ / 12-3 ,W• /22 I•6 .4ic. /2/2 -• , •

4. 4.4 /'f /Z~ -14t 610 1Z2d//2 ,.4 4, //1 ./ 34

4 4 6'/2 /,Z 21 /Z /A, 21-A'... .3 "6 ,8/ _ ,,

-A/ Al. 0 49, Z30-*4. e. .. 3d.~, ~ - -'q 4404/ 302

7W A I t.-1",-" -I i + '&11W. e. /.R.Id

_ _ _ , I_

-=- JUNE

f IrlIod /- .2 Seconds 2? - 3 Seconds '- 4" Second, /- 4.. Seconds

neisan~tlreen 9819915 TII14 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 TOtal 1948 1949 1950 Total

41 6

.# /+2/.2 /2.•/2•.- .,',' /2.</. 6 /8 /.2/•.. 2,

_w. /. I - • /

,/2 •. 24 42 A _ ./• ..

4, •6 4 4 , /2 : /27.,V ~. I' ,2 6 -'.6

"JV ,, ri/21/2 6'++-I /C

_x. . l '1 6A1L24 V.

?" /"4 /2+o + +/8 021 ,,4/+•- . 'I

7;: 44 J.9 2-f 12.C0 .04j 11f/auf Z048 12

1I a6 /9 16 /OZ -Z 1

7W- 12 2i0 -?o14 9 .,,1 ' 2 --o 49

B -5

-w- 126 18 2 4'/

TABLE B-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST' DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 8, CLEVELANO, OHIODuration given In hours, Height ckd period groupings include lower value but not the upper,

__________ - ~JULY _______

Period / "2 Seconds 2 -3 Seconds .3-* Seconds "f-S Seconds /- S Seconds)leIerTOT 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 194$ 1949 1990 Total

I .. /1. 1 //Z /2

.. 4.6 'z 1. /1 6 ,Z

M4 /2 ?P/

e6 4 4•:,, i2-3• 2f.• ztt/ .z • ,•, /•/'L /40P /Z /W2

. 4 , , , /Z -1 /4 - Z / 7,ASv / / / /2. 14.. 6 /5- I ~ ;a,'

IV 61

AA1ml cj /8 2 j 14 'C /d .? 4

71W�t ./,12 /8_ IW*6 /21 ~

_ _UST.

Period /-2 Seconds 2- 3 Seconds 3- f Seconds !-4- Secondse•l|eTIrco 1948 194911950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

.6S'. 4V 4 4 .4 4.•4 1

NW4 4 802431

/j -8 2 4 /4' .•.z 64 34 .1%03d] 1 . / 1/0 4 /zf-

4-Jr .1 3 1 1, '1

6 '

N p0/f- 1/1 3-.t

WA O 4984-R At 3d4 4222~6 3a,,

-V 4 . - -?. 49V0 1W.7 ~2" /AZ -4 -7 14 74 7ZI/Z4e 'o70 2,A5 11 /12a 2-O -y 50

-W 1212 , 'Q 'k;B'I

TABLE a-iSTATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 8, CLEVELAND, OHIO

owatlon glven in houw. HqIJiteond period' groupings Iclun lower value but not the upp•.SEPTEMBER,

.jo /--2 Seconds .2 -3 Secondý 3"- 1- Seconds - " Secood fr . SecondsM91GTP ' " 1948 I949 1950 Totol 1948 194'9 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 'Total 19481:194911950 Total

S_:....Z ~/ 2 /2 / 6 /.g 3,. ./,A / ./, /2 /.** /A 6 e w

.,Y6/ . 18 Az I2 1

-6z6

1- ~ e-4 /2 .08 A# 3 6m

.,/6 6, 0 7 /.z,4 6 Zf/92 4-6

-76 .j -/ / . - /Z. - /"6 6, 30 4 g, /.2 .2 -J7

/d 6 66 ' ,

/$~ ~ 4C.f 6 8/02

6 66/.3 46 /Z 1825

"• -/" I ' j L..I 2';,4 -' -. .. .. ' .. • 3o6

66 12 .u/2 z4-ti

/,# .9 2, 4

B/, /21 6/ /

12163 d9' 6. 42, ,,11911 6 21 361 8-

OV46 4 1,63No 16 6

il -7

S -r_0 A! Hu Il

TABLE B-ISTATISTICAL HINbCAST- DATA, FOR LAKE ERIr, STATION R, CLEVELAND, OHIO

Duroilon glven In !bhaou Halk and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper.

._______, ,O- TOBER_

Period. 12 .,Seconds 2-.5 Seconds Se- ,conds . t-. Seconds J- . condswr eij u 1948 194911950 Totol 1948 9!49 1950 Total 1948 1949. 1950, Total i948 1949 1950 Total 1948 19*9 1950 Tot•l

S.J•t , 2 • .• ;. /,2 . .•".'- -Z2 Az1.

' ' • ----------.....----.-----...... 1../ .

.12 -. / 4% .2f4

i • .•V•: • 14 2 /18 &' •,.lZ/2 12 .,1

,'.,/ • • . • / 2l, /,8 2, /. /, .. wV o • • 2•

S_ . ..2

/ 2f. / 2 -

IV / . /, 62 / 0/2 V4 ."d,

-_. //e / 6 4 12 /2- 6 / 47 2 . A2

-Awe.. . ... 12 / * 6/2 /1E& 24 12 1A SIE 0 -M"- -- ~ 22

12.. /1 /16 2f.9

317- 12 eI '

7-

TY-40 6 _ 6/,

/2w_ 12 12 --va

-WIAW

B78

^ ,z

1ABLE B-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND, OHIODuration given In hours, Height and period groupings Include lower vc'ue but not the upper.

-NOVEMBER

Period /- 2 Secondu 2- 3 Seconds 3- I 'Seconds + -. ,5' Seconds 45" C Seconds /- a Seconds

1!9'.8 1949 950 Total 1948 i949 1950 Total 1943 1514911950 Total 1948,1949 1950 Totol 1j8948911950 Total 948 1949 1950 Total

. .6 / 1" / 2.

6N . 1 ! , /.a m

#/w. _ - 6 . ii /2• /2m

*zr /2 At6 I 12 418,

W-4. 1 1 30, ,,8 'f 4C I, 1__.1A I I 1 "1 34 -7. 846 W 42 6 6 1/,-A

/2kv1 /Z~ 30 121 12 6/8-4

.. _v 1 .2+fi/2. /12.t

A',I /,/2 .. * • /2- /8/2/2..42

'_5 w 66 1 618 12 6 I /a 14 Q 660AIW 6 a~6

-W 6 1 ' 6

1301 9 14 2L 341022 1 s4 6o36 5

-7 /2' / 2 12 /Z 24,46 -7C 49 W?

-/Y ~66 4', 6 I 6 6 /Z

6, 4" 1. • .

. : /8 12 6 I / 4

1 W- --

6 6/ 12 X6

WNW !'/•Z-___' _ _••_ 1-2 1'2 /Z

-2 /4.2 12 24--4

L2 MR'

-9.

TABLE BI-

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND, OHIODuration given In hou's. Heliott and period groupings Inolude lower value but not the upper.

________DECEMBER . __

Period /- 2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3- 4- Seconds 4.-,5* Seconds / X-.- Seconds

HII5NTtrT __ 1 948 1949 1950 -Total 1948 1J949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

"'",/ ,tv~w_ . ....• 6 6

S.. ...... & ,.4', _-/, /~z /2,.• -"6_l:..... . / .5?' " , "•' /2r l ,,•i 3o. 4 ?

./8 ..... . J08 •' 3 a7-

/.Z/.

.,' ". . . . ' ,,/6. -.- . 6 6 6 Z ,•

...... IA. 4./a . *.6 /A /Z ._/ _'/d/ /7

,-.,t.,, /,z I f , /,8 tz . z@• s-, e 0 •* .. • • ,,

/- 2. 12, i /d ,e / /fe -'

2-3 . . 44..6. 666 .

