Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
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Transcript of Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
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Presentation On Watershed Survey
Course Title: Watershed Management Sessional / Field work
GROUP: B
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Watershed Objectives of watershed survey. Measurement areas in a watershed Buildings, roads and other constructions of Khulna
University Water bodies of Khulna University Vegetative areas of Khulna University Survey results Problems to the watershed of Khulna University area Overall condition of Khulna University Watershed.
CONTENTS
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“
Watershed
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A watershed, also called a drainage basin or catchment area, is defined as an area in which all water following into it goes to a common outlet.
It can be defined as a unit of area that covers all the land which contributes runoff to a common point
What is watershed?
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The area of land that drains water, sediment, and dissolved materials to a common outlet at some point along a stream channel”.(De Barry)
According to FAO (1986) “Watershed is a topographically delineated area that has drained by a stream system i.e. the total land area that is drained to some point on a stream or river”.
Watershed
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To know how to estimate the watershed of any given area.
To know the drainage condition of the area. To know the health of the vegetation . To identify watershed problems and potential
sources of pollution. To determine the possible cautions to preserve
watershed. To help in proper management of watershed.
Objectives
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To know the features of watershed Carrying capacity assessment Health assessment of watershed Risks assessment of watershed Planning and design Implementation Monitoring Readjustment of the plan of monitoring
Objectives
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Vegetation: Including trees, grasses, It prevents soil erosion and land degradation
Topography Soils: Drainage system, water holding capacity,
texture all the properties control watershed Water body: Main component of watershed.
Pollution of water is responsible for changing ecosystem and environment. Propagation of fishes and other aquatic animals depends on water body.
Components of watershed
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Functions of watershed
Watershed function
ecological function
hydrological function
Confluence function
water conservation function
regulating function
the function of chemical transport
Habitat function
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The Watershed of Khulna University area
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KHULNA UNIVERSITY
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Areas to be measuredTo measure the watershed of any area, the following area measurements are required
Concrete Surface.• Roads• Buildings• Other
constructions
Vegetative Land.• Forest• Grass land• Bare field• Fallow Land• Agricultural
land
Water Body• Lakes• Ponds• Canals• Rivers
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Concrete Surface
Water Runoff
Disturbance in recharging groundwater
Concrete Surface
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Concrete surface or Runoff areas of Khulna University
Roads
Buildings
Other constructions
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Roads
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Roads
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Roads
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Roads
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19
Design of Roads
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Road Area(sq. meter)Brick road from Aparajita hall to teachers’ quarter
1824
Brick road to employees building 272Brick road beside Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah Hall
1000
Brick road in front of Bangabandhu hall
1032
Pucca road from Khanjahan Ali hall to Aparajita hall gate
4632
Pucca road from KU lake to Aparajita hall gate
80
Pucca road from KU main gate to Hadi Chattor
3048
Pucca road in front of KU Medical 152Brick road in front of Khan Bahadur Hall
648
Pucca road in front of bus stand 324
Area measurement of roads
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Road Area (sq. meter) Cafeteria road 164Pucca road(s) from administration building to teachers quarter
2368
Brick road beside teachers quarter
868
Brick road to the play ground 128Brick road beside administration building
1152
Brick road beside post office, bank
268
Brick road beside bank 144Brick cover beside 2nd academic building
448
Brick road in front of Adammo Bangla
1056
Brick road from central library to the back of 2nd academic building
2088
Area measurement of roads
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Problems to the roads (Erosion)
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Problems to the roads
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Moderate to severe surface erosion Road Shoulder erosion Direct flow to water body
Problems to the roads
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BUILDINGS
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BUILDINGS
The buildings and constructions have a negative
effect on a watershed.
The clearing of vegetation due to construction, leads
to erosion. Building materials are also washed into the
water bodies. This has an adverse effect on stream and
river health too.
