Waterproofing admixtures - סילטקsealtec.co.il/files/FMF_139.pdfdurability of modified mortars...
Transcript of Waterproofing admixtures - סילטקsealtec.co.il/files/FMF_139.pdfdurability of modified mortars...
Page 1 Holger Sass, 08.2014
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Waterproofing admixtures
• Traditional: low w/c + pozzolans like microsilica
• SBR-Latex: SIKA-Latex, Mowilith LDM6880, Aquafin Latex,
Nitobond SBR
• Crystalline: Xypex Admix C, Krystol KIM, Penetron Admix,
Betocrete C16, C17, C35
• Hydrophobic products: SIKA-1, ASOLIN-DMK, Conplast WP100
• Hydrophobic + pore blocking: Caltite, Hycrete W, Ipanex,
Conplast WP400
• Hydrophobic + crystalline: Betocrete C21
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AQUAFIN Latex
Areas of application:
Bonding emulsion for the preparation of high quality concrete, mortar and
render.
The addition of AQUAFIN®-LATEX considerably extends the lifetime and
durability of modified mortars and concrete mixes.
Properties:
• White liquid, solvent free
• Suitable for interiors and exteriors
• Reduces water absorption
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AQUAFIN Latex
Advantages:
• Simple dosage to the gauging water
• Increases the elasticity and raises the flexural
strength
• Large increase in tensile adhesion
• Reduces water permeability especially in
concrete
• Minimises the shrinkage behaviour
• No premixing required
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ASOLIN-DMK Waterproofing additive - concentrate
Description:
• Liquid concentrate for producing water
repellent concrete as well as renders
against driving rain and ground moisture.
• Hydrophobic properties.
• Waterproof additive (DM) in accordance with
DIN 934-2: T9.
Consumption:
• max. 1.3 kg/100 kg cement
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Schomburg Crystalline Waterproofers
• 1st generation “Powder” BETOCRETE® C-35
• Powder additives, mostly blended with cement
• 2nd generation “Liquid” BETOCRETE® C-16 (AQUAFIN IC Admix)
• Liquid, ready-for-use admixture BETOCRETE® C-17(BV)
• CE marking (EN 934–2)
• Pure crystalline action
• 3rd generation “Liquid” BETOCRETE® C-21(DM)
• liquid, ready-for-use
• CE marking (EN 934–2)
• Crystalline and hydrophobic action
• Patent pending
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Crystalline Waterproofing –
Mode of Action • In order to prevent the penetration of liquids, the concrete is
modified with crystal forming admixtures. As a result, capillary suction and/or penetration of pressure water is reduced.
• Three action principles are available: -
– WP by hydrophobic action BETOCRETE® C-21 (DM)
– WP by filling of pores ALL TYPES of BETOCRETE® - C´s
(AQUAFIN IC Admix)
– WP by water reduction BETOCRETE® C-17 (BV)
• Selection of our different materials allows best possible individual effects depending on various construction situations
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Cement hydration leads to formation of free lime (CH)
mainly through the following reactions:
2 C3S + 6H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH
2 C2S + 4H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH
Reaction principle:
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Reaction principle:
The hydration and Ca(OH)2 (CH) is a relatively slow process:
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But the pore water is saturated with Ca(OH)2 (CH)
Already minutes after the start of the hydration:
Reaction principle:
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• The reaction between the admixture and Ca- and Al ions (resp CaO or Ca(OH)2) creates insoluble crystalline crystals
• Liquid water is needed for the reaction
• Crystals fill pores, cracks and voids up to 0.4 mm
• Extent and duration of growth depend on
– composition of concrete (cement content, density, capillary structure)
– Water presence (ideal are many wet-dry cycles)
• The tree-like, re-growing nano crystals are colourless to white
• This mechanism is permanent and irreversible
Reaction principle:
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Reaction principle:
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Stereo Microscopic View
• Concrete, dyed with iron oxide pigments
• Before / after immersion in water (~14 d)
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SEM View
BETOCRETE® C-17 (BV)
Control
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Testing self-heal forces
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Testing self-heal forces • Istanbul Technical University
İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LABORATORY
34469 Maslak/İstanbul, Tel: 0212 2853757-58, Fax: 0212 285 6587
The cracked samples are mounted into water depositories. After the mounting, observations have been
performed by placing the samples in water as 50 cm high from the samples. The water amounts leaking from
the cracks have been weighed and recorded each day (Table 4 and Figure 1). The leaking water amounts are
approximate since no actions have been taken against the evaporation. It may be seen that the water leakage
lessens particularly by the 5th
day.