.4 /;z 3 /2•. /8AL /Z /Z /2ý7

_-l•. /2/3;• •• , /2 .94-Z /2,

A0I .99 1

1A , 1 AZ I fZ 1Q 4

//2.

X_ MY6 /

4245'7 3

6-4 4w 2/6 _

- 74eT -v--

9~'/J366Z/6~Bf3o*,107

TABLE 8-2STATISTICAL HINDOCA DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND; OHI

FULL YEARI urollon given In hours,o Hekg anid perWo groupings Inc6&d lower value bu ot W t*. upper,

Period j.j. Socoqds 2-.3 Seconds y-. 1 Seconds f ~ Soeonds X1-4 Seconds 1 - 7 Seconds 7-0 Seconds /-.0 Stemoduurry - 1948 1949 1990 Total 1949 1949 1950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1941819,49119901Tat. 194894 190Tl 94 99 90Tos 94 1949 9950 Total 1948 1949 190 Too1

W~~~ee1 , Id. _44,~ ..-.

.. A'h1.6. 2f' A2 6/.f /Z .J4 -9 -34

. 4~e'~2 34 40 2f/' 6~ 6Xf -o

-MIC .M_ 4 2.f J / .422CC

2 .f 7 6 ' . J f4 1/ A 0 J J , 6 .3 0 0 z 7 .-wNv.'-~ .9~.~.dddd.,, 2.t~ 2. 410 .'--# .Z4 .- 2AX _"A,71!

Vw.~...6/ '.Z'I 6 /A 2.0~. - . . . .. , . ./'.6J7 /sef MJ/2 _/82; 6M /'s 44. ap oz"- -NNW -. 4 4

6O/4ff Ie eJ4.9f /6./ 367-/Z /SO. zm-. -f ".,z

.464 J O/;,,1, -4%Z 7 /0 M. .1 .j7.. .... U.Z.1"m

.... .4 /./ 6.7 7Z 67

w 2~~0 y6 v ..1.i 6 7 2 "7 - .,0/Z '.J 14,9z S /2a 0222 4:.. ..4~eww...9 g, 4 -.Id -- A. 6.,e.......-f .. %

23o fz . / *20 20 -4,0222 74 _/ - f

fA --AZ .96' P*12f , -"&f feL2BZ

4 1 V21 70 .99 90 / f6222 //- .J --. e J'2.

7z -no 1*ig 'fl.7 7_ _ .

____ /.? /z2F07-44 l

raft _a AMU __ f __ //I_ _f _ _ _ Of- - - - _f _21 1A _ _

fell 1-1 Af "t 1 e ? 0--1~ 66~j_1

/Z6/

ri-/4 -al-

-IIz

S~TABLE B-3

STATISTICAL HINDOCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND, OHIOICE-FREE PERIOD (IAPRIL- 30 NOV.)

Duration alsn In hours, Height 6md Derlod groupings include kower Yalu@ but not the upper,

Period /-2 Seconds 2-3 Soct900 , .- Seconds -..5 Seconds 5*'- Seconds /-9 Seconds

I]e"Ieym] 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949' 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totl 1948 1949 1950 Total 948 1949 1950 Total

__ -18 . - J 6

J-8. .- 2/z 2. 42. 24 f 24 1iZ 30 A.6-024 42 4 i 24 ...... 24 -1Z. 3 ,

-/g.424 -/a 6,214..3 '8.4-4

A.&-3 .24 .74 9 R44 /2. 6.4.. .F .2. 7. 13o/ 5/&

-181- .24 42/86 -18 ,/.... .8 , 4 P0~ A" d• ' 16t 19A Ao ,n 3 / p , 174 10.2 2" z ,j d4

-W Alo 18*2 90 6 /8.61, 24 4.... 4 11/4.WA -/ -. .Af44-4 4 8 AZ- 4.,0 - 14 72 722.70

+ 4- 6 12 .84. 42 9o216 /2 6 18 ...-... ?o 5 5 /02.24SJ 6 6 2.4 //It 37 2 102 6 37.. . . .. .......a . 1/4 8 / .106

1-2 . 62/ 20/21 ~i .:.Ps.. - j~ 7- ./..4 4V

AM 4f4 78 300 425 ý4 42/38 ... /0 /o ,IR.4

" 6..w 6.6 36 7,92/23084..3 .....AA-2 JZ!I?2L" &P- 4m--VA-------Z 7J.62301

4- 2 3, ' 2: /8 /08 m /Z _84 ,31. _. 2go' *.636 96 A9 24 .7./38 /-?8 60 7-Rýl

•. dW£ . .l, Z, 1 02.5 4 78,.3 ,4/Z. .. .. . ... .., ,,.,eg/8 6 ,448 3.4 72-..42 45,50 -2, , .7A6 4&4.f.j. 6 12..21.24 78 9O. 44 2. 1/I 4w ?.-q

./ '.04 /,a ... . .. 7 4 4-8 3e. 54 ma_( - -- J . - 24

2421 so 646 /61 3 - 146 ,..4. 9101$

6 ,Z/14 1-7TA 91224 •/21 1 41 __ 48 1 WA•_.Z,

./8 24�/2 783"6 •54/ I8 .. . I.66z25

•- '...6 I? •2.- ' 6 . ... ... -I _ .. 24 _.ER

6 '/Z /a 241 /d60 4D -e 42fi4 7z2S42 4310 /20 *9 42a4.019

24 -ý 24229 ?V 94 4211. .2P-.y4C4.-IN -5148 /M 38- '

V, . / 1 1.2/ 67-2_.K.2 2Y6 64 ..... -

12~~ ~ 1,143 76 P29f'4 48 1z22 64.18/2/264 24, Y- 404 6 1

IV2 8 -- 12,

/2 6 a /4 /2r 8

46 6 1 6 46./P54 Lv 1 . ...C 18 a J 6 -9

'-3,.• . .6 /2• 6 /,2,-N a t A/Z 6 /6

,1 .,. - •. l .

4 .24 31 44.

.IA!

-B'I2.- 2;V.- .~.

TABLE 0-4

'STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION B, CLEVELAND, OHIOICE-FREE 'PERIOD (I APRIL- 30 NOV,)

Energy gIven in foot-pounds per foot of crest per year X 104,

e;IHelgo and Period groupings Include lower value but not the upper. ,Period .. .. .

" r,1 )2 Seconds 2-9 Seconds Sewde t•-.fl j fi ._'-s U ./-/ s-nd,

_W_ JOA I&A _

S ,,/ _.P .//.l-

C~k z 24

.5- 0/ d..4L.____fw ,sZ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ ' ¢s

-w4~ ._.Zz ___ J _ _/ -2 .. LL 2 L L A

~M.-zI ---.--,''- __ _ _ _ _ ... ,•_ _

__- ____ _~J,?_ __. 5 Z..t._...•

__ _ ___-_,4 QI .

.- _-_ _ ,_ _ _ - __ ,L_ . ., . ._ _ _ .. _

-_W__ __ *_--- .7A-U' ..- Z,--4..._

_ _ 74_• _ •__

_,_ _ .• Z._2L __L4Ld_2

_ .. -g" 24±/ zP L

B-!3

TABLE 8-5STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 8, CLEVELAND, OHIO

FULL YEAREnergy given In foot-pbunds per foot of crest per Year X I0', Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper

MoHeht Period "(feet)! r.- ,z Seconds z.-.I Seconds -4 !it Wods 4&-$-Secnds " StoonJo 7-of-Secondlsl /-id Seconds

r 4 -• L.. __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ..___ . 72

*' ./ .. ..... ... 2 .92

419 LZ& K4 ze?~

MWf A*4 4Ldet

42AL P ~ -3.%7

47-4/. /. ..... .- - I- .- ..

4M - -- - -. -

t2 7#2 ---- Z4 . _ at

,IV 2 7.7' •,,IP•" 7• P ... ,77

Aljd :06 ~ J43

~~ d -7 -- ---- -_w,,,.•/ - .4•a~zj .J... 7.,Z Z_.... g•... .