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Buildings
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Measurement of BUILDING AREABuilding Name Area (sq.m)Academic Building- 1 2580Academic Building -2 5432Academic Building -3 5040Khan Jahan Ali Hall 2980Khan Bahadur Ahasanullah Hall
2800
Aparajita Hall 6012Shaik Mujib Hall 2980Caféteria 532Central Mosque 360Motor Cycle Stand 130Primary School 280BNCC Office 105Purnendo Gain Lab 72
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Measurement of Building AreaBuilding Name Area (sq.m)V.C Banglo 244Stuff Quarter - 1 580Stuff Quarter - 2 600Sharli Islam Library 415Central Library 2556Adohmmo Bangla 144Shahid Miner 120New Bank 85Administrator Building 2292Post Office 80Agroni Bank and KU Studies 288
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Measurement of Building AreaBuilding Name Area (sq.m)Teachers Quarter - 1 180Teachers Quarter - 2 185Mukto Mancho 155Medical Office 256Agro-technology lab - 1 240Agro-technology Lab - 2 240Green House 54Police Fary New 205Forestry Lab - 1 245Forestry Lab - 2 244Roterate office 72
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Run off after precipitation Roof run off causing erosion Improper ground water recharge
Problems due to buildings and constructions
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Total area of roads : 5.359 Acres. Total area of buildings and other
constructions :8.50421 Acres. So, total runoff area is 5.359+8.50421=13.8632 Acres
SURVEY RESULT
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Water Body
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Crucial part of a watershed.Consists mainly of
Water Body
Lakes Ponds
Channels Rivers
Seas Ocean
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Ponds
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Water Body
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Water Body
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Water Body
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Map of water body
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Survey Area Name Area(m2)
Pond of Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah Hall
2368
Frontage pond of Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah Hall
576
Ponds behind the Khan Jahan Ali Hall
1728
Central library(frontage side) pond (small)
360
Canal behind the 3rdaceademicbulding
3712
Pond Behind the quarters 1272
Fisheries' area beside the 2nd academic building 4340
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Pond(small) behind the Odommo Bangla monument
3311
Fisheries area beside the 1st academic building
3358842
Pond behind the Aporajita Hall 1356
Pond beside the Mosque 2688
University lake 14776
Total: 40075
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The total area of water body = 9.899 Acres.
Survey Result
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Disturbance and pollution
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Moderate to severe erosion Ditch erosion Throwing plastics, bottles, garbage etc to the paths of
water flow Filling the water channels with sediments and waste
materials.
Problems to the water body
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Vegetative Area
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Another inseparable element in any watershed is vegetation.The vegetation in watersheds have impacts on The quality of the water Reducing sedimentation Wildlife and bird habitat, Soil health. Air quality, etc. Grasses, shrubs, and trees make up the majority of plant
cover . As leaves fall and decompose, they add the organic matter to the soil
Vegetative Area
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Vegetative Area
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Vegetative Area
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Total Vegetative area =81.8378 Acres.
Survey result
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Pollution
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Slight or moderate surface erosion Direct flow or runoff to water bodies Throwing various waste materials Using some forest grounds as parking lot.
Problems to the vegetative land
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Satellite map of Khulna University
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Ridge line
Sub Stream
Outlet
Main Stream
Figure-1: Watershed in river basin with sub stream
Sub Watershed
Sub Watershed
Sub Watershed
Sub Watershed
Main channel
Sub channelSub channel
Sub channel
Outlet
Figure-2: A watershed with sub watershed and sub basin
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Play ground and
Agricultural land of Khulna
University
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Components Area (acre)Water Body 7.319
Building 9.408
Road 5.359
Vegetative land 81.40
Total area 105.6
Coverage Area
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7%9% 5%
79%
Area DistributionWater Body Building Road Vegetative Land
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RIVER
Main Channel(Lake)
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Agricultural
Field
PLAY GROUNDPOND
DRAINAGE
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AGRICULTURAL FIELD
Pond
Lake
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Khulna University area possesses sub parallel and radial type of watershed
Result
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The End