Water valuation, benefits and trade off after resettlement
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Transcript of Water valuation, benefits and trade off after resettlement
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Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy in Ha Noi, Viet Nam, November 19 to 21, 2013
BDC Mekong Project 2 Lao Team
Water Valuation, Benefits and Trade off after Resettlement – Case Study on Upstream of Nam
Gnouang Hydropower Reservoir
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Outline
• Introduction• Study Site • Approach• Results• Conclusions/
Further analysis
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T-H Extension Project
NG Reservoir and resettlement villages
Case Study in Lao PDR – Upstream Site
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VG 1
Keo Saen Kham180 HHs 2011
VG 2 320 HHs 2010
VG 3a 160 HHs 2010-11
VG 1 150 HHs 2009
The Change: conversion of Nam Gnouang river into a reservoir,
resettlement of local villages
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Study Site in Lao PDR:
Upstream
Google Earth image in 2003Estimated reservoir extent in 2012, byTheun Himboun Power Company, Lao PDR
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• To understand how local communities use the river water, river ecosystems and later reservoir ecosystem
• To assess the economic importance of the river and reservoir for local livelihood and income
• To compare water use patterns and economic values before and after the resettlement
Objectives
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Longitudinal Survey
FGDs and Stakeholder
Consultation
Upstream HH survey in 4
villagesBefore
Resettlement100 HH
April 2011 Sept. 2012
Upstream HH survey in 4
villages After
Resettlement100 HH
Validation Workshop
May 2013Feb 2011
Resettlementof 180 HH
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River Related Income Portfolio
Fisheries63%
Forestry 2%
Irrigated Agriculture
33%
Non Farm2%
River Related Income portfolio of HH Before Ressettlement
Total = 13 Mkip
Fisheries96%
Forestry 4%
Non Farm0%
River Related Income portfolio of HH After Ressettlement
Total = 5 Mkip
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From river to reservoir fisheries
Fishing is the most important use of reservoir
Fisheries generate a large share of income and more cash than before, but fisheries changed:
– Higher catch, but less diverse & lower market value
– Seasonality shifted – from peak fish catch in dry season to peak in rainy season
– No more harvest of other aquatic animals – Different fishing technique requiring more
equipment
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Changes is not Homogeneous Distance matters
• Before relocation: 4-5 minutes walk to the river
• After relocation: up to 30 minutes walk to the reservoir
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Distance to the Reservoir an Important factor in Livelihood strategies
– Close: < 15 mn walk– Medium: 15-33 mn– Far: >33 mn
The distance to reservoir is an important factor for access to fishery resource
Households located close to the reservoir have invested more in boats, fishing gears and fishery licenses than those located farBefore After Before After Before After
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Change in River Related Income Portfolio - Before & After Resettlement
Non Farm
Irrigated Agriculture
Forestry
Fisheries
Mill
ion
Kip/
HH/y
ear
CLOSE MEDIUM FAR
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Domestic Water use – from river collection to Individual Well
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Changes in Sources of Water
River54%
Spring44%
Tap 2%
Dry Season
River36%
Spring50%
Rain and river5%
Rain and spring7%
Tap2%
Rain SeasonBefore Resettlement
After Resettlement
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Access to Water is Easier.....
Ease of Access to Sources of Water Before and After Relocation(1: Very easy; 5: Very difficult)
More Difficult
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and water consumption increases
Water Consumption Before and After Resettlement(liters/household/day)
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....and it saves time
Time Spent Collecting Water, Before and After Resettlement (total hours per week)
Total Total
Total Total
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...for making more money!
• Assuming a $2 per day of potential economic productivity
• The total annual economic benefit of the reduction in water collection time can be valued at approximately $19,000 (for all 4 villages combined)
Share of Economic Benefits from Time Saving in Water Collection Among 4 Villages
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Conclusion • During the transition period, households
relies more on natural resources • Reservoir fisheries need to be sustained
as it has become the most important local use of the reservoir and the main source of income
• Need to consider the differences within the resettlement village in terms of access to reservoir, forest and grazing while designing resettlement villages
• Domestic water access has dramatically improved and made more time available for income generation through other activities
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Need for further analysis
• The 2nd survey was too soon after the resettlement and agriculture activities had not yet started
• Another survey is planned in December 2013 to assess the changes two and half years after the resettlement