_•. •CA 9 .....- --. 1ra. q

-- ' -__ _ --.i,01_ .• 7. , -, 7e Z -2 .--. 2.

.. Z'- aj. - MZ 2

6-7 _ /.6, 0-42f

P- ,o , _,.______ --_____ --- ,- -- A- _ z-._ .

- .... -.• -L .. 9,

4~iLL___ __ _ _ •____ _ ___ -&at,

/ .. . .ZB 1.

j~B-144-i1• . . . ..-- ---.-- "-

N2

SNW NE

I IV Less Than 0.5Ft

7% 5% 4% % 2% 1% 602% %

Average Full Year

LEGEND8 and over

7 to

5 64 5

3to 4

S 2 to 34-"

I to 2N

to I

Less Than 0.5Ft.w 79.t3 % E 0 2 %

4% 3% 2% 1% 0

Average Ice- Free Period

LAKE ERIESTATION B (Cleveland)

WAVE ROSE SHOWING PERCENT OF TIME WAVES OFDIFFERENT HEIGHT OCCUR FROM 'EACH DIRECTION

FIG. B-I

B- -15

Sa,

w

oStatio~n B Lake Erie (Cleveland)

I~lI - 0 ICE-FREE PERIOD (IAPRIL-3O NOV.)

2

c a c6.006 .1 .2 .4 .66 a to 0 0 20 40 60 so100

FREQENC OFRATOCURNC OF WAVES GREATER THAN OR EQUAL To STATED HEIGHT IN PERCENT OF DAYSFIG. 0-2

IsCA1

cci n-------- . .~-."--~-

Ice-Freece-Fd. ero

a: IeFe0eSU,'

< _ ___

3:(4x 0?w, _ _ _ _ _ _

ClD

z<~

10 (2 x17

AVERAGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TRANSMITTED SHORE WARD PER FOOT OF CRESTLENGTH PER YEAR,IF WAVE SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED AS AN HYPOTHETICAL UNIFORMSYSTEM COMPOSED OF WAVES OF SIGNIFICANT HEIGHT AND PERIOIY ONLY.

LAKE ERIE -STATION B (Cleveland)

FIG. B-4

ffi

WAVE AND LAKE LEVEL STATI6TICS

FOR

LAKE ERIE

APPENDIX C

WAVE STATISTICS

FOR

STATION C

ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA

I'4b

TABLE C-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION C, ERIERPA.Durotlon given In hNurs. J*lght and pierod groupings Include lower value but not the upper,

JANUARY

Period / 2 Seconds 2. • Seconds 3-.- Seconds *,"-cT-Seconds ,5- • Seconds / -4 Seconds

1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 948 1949 95 0 1 Toto 9481949 1950 Total

7~• 1 ./ ,, •/ /2 /o

.1-2 .__. •,.L //2 ~ - - .. • .B . .. ... . . ..... .. 6E /.2 6 24•

_ -...... /2• 6/ - -.......... i•- A ... a

A- - V1

-T.. /2.4/3,• /8 4 . a-o -o .. 244-82 /.. 3"0 /2 40 . /2

2-3 .......... .. .. . 6• /8 ...... 2_..•. .,

__W ... . .... . .4Z,_., 1 -. Y_ 0 3 .. 6 : o ?o'

.... . . / 4/ /8 . .. 34 .44 6,4 .I24 -.- •- /a /23-

12../2 /8 4 /2/8 .. . 4-/_,, Q4 _ •,0? /8,4 3A 80 _ _ /260

42 7A I

,,,WI~~~~/ -•._ /_8 . -z ,j ,I . . . . ... _.__ _

4 12

1B• ,1Z /8 I42 /14

-'I 6

W .... it

C112 4, 6

6446. a~ 21 12 12 32

- /a 44 -70_0__9_.z-5 12 1, 22

1- --. 1 /- 241 1- -' . 6

.-r 1-7. 2 3..A 6 /9~ S-o :o90 7-1e 4 6

18 /9 -4 -0 - -q-8

w 2116oIzI - , a 3/0 1 1 1 /2 ?4o /a

6- --- 24- 4 '6 9/ 2 T7 24 6,o

h1. 6 46

-r ai-I 15222 12 ~ 5 79 3361 /50 /5.7 1 fjf1/2 /061 36 1- 6 ir 2914~2.0I3161/o/1C44-19 s 74- -~7. 1223

7-pelf~ ~ i 7147,<2. .

C-1

TABLE C-i

STATISTICAL HINCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 0, ERIEPA.Ourotloh given In hours Height' nd period groupings include lower value but not the upper

_ _ _ _FEBRUARY

Period /2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds" 3-'4Seconds 4-3- Seconds 5'-a Seconds /-9 SecondsvlINT(IezT 1948 1949 i950 Totoa 1946 19491¶950 Total 1948 1949 [1950 Total 1948 194911950 49119S1 I T149 1950 Total

.•s f /2 . / , / ,2 •!/2

W* /2 /2 62 / -6 4 1/8

1 i/• ,,z -•42 ,-x &•2 ,'/-M 6 -1/2 2 18

_w/2, /8 m'• , O1/ 1 /28 63o

/.23I - /8 2 /5316W a30 e /94 6 ¶

6P: 6 1B .,9 4 12 / 8 / 9 24 3 6427Z'-2 1 / 8 .70 4. 2 24_ 3_

WS 6 12 z 18 i6 6 /2/8 IY.6j 1 / /2 62 6 /Z / .6 42

.701 61/ /81/ ,-6 I 82 641 12 -;/ .4 6 6 2

¶2 116 '1k914,!// 241I 1 4 , 1, 7 /2 5/22'

6S 61/ 6 1 a /

1W 1 6, 12', 4, 26 6 /2?18 64

' 11 .6 12/,26/.221211 2/24 1/ /.22

6 f 6 'I/ 2"•; •. I 66/2 •

I 2 6|/ /2- 6

, 4 ; 16 3 22 8 •///9i 2 /2 .76, -- "4

6 1/2 4 12

. /2 ¾ 1 j/8/ 12- /618

4' . , 4 6-1 12 -1: le /S -Z le A 4

ýW ¶4 /2: Z12 6/6 94

1/40 ~/ ! 12 66* Z4 2

I.7*r U'l• Y4 V~l 6? -m 4;7z zz _

A~*// 6 C 2

_______ 4L..~J 6 - -7/

TABLE 0-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 0, ERIEPA.Duration qlven In hours. Heliht and prlod grPplings Include lower value but not the uppr.

MARCH '

Period 1-2 Seconds 2-.3 Seconds 3-04 Seconds f-S.' Seconds 5"-6 Seconds 4-7 Seconds / 7 Seconds

Heouttl 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 T9501Total 194da1,4I,9 ISSoa Total 1948 1949 1950" Toalo 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 950 Total 1948 949 950 Total/9 ./d. : 4 I°6 2 Ta

6~ , /2 / , L ,9

12 .0 /864 ~ /A .4j- /2 6v/2,0 0 /2/2 1/2 -94

t e. 12 le / X2 4 2 ,2 /2 /2 4-,91,z 6 ¢4 4 6 a 12

Z// 4 /2/22,

624 /81 18 3 6'2

.A -. " '2F 24 1 , o 4, d /,•

.W•...,, .a /2 /2

'W- /. Ag /8 3 /0 1/ 21/406"l 21 q /9 / 56

,/Y //9 1 Af /aA'; / 224 -4o 42 /5*4

I-jw- ' i 1 4 4/2.74 lo*~ 4 12 .24,, 18 f# /2 24 Yo 664

/S 2 90~ /26/

Ii I ') I-.- -

I x /, 12/

-W- 1 /.6 2 180 6 Z2_

1 *I 8, /9e 461/2i,4 624 4 310 6 426 16

4W 2 61 6 ; 16/

12 4 i /a/Z 11 -74 1__ 6/ 30 2 /12O 4 j/9x418 1 ___- *2 404R 24

-, /6 6 /9~ 214~~~-7~~ 1> / ,'I 42

Nhr-3

S/2. e 4-4 16-7 - -I -1-r 1

I 2 / 1/

17, d -2 12 .7. J. ~ A# 12 /2/2 T .f

12"1I 12 1 42 9

36130574~~~~~4 Ut 4-4 -( III2A4 '5f

-- /240.0 V 1147 4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1% 7-f. _74~ it2 42 2,3?1f24/2/2/24S~3,4s2/5 A 2

C-3

TABLE C-i

STATISTICAL HINDCAST-DATA FOR LAKE, ERIE STATION C, ERIEPA,Dqrotlon given In hours. Height and period groupings include lower value but not the upper,

APRIL

Period /-.z Seconds 2- .. Seconds - Seconds *-..s -Seconds /-J. Seconds1tl~ EE 948 1949 1950 Total 1948'1949 1950 Total 1948 1g49 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950. Total

Xu -

• . -'-. ... .... . . - 4" z. z 6 .".12 1A -

-< /2-. I X,- 4 /7.(, _) 4f

2 ,,2 . .... . /•. I. /, .6f 4,' 5l J.,o

.2' -•' A

4, , fa /2- 240 /10 6. /Jt //Lo .