Table 4. The Weighed Approximate Water Amounts Leaking from the Crack (gr/day)
Day Betocrete-C16 Sample 1 Water leakage amount (gr/day)
Betocrete-C16 Sample 2 Water leakage amount (gr/day)
1 218,35 34,73
2 165,80 27,99
3 157,06 24,30
4 104,75 29,96
5 51,06 20,92
6 3,90 0
7 0 0
Increase of water leakage over time
Cumulative leaking water amount (gr) crack width 0,2mm
crack width 0,1mm
Elapsed Time (day)
Figure 1. Water leakage development in Betocrete-C16 added samples
İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LABORATORY
34469 Maslak/İstanbul, Tel: 0212 2853757-58, Fax: 0212 285 6587
The cracked samples are mounted into water depositories. After the mounting, observations have been
performed by placing the samples in water as 50 cm high from the samples. The water amounts leaking from
the cracks have been weighed and recorded each day (Table 4 and Figure 1). The leaking water amounts are
approximate since no actions have been taken against the evaporation. It may be seen that the water leakage
lessens particularly by the 5th
day.
Table 4. The Weighed Approximate Water Amounts Leaking from the Crack (gr/day)
Day Betocrete-C16 Sample 1 Water leakage amount (gr/day)
Betocrete-C16 Sample 2 Water leakage amount (gr/day)
1 218,35 34,73
2 165,80 27,99
3 157,06 24,30
4 104,75 29,96
5 51,06 20,92
6 3,90 0
7 0 0
Increase of water leakage over time
Cumulative leaking water amount (gr) crack width 0,2mm
crack width 0,1mm
Elapsed Time (day)
Figure 1. Water leakage development in Betocrete-C16 added samples
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BETOCRETE® C-16
İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LABORATORY
34469 Maslak/İstanbul, Tel: 0212 2853757-58, Fax: 0212 285 6587
The crack water leakage observations performed on second and seventh days are given in
pictures 2 and 3.
Picture 2. Second Day. The Betocrete-C16 added samples; crystal formations may be
observed.
Picture 3. Seventh Day. It is observed that the crack is closed and the water leakage is
stopped in the Betocrete-C16 added samples.
Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Akkaya
Signed
İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LABORATORY
34469 Maslak/İstanbul, Tel: 0212 2853757-58, Fax: 0212 285 6587
The crack water leakage observations performed on second and seventh days are given in
pictures 2 and 3.
Picture 2. Second Day. The Betocrete-C16 added samples; crystal formations may be
observed.
Picture 3. Seventh Day. It is observed that the crack is closed and the water leakage is
stopped in the Betocrete-C16 added samples.
Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Akkaya
Signed
A
f
t
e
r
2
d
a
y
s
After 7 days
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Concrete pipe (immersed for 21 d u.w.)
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Concrete pipe (immersed for 21 d u.w.)
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Water Permeability
• Specimen treated with BETOCRETE® C-17
(BV) were tested in Singapore (SETSCO)
• Reduction by - 50 % related to control
Table 2: Water Permeability Test
Sample Reference Control Treated with Betocrete C-17
Specimen Reference 1 2 3 1 2 3
Size of Cube (mm) 150
Date of Cast 14/05/2008
Date of Test 13/06/2008
Age of Test (days) 30
Pressure Applied (kg/cm²) 5
No. of Hours Pressure Applied (hours) 72
Depth of Water Penetration (mm) 32.5 23.9 27.2 11.2 14.7 14.9
Average Depth of Water Penetration (mm) 27.9 13.6
Please refer to photographs 2 to 5 for the depth of water penetration of the test specimens.
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Water permeability (Germany) Table 3: Water penetration test acc. DIN EN 12390-8 – Reference
concrete -
Specimen Length
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Height
(mm) Weight (kg)
Raw
density
(kg/m³)
Max. penetration
(mm)
Ref-1164N-1 201 200 114 10.75 2.345 15
Ref-1164N-2 203 201 114 11.05 2.378 13
Ref-1164N-3 201 200 114 10.98 2.395 8
Average penatration depth 12
Table 4: Water penetration test acc. DIN EN 12390-8 – Betocrete C17
treated concrete -
Specimen Length
(mm)
Width
(mm)
Height
(mm) Weight (kg)
Raw density
(kg/m³)
Max. penetration
(mm)
Prüf-1164N-1 203 201 115 11 2.344 7
Prüf-1164N-2 203 201 115 11.14 2.374 10
Prüf-1164N-3 203 201 115 11 2.344 4
Average penatration depth 7
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Test Results in Singapore • Permeability: reduced by 10 times
– Test method according to Darcy
– Water loss per hour and coefficient of permeability
– Test with 30 m head of water pressure
Table 3: Water Permeability test
Sample Reference Control Treated with Betocrete C-17
1 2 3 1 2 3
Dimensional Measurement Average
Diameter (mm) 99.6 100.5 99.8 99.6 99.8 99.6
Average Height, L (mm) 50.6 49.9 50.9 50 50.8 50.1
Cross-Sectional Area, A (m²) 7.79x10-3 7.93x10-3 7.82x10-3 7.79x10-3 7.82x10-3 7.79x10-3
Permeability
593 601 589 600 591 599 Hydraulic gradient across sample,
i = 30 (m head of water/m)
L
Constant Flow (cc/hr) 0.0358 0.0219 0.0457 0.0082 0.0078 0.008
Rate, Q m³/sec) 9.94x10-12 6.08x10-12 1.27x10-11 2.28x10-12 2.17x10-12 2.23x10-12
Coefficient of Permeability, k
(m/sec) 2.15x10-12 1.27x10-12 2.75x10-12 4.88x10-13 4.70x10-13 4.77x10-13
Average Coefficient of Permeability, k
(m/sec) 2.06x10-12 4.78x10-13
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Doseage requirements
-
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
water / cement ratio
Fre
e p
ore
wa
ter,
% c
em
en
t
2%
0.8%
3%
1%
C16-C21: 0 – 2%
C35: 0-0.8%
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Key Selling Points C-Series
• Self healing effect
• Resists high hydrostatic pressure
• Limited influence on concrete mix design (except C17)
• Good substrate for coatings
• All system components available from Schomburg
• Easy to use (C16, C17, C21)
• Reduction of carbonation due to release of alkaline compounds on reaction with CO2
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Key Selling Points C-Series
• The RCM (Rapid Chloride Migration) test simultates
the service life of reinforced concrete. RCM Test
results show:
– 50% increase in service life (22 years) at w/c ratio
of 0.50.