_- t .. i....... •c•_

- .. A i

2 4 A9 Oz 4 12- 4

I -O 4 o'a Pt fe X I ZI 1 /0/O12.- .2f ,21c /tf2.0 e4

/Z_ 471 Z19 -4 2,5

_• .. .... .... .12- I S• 1 2- /,"•.p

1- 4

40 4 6/0

&~ .21] 4 4f eo jo. /4 30 Az /0 _7

I 2-As /.I I i e., Sl

7-e M AL. Ix r. 187/fC 4" ?.

C-4

TABLE C-I:

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION C,GERIEPA,Duration given In hours. Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper.

MAY

Period /-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3--* Seconds 4-4 Seconds 5-4 Seconds /- 4 Seconds

HElNTI•EUT 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total i948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948,1949 [1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

7,/ 18 /,2.,I '/2 •

7.-,-I /8 -24#15/19 1,22 1. I•; • 2

12 2-f 1. / 2 /2 2 8 42

4/48 /2 /B 48 4 (0 24 /8 /8 60-2 36 30 0 12 6/8 /36 /2.i 84-

A' .6 6 3 30k, 36 30 72 6 /0 /2, 36 30 78

-, 18/ /0 A0.2 10 120 294242 062 .. O.126 ,i11__1,i'F2~11 2 12 6 _"'

. 6, V- 12 / 36 lt2W 6 W /2 /12 24 /a /2 30•

2-3 */2- 12 6 12 18 I/6 12 3o.21 q/8/2 2,. 4 6 3012- 24/816 630 30 12- 12 54

4-5" /221 i /2 2 36 / ; /2..'2 3a, _ __, _ /8/,2 _8 /'343-4- 30 4P1

IN 12~ /P . Z 11 6 6

7. 6/ I I 1 94 X N

"" 1 /2 I/8 /8

3- 4

I 1 , ..

761. I ',121____ //a 6,01 142 /2 v_7 /812.

8-? 1 6 4 j -' /I

55 2- 6 412

,. 1 1.• , ,.,,' 6 12 / a

-W -4 6 121-7l 4201442

12 'a170 /2 1-2-WA 12 1 2 2 I

STAISICA..N.OST TABLE C-I

.STATISTICAL HINDAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION C, ERIE,PA,Duration given In hours, Height and period groupings Include lower value but notthe' upper,

JUNE

Period /..,z Second* 2- .g Seconds -f- -A Seconds /- 4 Seconds i-EIGHT(FUT 1948 1949 1950 Toall 1948 [949 1950 To I94 1tol 1948119491950 1 Toto

! I!,Oao

W" .A',v f8 /2.' j j I,/,I t,

10 l t,

j1 ! f -o 1 2Z~ 4, Z4 7 .6II

12. ' //1 I A

•#•,1 /,el I,@/,91 ff! 7,.I -4A ••Z • ~ l •• 2 2' it.. I I.

,',' .I, O //e 3

i~ A&t ,.4 12 /Z /j zI • z ,• 410,t"#I,/.,,, ,12.; • e 241 /2..6 "

""AW 6 2.. . .6 12 J*a

4f .24t, ' I .1 e. , 1& 1 ' '2;-f vW /Z ~2

7 4,o0i 7 , 01., ! /9 22.. / i "0 '

d, /!

6, =

Ji - (p. , 6 7

7-0 &,

TT I

0-6-

___•;=''- : :- • . . . . . • ,•.= , -- • • -'• •• • •. .. .... ,.? - -• .. .... 'i

STATISTICAL HINDQAO'r DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION, C, ERIE,, PA.Duration given In hours: WbIht and period groupings Include lower value but nort the upper.

_____________________________.1ULY?

Perlod /- 'Seconds 2- 3 Seconds 3- 4-L Seconds s-' econds

HEIGHTJFEE __ 1948 1194911950 Tbota '100 :1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

6 0 /-24, a. 6 .12 12 30o6, (P/2 1 62

R 12-2 /2 24 / 6/ 36

1-2.~. 8/36 /8 /d636 :j24 ý 4 .30 121 /24

/2 ,'2 .24 /2 12- 247" 6 14 II2t 4

/6 12/8/e/4 3 . / 18 3242/ e. 12 S

/6 2 /26 /22412/P6lq4

12 /8 /26 162/ 241 3_6 A0__9__l, 4 o I __ 4Y41P

6 ('- /8 6 /

AV4 6. /2 6 /2

WW 46 6 3o 4119F. 1 -

lye

12 6 6 241r4~ ~ rA 9 842 41- 78 276 o 421 3e0'18 oA&1, -.Thrik'io 5 1 W,-1 7 46 16 18 V7 40

rrIj MwI14.A;7"2?

0-7

TABLE C-I V,

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION C, ERIE, PA,

Duration given In hours. Height and period ,groupings Include lower Value but not the upper.

_�AUGUST

Period Z/- Seconds 2- 1 Seconds -3- -A Seconds -f Seconds

1948 1949 950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 194811949 1950 Total

• ,-.... .. -.. . __ _. .... .. . . .... . 6 i

'i,,Z ...... ... /_"- /2..** 21 2 /Z

j k/ A~f ?p.

J14. _ .z.. Al.... 2 .#1. -

-•-- -- ,. .. -z, /2 .. S• 6 '

- ... ... . . i / . . .. " .. ~ / • i3d,• •

-4.) .. I - -- az . .3 AV

/3 Z /, ia /2 4 Z <-t

2- A.-

A2- .. . 1 -4 2

?;K

7-0 T-Ag /Z0 /2 .-30"-

'1U

IH " ;•

i • .-B

N i

TABLE C-1

STATISTICAL. HIMDCAST DATA FORt LAKE ERIE STATON rC, ERIE,F,.PDuraton give". in toures, Heighwt and Wlrod, gvoupfnqs,,Incud* lower "Inlue , not tkm uiper.

SEPTEMBER

Period /-.2 Seconds -1-3 Seconds 3-9--% Seconds 4. Seconds '. SecondsNCIGNT(FrLE 19481194911950 Total 1948 194911950 1To Ital 1948 194911950 'Total 94J4 90 oa 98 94 5 oa

kvj.w /Z /p 1/ 2 1B

/VW' 6 6 -

-7, /20 44 /6 /366 A' 24 . 6. 24 4;30

r 61W ' 2 , 1 2 4 1 2 1O 2/.4 6 6 1 , 12 / < 12 a .W6/j624 9. 6 /Z 53L

/,9 1/2j 14, 36 /8/12 6341- w/9 12f 30 /8/2 7.

-Al 2 24 30 '3

66. 3e- 7-0 72 / 6' /1 -40ENO 4/5 .51 .S &A

45- IS4 i /r4 9,6 /288 /94 11/ 3o /2 6 I

I2441Z-?

612 2 182346 2 24 3t7

24L /61 246 62

7a+ /2 , ,z -56 9.64 64 pa/26

V,9 __. 6 6242jg9

-W I ' '61 12 46 /l w-- - *

/--/ 1 12

6 6 ?j/e /aze 30/ 6 It 46 12 6 40 27e 36 27o1 87

-T0 49~3 254

/4./ 721B.202/I 'W

24 Pj, I, .- 0 4_2 2 p

-7 6'* 6-9

TABLE C-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR, LAKE ERIE STATION 0, ERIE,PA,Duration given In hours, Height and period grouplngs Include lower value but not the upper,

OCTOBER

Perld - .- Seclnds 2 - .- Seconds .3. z Seconds , Seconds .- Seconds

HEIHMr(.-CT 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 9 1950 Total 1948 14,4911950, Total 1948,194 9 195I : Totoal 14949 1950 Totol

~~~~/.2 /A ~ ~ oI'/ 2

Z g/Z

6r6h i6 lI if ' I i I , /2 tW,,w i 1 3 , ~ ; •3

/- 2 I 6 / &"•. 4

/-.# •, iii . .L. I , i ,, I •-' " f

/V /1 14A0 /

~%

iI -l

/Z /z 40 ,/99 ,~

/VW /6 2- 72i- Y /6/6 i i .1 /6 .1 i

.. ,r, ; ,,I 6 6C I , s-•-6 •z / •" //l"6- i , ' I

,- /2

A M- 46 i ' m ,

'A g Z4 I / 'y :31

6I- 7

7-,.412/ ?, - 00 9-0 /09 jzii p M, Zf 1'e Ir 4 24 9I z•xi,. l .61I

16;"I*I~ t,,'z

C; -I10

S. . ... • -.i . .-1...-i-,--• • -

TABLE 0-i

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 0, ERIE,PA,,Duration given In hbors, Height and period groupings include lower value buat rot the upper.

NOVE•MBER

Period /-2 Second% 2- 3 Seconds 3- ". Seconds 4.-SSeconds 5'- 6 Seconds 6-7 Seconds /- 7 Seconds1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 I950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totol 1948 1949 1950 Total

__ . .. ./ ,, ..q .- 2 3 . 0ý

6.. . ... .. 18 .. . ..... ... . 6 /.2 .l,', / 2 ./ • o5.

-- ,_ .. L / . , . . . . . •I,

S.-./,2 - -,•! z ,,l ! .• o . i2 /5 .

1 A 'A3 .2.

-g /2 /,8/P 24/4./ / 4, 24 -- ZI _482 4

/Y -4 2/5 46/"It a '- 4. ,/'q

e.. 3

6 6

-4 - -61

65-?wg II Ill J

A. j /26.,7M.1 -.3.. ?-12 I- 6 Z-

'6. 1 4------------------

8 7W I /P I/ a -, P ' /'o,

/2 8 /2'1

S23~ ~1/0 /1 / 3 12 1/*2~j'

7I,41 88L Z0 1 4r:/0M 3? 4 s/ le 3,c 5~4 7 M , V~-I I I 7e12,0 -z,,21Y

TABLE C-I

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION 0~, EI,Duration given in hours. Height and pirlod groupings include bwer value but not the upper.

____________DECEMBER

Period /-2 Seconds Z -_3 Seconds 3- 16 Seconds ;% -- T Seconds 6-4 Seconds 1-4. Secondsh4mTrT__19481194911950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950ITotal 19481,1949 1950 Total 19481194911950 Total 1948 1949 1950]Total

-___ - - - -. 4 -74~/6

,.e -741 _-Yo 3_-_

J? _a _/ 6AC

WSW-~A A.- ~/•Z /

636.

'-5 -. , 1- -- rd /2--------R,7-7,f

6./ 12. . A __

4--7

C -12

TABLE C-2

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR~ LAK(E ERIE STATION, C. ER19. PA.

Owatea ~~ ~ FULL YEAR/wati2 Sgcvnd Inpw. egt r lod groopings include lo# value but, not the, uw r,

Perio Second Sacondte 3- Seconds #-5-Secns Sec ond 41ý'Secondv 7 SecondsWIIr' 19481194911950 Total 19481'94911950 Total 1948 19.4911950 Total 1948 1949 19501 Total '94811949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948119491901Ttl

A'1 R24 .18, J22Rkvi-I 4- *j246 '24 24-.g.-41(P-10- - 6*4146'P4/43.- 2 -8

-- ! -L.1? -19 -4/4 " / /020.3/ -A 7?- -7 ,s - 1 1%

M -- 4 e; - .- r IV 4Zj 130 .0 ?8Z 12Z 6 #- '4 8i A . -- 4 A .74 1 4-0 $ 1 ~26 4M52r 1 /.a _34. 66A '03o

1L2 w -/ -- A. dw '9~¶ JfEzl1 ------------ -__

I,, IX: '-: 3yy74 -062.f---

42IV Y2 96 /8 //op- 48 / 2

ý-7 -20 A- -W -ýF -X Af 2M 4122ea----------a -Ax /,z 4

(30- 52j4 ;-24 //I-/-i Ma 6/36.268

-9 .4P2- 6/8-X /ZZ3 /5/2, /94- v

/2/6 -03442:If 8*$3# 4295 2a

-ý .14 4e S 3 M 949 12/S 6(36 22 /2 4 .3

4 -A 70 17:t /.2 /

4/ 20710 42 //?S

- I , 4 26( 6, 2* 46/

b*4 2/2 C 6a/dW 36.901 /0 2 4~ So 7'I 44ZAr 3I 4-

1/ 2 12 /0 /, +

41 I 4 M 16 1 1

1 62 10 174 / x/2 z; ', z

Z&/z/ 66 /242

722 -d -2, 24 102 12 4 /1

4 12 6 /.

AWz' '

eO 44'R /- 21. d/ 1 4

4~46

TABLE 0-3

STATISTICAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKF FPt•l STATION 0, ERIE,PA,IGE-FREE PERIOD (I APRIL-30 NOV.)

Durotion given In hours, Height ond: period groupings Include tower value but not the upper,

Period 1 -2 Seconds Z.- 3 $econds S... Seconds 4 -$f Seconds x-e; Seconds 4 - 7 Seconds /- 7 Seconds

" ET (t 1 8 9 T l 1 1 1 1 194 1950 Totl 194819 19 1948 19 49 1950 Total 148 149

I 4 3eI

WAW/ 6/2366 6 Z.0 W

- •/ .2~f .2•

it -.. T--/2• /•3- 74'

6/2. /6 /J. dt /,5 5,0d• Z6' 6 /2/ /3r,~%

,,1' 'y -- I I 2,c 4 / !7/ 4 A7*

.I•w cof 14 4-

W_- . 4ri 114 ,S,6 !%A_ /.f AýM ý. ý,JWW /2 /,& A4J ?"2 714/7A2 A /,20 6pf -34 ?/ 0

,zisy 2. 6J M1 /A0 2C4r*"4 /9 .AY151

~ .~6I./ I6•-,/v 6 f /7

-,.,V~,j //Z As _U I /. 7.4 Z.4 4 q

2-'r ifl.', I 5 2I , i

£ ~ / . 72V ~ /211. /d o s A

-~'i• ,L.L 16//Il . I

1,2 /4/4 1 4 - 7W. 47 70

WSW /T '30 !2f

Z-p I ," e 36 I 0 7 ? ýe 6a

, /;" V, /•//'il 6r.l)

01 /L5S; po2 7.7 Ve ;1 /0: P6 7:

2- s.%; /z 1'i 62 6

1i 74 /.j ,It.~ /2- 6-~ : 2t1.0

Sz, mm .6

J- f l~w 4 ./4f. -44? it le. 2,4

. .- --" - - - -.10 . 2.

WS /. /A 2.//

w Az f

/J.___ 1- C 4-2 d

41 J -T6 ImI9_Zc

4 i "d!3 f ,12d4 X 6 0

7.',

0-71