– 100% increase in service life (37 years) at w/c ratio
of 0.60.
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Disadvantages of crystalline
admixtures
• Hydrophilic: capillary water absorption higher than control
• Waterproofing effect takes days to weeks to develop
• Tendency to discoloration especially with pozzolans like fly ash or slag
• Chance of efflorescence
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Additional Selling Points C21
• Immediate hydrophobic effect
• Reduced tendency for discoloration
• Water absorption reduced against
control
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The right choice of C-Series
In the specification stage:
• If we can influence the mix design => BETOCRETE-
C17: lower W/C gives less pores and best
performance.
• If the mix design is fixed => BETOCRETE-C21: Gives
crystalline and hydrophobic effect. No competitor can
supply an „equal“.
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products: BETOCRETE-C35 is based on a similar chemistry than the follwing
competitor products:
• XYPEX ADMIX C500, C1000 and C2000
• Kryton Krystol KIM HS, AE, ES
• PENETRON ADMIX
Selling points for BETOCRETE-C35:
• Lower dosage (against Xypex and Kryton)
• Economic pricing
• Can be used as an „equal“ replacement
• Water tight plastic bags
=> BETOCRETE C35 is used in tight specifications or if price is the only selling point!
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products:
BETOCRETE-C35 has only one grade:
• XYPEX ADMIX C500, C1000: Use C35 only
• XYPEX ADMIX C2000: Use C35 + Ruxolith types
• Kryton Krystol KIM HS: Use C35 only
• Kryton Krystol KIM AE: Use C35 + REMI-AIR
• Kryton Krystol KIM ES: Use C35 + Ruxolith types
We can go with a lower dosage than Xypex and
Kryton as BETOCRETE C35 has more active
chemicals.
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products:
We can use C16, C17 and C21 against Kryton, Xypex
and Penetron as well with the following additional
argumentation:
BETOCRETE C16:
• Easier to use, liquid
• No clumping
• More uniform distribution as already dissolved
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products:
BETOCRETE C17:
• like C16
• Additional superplastisizer reduces w/c and thus the volume of
pores
BETOCRETE C21:
• like C16
• Hydrophobic effect reduces water absorption to less than 50% of
control mix
• <1% water absorption acc. BS 1881-122 can be achieved
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products:
For hydrophobic waterproofing agents we use
BETOCRETE C21 as our alternative:
Everdure Caltite (Cementaid, UK):
• C21 only dosed at 2 – 3% instead of 10%
• No self-healing effect in Caltite
• Strong water repellency of Caltite limits application of
water based paints
• Extreme ammonia smell
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The right choice of C-Series
to replace competitor products:
Hycrete W-1000 (Hycrete, Inc., USA)
• Strong water repellency of Hycrete limits application of water based paints
• No proof of self-healing effect
IPANEX (Cement Chemistry Systems, Inc., USA)
• Strong smell
• No self-healing effect
• Expensive
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Hydrophobic vs. crystalline
Hydrophobic effects („water repellency“) are very good against moisture and dampness:
• Achieved by „coating“ all internal surfaces with usually aliphatic hydrocarbons
• Limited resistance against hydrostatic pressure
• Effect fades away with dust deposit and carbonation of concrete
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Hydrophobic vs. crystalline
Crystalline products fill the concrete pores with inorganic crystals:
• Pores are narrowed and ingress of water dramatically reduced under hydrostatic pressure
• Crystals are hydrophilic and the smaller capillary diameter further increases water absorption compared to untreated concrete
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The „ideal“ waterproof concrete
• Has a good aggregate grading and a low water/cement ratio (<0.45)
• Has at least 300kg/m³ cement and is easy compacting
• Has the capability to fill voids and cracks by itself
• Is slightly hydrophobic to reduce absorption but still allow water based coatings
• Has all its joints and penetrations waterproofed
Page 37 Holger Sass, 08.2014
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The „ideal“ waterproof concrete
With
BETOCRETE C21,
INDUFLEX-CJ13 and
our superplastisers and retarders
we have all it takes to formulate it!
Page 38 Holger Sass, 08.2014
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Thank you for your kind
attention!