TABLE 0-4STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE 5TATIOt C, ERISTP

ICE-FREE PERIOD (I APRL-30 NIO.)

Epergy given in foot-pounds per foot of crest per year x l0'. Height ond period groupIngs Include lower volue but not the upper

Height 'Period .(feet) =L /.2 Seconds •<3 Soonds 3- Seconds '"-, $t ds " dS o f- 7 1onds 1-7 n

W/ 714o 2..

I A V~ -7- 26____ ____- ___

144W . 5• ... / .....

4-,, /57 425L 2_._ "__ e.76

_ /M_ 4_7240 22,5 3 /,2,f

- . _______ _______ 5/2

.5 ,S2 _______ _____ 587041 __ 7247 4i23 /

57 __ 724 ,43 ____

•. _ -_•z_ ___.I

-9P j9374 _

__ _____ ____ _ ___-__ ,:3___ ._ L4L.iJ--w 7, ,.1.94 .. 2/,125-,/•

I 74LT 77,,07?

A4 .... •__ L __ __ ____ 7Z8.2

w _ _ _ / 212 41cLr

. • ____•_._•_ -_.. __ _____

__ ___ o .... .. 5 , _.____•__--__-L

balk 4.0 2U3 a/0

,W- __ t 113__ ___ ~ 9

4- , ,, s • P2/ , /4

aff 3. 546

-/-,,,;€1,5 5 P&I 1-72 /l (, . .r•)

- __ .___ _.' ./7d7 ____?,7 ._ 142_#Y 54.0S.6

_______ (_ _ _ 21l

__r,&/_ 10262_ 30___ ?041__ 4,758 tt

_4_-____A _ _____Zi? t6 ll4

7~~- __4 .4 I:(56, I~~. 2 6, ? 4

C-15

TABLE 0-6

STaTSTdAL ENERGY DATA FOM LAKE ERIE STrATION 0, ERIE, PA.FULL YEAR

Energy given In foot-pounds per foot of nroet per year Xt 10*4. Height and period gibupings Include lower value but not the upper

(fest, "r -2 Second& 2-3 s~econds _q_4rseoond* .4-S Swns _4S"on ds dj-7 3foondy od

~~S _____

9S3~2 ____ ____'I 6.I _ _ .. _ _ _ __loft_

"W 04 ___V 3 J4 ____

133I f 1 1..___

.2W J7 _____

3 ZzL4. 4.~I~9 *2_____ __ 1.44 __ ____

A' ___ 35 q~L.. ____

__ -7_-T zz iI - -__ _4__

____ _J0UL -f -41 h___;_55I

""Wz t., .. -j

,4-- AW .. 4~/ ___ 20 7M

015012 __ 766 130,27.6

Am 44 y *053L /49 M3

-___ ___ . ~____ ___ ____ ___ ____ _/0

__ _L_ Afz_#.2 [9'41MW - _1 lý0? . . .

___ ___ 5__A o44 ___f ;~'?

N-___ __ 4A44_ -10 5 0'1

_43f- -ý .... J2eA/ .J IZ

MC-1

w~ NE

I.Avierage Pulle-F r~

8 Periode

I LAK ERISTAIO C6Ere

WAV ROS SHWN5ECN O IEWVSODIFEEN HEGTOCRFOMEC4IETO

FIG 2i I'3

16

* 14-

Station C Lake Erie (Erie)

0 ~0 ICE-FREE PERIOD (I APRIL- 30 NOV.)]

w

z0

.1 .02 .04 .06 .08. .2 .4 .6.8 2 4 6 8 10 20 40 6060o100

TOTAL DURATION OF WAVES GREATER T14AN OR EQUAL TO. STATED HEIGHT IN PERCENT OF TIMEFIG. C-2

0

Z ZStation C Lake Erie (Erie)w

0o 0 ICE-FREE PERIOD 0I APRIL-30 NO.

10

81-L

U0a~

01 .02 .04 .06 .0.1 .2 .4 .8 .8 1 2 6 810 20 .40 60 80100DFREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE Or WAVESý GREATER THAN OR 'EQUAL TO STATED HEIGHT IN PERCENT OF DAYS

FIG. C-3

r.-18

E F

109

7~~~~~~A AVRGAAONGO Ec. ICE-FREE PERIOD.-,.

3-42 Sec., Ice-Free Period

WNW-NW7(1DIRECTION

FIG C-

a: 2~~~~c-I ScIc9FeePro0 (59X 107

WAVE AND LAKE LEVEL STATISTICS

FOR

LAKE ERIE

APPENDIX D

WAVE STATISTICS

FOR

STATION D

BUFFALO, NEW YORK

I.4I

TABLE D-ISTATISTICAL HINDoAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION D, BUFFALO, N. Y.

Duration given In hours,. HeIst and period grouplnga Includ1e lo* value but not the upper,JANUARY

rod /. 2. Seconds 2- ,1 Seconds _.- % Seconds Se..- Su conds V.. -4 Seconds 7 Seconds /- 7 SecondsHzisnr(FECcn - 9481194I 1950 1Total 1948 1949 195 1 Total1 79- 1 9410501 Tutl 19481 9491 9-5-07 Tutu 1.948 1949 1950' -total 194B 19491195 Total 194811949 1950 Tota,

J _Iv I_ -6

- W . / :, 6 / , 6 6 .. ./-% 10./, / ,a' d /,s • ., .. . . 1'2 .1 k. 9,

- /' dd•". • 26 . a I •..z ,"3 . . .... ..su,.•,a.i t :", 1.. . ,, ,1

6 6" /• ''" .. ' 8 /e • 1

--.~Z/ -.~ --. ------------------------

L -w /o, C z i o /I

,i - / 4I I - 3 *0. i

I--------------------.. .. ,., • , •,, .4, - /..r- ,-r-

f w - I•j, /6' 14 /2• .• ,' So/

1WSW

I.* e • 3.= ., • I .. . ,4 •.

zJzz, z-�f- / j1 3 . � I-/A... /a/..

46-7 w Z... .ea ..... Z& .0....

Al.," . 8 6' 2 M1 8/8*6/# •. Y/2. ~ 5•P 25 A t /_ 3L.....

-W JIK .,0 JP 7Z"2 /D'oe

.CA~e 4 1 I' ' I

ncaac .94I9

9[I __

Wr 4 4 - - - - - - - - _

7- f7ZMz! 0 /2 1, /2 /168MO 1W,44 9 ja IS 30a __ _3o~~.31 12~ 2*6 3,V 261 "02

Period~6 / 1 2 Scns 2 3 S c ds-4 Second + 6' Seod 5- eod37S cns ' / eod

/-2 d3 2 -. /

IW 12 le IV

7 /083 3.o 24 _j/IzA 7

_v -0,f 4ýq 2 a Z - . _ 4-J!S/2 122'~ 77- 5' 12 /2

1. /2Zoe e2 2 2..--4

6 64? 9.2 0'' /.ZWw. 3. I - - 6--I. 1... 2 /9 12/ /4X4 . -_

k 7o~ 12 1A 1 6 g .f 2,I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 '. . . . g_f5&/j

. .

TABLE D-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATICN 0, BUFFALO, N. Y,Duration given In houri, 1`1 and ptflod grOMplegi Include Iowe value but not the upf.

MARCH

_er__dj -2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds :P- * Second% • ,,r Seconds xs-. e Seconds e- : Seconds .- f Seconds

n ,Te _ , 19481149 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 94811949 1950 To0alo1 19481949 ,1950 ToIna 1940 '194911950 Total 1941311949 1950 Total 1948 1949 950 Total

w ' 6 .' t :•. •I• £ £ .e /

.t' .3 . ~ 64i... .. 4 a, 4 -% t

-4 40

4St 4 /1 4 2 30c .1V 49/ I A">: -' -| it I , 1 cl '. , I • i •I I

14 /2 l

.7W iii ,- h " IA2 4 i"1I4., . 1.31

"3,-1 l i ll • ,l/:'l t •l/ I 1•2 j1. .7• i.•• l . . .- 4 I•i .I I"

Zi,' - I 4A ISwS

' , w' 1 4 4 : i -/ai

I 6 /2 ., , p'I I z . • d

40 1 642/'/ 42

WSW 12 /2. 1,fj

1 I -~

Z 14

rA& - 4---

A~iRIA

2W * 2 , ,'a3]

I x 1 - 0 Ox

"W"71W e 4 21.U /... /w0 /... ,m . ;w 1"-4 f 5-/ AfZ

riod 1 .eod 2 S -7- S 4. S o S8 -94 1 1 -1 1919481194911950. Total 19. 8'.. ota

5/ / 1 / 8 • t , 4 2 / -w

1 . C4L , ,A . ii ', so, i 'i- o S

L or., AL .- H-.. ..... .. . . .,., .•, -. i , -, •

Period /- 2 .ecnd S.-d SZeod 94t J2 /ecnd AR 5 Scns ~ 4 Scns eod

I I-L21 1 V I A 4 f9 1Z-I 24 E1

244 24 /1 1.11

.12 Z9 46 121 5-4 4/43- ?a49ý w

-V/l .149 2 4 Ar$ A 240 -,A0e

Wc--- 2AJ Z49K AI 4~I a -7 240k

F*w -I-ii /2662 -a I, 6Z 12

Ii, /2 4 AfA 1 /1 1 Ae 6 /A2/23

"12 /02 4, 4( S*' /36 6 .

0'tt At' I/. 64,xw -2W jý 4 5,~',

_ .4 7 1';?i~IrI~~7EJ~i4 2 j i~~z -+- ; r

'S / /

?t i0 2

TABLE D-I

STATISTIGAL HINDOAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION D, BUFFALO, N.Y,DurotIon glven Jn hour,. HIght. oan perild groupings Include IolWrr value but not thie upl ,

MAY

Period / Z z Seconds ..l -5 Seconds .j.- le Seconds A .-,4 Seconds s- , Seconds 4- 7 Seconds /- 7 'SecondsN 1948 19491 950 Total 194811949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

.4-. '4. -- /.'I- I-- -- - --- --- - ----- Z--___/,8•. . . . .7' .... /8, /8 /8

' •-2-' Jo ,... .. .. 90 .• j. 636 .4 I•

S.2t IZ 1 jA • 74 , 4A 2. / . 4C .2ý 17 -9 -l 4 Ire d.f ~

6 . 6 .z-, ... • .,A

•Z.~~A ....... . , ".,

-. .6 T

.- o -- v

wsw.~1 41 4(61 66 6~

: #f , 6 '1 6 6 1,. -0 ,.- >41 ISO &. l " ,

7/z 71 7 6f 6N

&"?' ".W j • 6 I ia .- ' ,Iz / J'•

Period - 2 Seconds 2- 3 Seconds ?- -- Seconds I-_5" Seconds - Seconds Seonds

1948 1949119501 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 19L0 Total 1948 1949 19S:O Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 194811949 1950 t(otal

wl 'a I .2-4 1. 8 21L

- -

-; 2

. w l 61 Z4O1D14

Pe-o 7,. - 2 1ood 29 3 4 ecnd 3-. Seod 15 Secnd -4 Secnd 1- 1)'2 4,c 22

A6 6. Z 4 1 94 . . ;

/,V 6 2ASL

-rai 2,, 1~ -1 1 3L0 2,A e 6.~ I * - - - - -

6jw ja 12 -12/ S .

2-3,4 /16 12 .7454 /22 70 6P 4 -21-AY /27 lea .0' /, 62 2Z2 ZA1 3.0

_ r2.0C. 8 / /86/2/3

-_ 'D-3

TABLE D-I

SrATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION D, BUFFALO, N. Y,Duration gl•V~ln hour,. H69M and perlod rouplngs Include lower value but not the upper.

JULY

Period .. 12 Seconds 2 --3 seconds 3- 4. Seconds .r Seconds /-'A Seconds

""111t ' 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1§49 950 Total 1946 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

4W .. /.............:

", .2÷,,•r .L. ..•./Ma -/W . d 1A

I E . 7- /Z.. . .. . , . ....

.W_ A..

---.. . . ... ... . . 4 4 .. . .. . 4". . . .,.

•',,, " -/. ,-. 4 & /.

/ I a 4e."

AUGUST

Period /" .2 Secdnds 2 -3 Se.:or~dis 3-lSeconds r*- 5 Seconds / :' Seconds

,,i.er-u 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

6 z - - j•A _7o•_ _4, .. o

I- -_ ' _3 6.&. . . / 2 €' *- . ..7.- d. / 5. / ." a

.-• 44 , , / 1Z 7Z. 1C 12 12 /4•

7-3, f 79 ; . 72 12-1 13.z 4g7, 2s/2/-2 ,_ . ... Z4. 6/272;% 95" o .o

.. A/o /,/4 /? 6

2-3 . 6 /0, o 4, 17- 12 4 241L.A

'Z-f~~ ~ ~ ~ /_2 /24 _1_951 00 , .

/9 15 z 7* 23

30D-4

TAB3LE 0-1

STATISTICAL HINQOASTý DATA FOR4 LAK(E ERIE STATION D, suFFALo, N, Y.Duration given 16 hours. Height and period grouping. Include lowr Yalu# wut ntot the upper.

____________SEPTEMBER

Period /-Z Seconds, 2 -1 Seconds 3- *4 Seconds 1e- 5- Seconds /~Seconds

"Clmflwec 948 194 1950 Total 1948 1949Ti 95O Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949[ro 95 Total 1948 1949 1950 Totld

-4 - 4f Z44tý/ a

Arqy J& -a - . -- -- AL TA

-46 Af 0

- d4 . ~ 1244~ . .74 18f _Zgl ZZ

-~Z 4 /~2.22 ~''s 34

.t -1 .. 0 /?-. .2Y9

".2 7- 12 / *4 IL4t

/w 4; A

IPA 7-, -M -.LV2 * //'I.?/k w .!

Period 2 - Seconds z -_q Second s -f -A.e Seconds .~-I- Seconds . .5Seconds

HEtIGTIFUT] 19481194911950 1Total 19481194911950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 194911950 Total 19481194911950 Total

J4 ;Fa

*7~~z I-......... 7,TJ11 .4 1. ".v./ x. .ifl /4~/ 7

Ag; /z

7-4f5

4ZIOL 'Zl-A- l 0/, T/ýýXA 0./Z7 Z

TABLE D-I

STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION D, BUFFALO, N.Y.Ouration gIven In hours, HI@4t* and period grouplngs Include Iow value but Wot the upper.

NOVEMBER,____

Period /-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3-4. Seconds 4-" S Seconds .- 6 S'conds 6-7 Seconds /- 7 Seconds

"104nTr 194811949 1950 Total 19481194914950 total 194 1 •949 950 Totol 1948 1949 19501 Total 1948 1949 1950 1Total 1948 1949 1950 Totol 1948 1949 1950 Total

36 6ý z//.3

.5.w', I I >' -

'• 614 ,_.._2/, • I 1 2 Il

•e Ar • I J d

4 1H'r

le A 'Z /2 4L . .4 , ~ .4/2~ A& /

2 Zafz -70 - .0

6~ 1 .A 4~

'1 .'e".. t .1 -,i• _ .,o.•l z,, 4 'l,2 .. -,I,.*, 14..•••. - "I.l•/~!z•.oi.

We4 a12 4T~f4 ld ýo4ý;r-0014f _4Lar /42 24/.X4 6v- ge XZ4

DECEMBER

Period 1'-2 Seconds 2-3 Seconds 3-4tSeconds 4--5' Seconds 5..-4 Seconds 4-7 Seconds 1-7 Seconds1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 19501 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total 1948 1949 1950 Total

/.•1• .. . •,. ...2-2 £M'.• ... ..z• 3• &O • 6a/ • • • •._;_../•• _

i"- - - -4/9

1C20%-l /41 4: A~2 a~ 4 , X1A

" A" A2 Mw eý /e -o -71 _.--a- -' -z - 4.0 'L

Y4 .3 .

11,1 /. AD -6

rr w~.4~ ... r-

TABLE, D-2STATISTICAL HINDCAST DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION DBUFFALO, N.Y.

FULL YEARDurton given In hiro, iIk t an :elod p r oupings Include lowr value but Wo the up0 '9,

Period /1-2 4cortds 2-3r Seconds y-4 Socondo , .- " Seconds 5-.- Seconds 4C-7 Seconds / 7 Seconds1eriod 194811949 194 0 Total i948 19491950 Total: 1948 1949 1950 TIotal1948 19491950 [TotdI 1948n144911950 Total 1948 194911956 Total 1948 i949 19 __ Tol

-/. I 1 ; -4 /IAO 48 2ý2 I-/8 -A,& 9-f ,t. ;•/ , •Z..*4

42f ',(- .W /49 54d ZA.. _./ 4z 96 € 1,0224? 6 6 i. //4 /• "

/ I /X -50 la/ /;V( zzz 522 .00 48 144 a /2. 0 .,2. 2A#

/0• AV M....l73, .94 14211v3i ,o/ ,~~ ,/5t28/, 36 /$' /•d • /21 • I # /, /a ="" 7 12 /z 44 . /o2/, /2. 4" 4I /R .

yo J0 IN W /;F '1 5/'•0 ISO lc' 31047. 0 ",i 2/-AAA31 Y0 WZV2Z 2 0C 4 72 361-------------------------------

12 12 4,2130 .0I/ 1/. 22 12 4a 3o /6/

.- i _ w , ;/ /1 6 o , /04/z, 2 /0 72 - -. 4/ -- ,8ff$

"137 16 4I6 A{ -3I _

-?4 - - / I= Z/-W1 036172 15-4C 42o 126 /S 3.S /56 1r42t S0

, I4 A 6 304f /26 ~04 I70 316 1 e m - -PI e 1 3ZL -e 4, -oz/Ile &.0 _.x

SW-.0- I , -iIx? /" 4.42 1,f W .9 7z /Z-04L

-I 4. -24,l /' 64 30j9 ' It 8 $. it AO 6 a 2/p 76f //.if72 2I12d 2P i2o 7,C2 '6, AaIo 1 4 'j /2 . E lg ,I ?45

1V, -J,0 /2 486 7 0/02/90 2ý4; 3 6 /879 t/Zi /p- 121~ ''

w',/0-448C -7W ;12,/822 /C to7 4 4 1

;L *s 1 6/9.4e 1 4 4 1.~i2 Id 4/97

w 24- -/9f 14? I 2 a2 4

Zf- _ _ _ -q40

18 /, ?4'-W~~ 12!' 12s l A

12 ______ z 17 /K: j108

wipe_ 1Z______ 1V3 12 a

ie' 12 /2 / it//2t6~6

___ D-7

PAnt TABLE D-3

STATISTICAL HINOGASr DATA FOR~ LAKE ERIE STATION 0, 61U1AL6. N, Y.

Period Secnd 2' ~ ~Seconds ~ ~; O O.~ S~d 2; 3 ecnd Scod-4 Secnd 30 5"Sp0d 5" 4 eod47Se eod

I WS 40 -a _4

.2 AM M& 92 2.7d,~ .7t-12/. u '0j; /W 4011 (.5,

12 _Z4 /8 Zt /4 ,

64 .16M AOL 12 .4 41ý T.,

$/a .0, 6 l 4;/ f2 - Zo , 2 3 2 J 4/& /2t W ?It 4Z12-i w_5

7*1U4 /0a__3 Sfge 3

alike 4 A6I

TABLE P-4

STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE'STATION D, BUFFALO, N.Y.ICE-FREE PERIOD '(! APRIL- 30 NOV.)

Energy given in footpounds per foot of crest per year X I0". Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upperHegt...Period .

(feet) =r. /-. Seconds 2-1 Seconds 30 ,eonds 4.r Second$ 6-• Seconds •-7 Seconds /-7 Seconds

22 _____ -_ _ ____41_W 4o 0 ,._ 4

, floM/w le,2, I/k,', - /0/ 2 22.3_.

,al .e I•JA . /4. 7,_____//13/3 , _ __ .____ 14____ ____,2_ _, O__

s4 " ._ 7A ___ __

~W 45-.L ?07AL Z~.e 2 9L______ 732__ 7 /5o

42-) gw892 •433 _____ ____ ____ 2353'

____._ 2. 737 4, 4l 3

_-,_____ •._LL.... ... • F 290/ ... ________

__, _... . . .'IL. J l /• 5 2teL_ .... ____.••

W "/ 1o. Z7?3.5l I8•,#.

- __.______ /299/

______ 03 2/.0 .2 •233 2/4L

. _ ______ e/ 41,•0 7,57

D-9

4M'- 2:M

2

TABLE D-5STATISTICAL ENERGY DATA FOR LAKE ERIE STATION D., BUFFALO, NM Y,

FULL YEAREnergy given In foot-pounds per foot of crest per year X 10o4, Height and period groupings Include lower value but not the upper

Height Period(feet) r. - Seconds it Seconds Seconds x," ond • n- d eonds Seconds" - fmcinds

~ _ -

1-2 wsQ 70/,I.? ,/ • •.lP,;~~7 -4=- 2 e49 ,•,O': 3 Zo l4

4247 -- 23,-Z -eL 7

jaw_ 274 2241A.L 4ZZ,-

2-3' w.• __,__ _. __ ___ __.______ ______ • 24.P JZ2

!7-; 4E 77- 1--,,24 7-,ii __ 94 LL•1 I_ o /, •.Z. 2.4¢/ 1212 4"

/.7 e, . 7

-d! /-R784 2ýeAýZ!l

J.., kw. __-___--________ ___ ... 2 -?...ALL Z42AL. __..L.g_._.z,_•_

//-/O, j w __.____* _____-- __..__ -ZJ-o4---

i D-IZO t

44h~ 9 4LZ Y4!Lt/! 9z -f

D-IO-

14% 10% 5%

Calm or HeightW Less Than -0.5 Ft71.21%

I.w•'"1%

"---2%

•LEGEND • Oo8 and ove T

56"

4

Calm or HeightWLess Than "CL5 Ft

83.42%

Average Ice-F ee 0

Period

LAKE ERIESTATION D (Buffalo)

WAVE ROSE SHOWING PERCENT OF TIME WAVES OFDIFFERENT HEIGHT OCCUR FROM EACH DIRECTION

FIG. D-I

D.'-I I

-N-tStat Ian D Lake Erie (Buffalo)*FULL YEAR

m 0o ICE-FREE PERIOD (I APRIL-30N0V.)

4 N-1-41

W.0 .0 .4.0061 . .4..104 611 20 06000mi

TOTAL DURATION OF WAVES GREATER THAN. OR EQUAL TO STATED HEIGHT IN PERCENT OF TIMEFIG. D-2

0I -r E ' ~- Station D Lake Erie (Buffolo)

0~ I

z z

OD-

-- -- -. ~ e. . -

-__( (1236 x 107)

A-AVERAGE ICE-FREE PERIOD(527 x 107)

4-5 Sec., Ice-Free Period000, (164 x 1O7)

S3-4 Sec., Ice-Free Period/--=r ,•(170 x 107 )

5-6 Sec., Ice-Free Period _

3 i (120 x 107)

k 2-3 Sec., Ice-Free Period

tJ \(43 x 107)0

: /e \6-7 Sec., Ice-Free Period

Ix (29 x 107)

wI,- 107 -

- 1-2 Sec., Ice-Free Period_ _(I x I07)

S W WSW WDIRECTION

AVERAGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TRANSMITTED SHOREWARD PER FOOT OF CRESTLENGTH PER YEAR IF WAVE SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED AS AN HYPOTHETICAL UNIFORMSYSTEM COMPOSEb OF WAVES OF SIGNIFICANT HEIGHT AND PERIOD ONLY.

LAKE ERIE-STATION DL(Buffolo)

FIG. D-4

D-13