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Transcript of Water Treatment Processes and Ozone Treatment of the Source WQT 131 Water Works Operation III Water...
Water Treatment Processes and Ozone Treatment of the
Source
Water Treatment Processes and Ozone Treatment of the
Source
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 1 Water Treatment ProcessesChapter 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
OZONE
Lecture 1
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 1 Water Treatment ProcessesChapter 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
OZONE
Lecture 1
Week 1 Objectives Week 1 Objectives
1. Understand common water treatment processes
2. Understand ways to control biological growth and maintain clean water at the source
3. OZONE
1. Understand common water treatment processes
2. Understand ways to control biological growth and maintain clean water at the source
3. OZONE
Reading assignment: AWWA 2003. Water Treatment, Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operation, Third Edition, American Waterworks Association, ISBN 1-58321-230-2
Chapter 1 Water Treatment ProcessesChapter 2 Treatment of Water at the SourceChapter 7 Disinfection and OZONE FACT SHEET
Reading assignment: AWWA 2003. Water Treatment, Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operation, Third Edition, American Waterworks Association, ISBN 1-58321-230-2
Chapter 1 Water Treatment ProcessesChapter 2 Treatment of Water at the SourceChapter 7 Disinfection and OZONE FACT SHEET
Key WordsKey Words• Disinfectants: kill unwanted microorganisms in water.
• Algaecides: chemicals that kill blue or green algae, when added to water.
• Coagulants: used to remove clay, organic matter, small suspended particles, iron, and manganese from water
• Surface Water Systems: Treatment and use of surface water to supply industries and domestic residences.
• Groundwater Systems: Groundwater extracted for the sole purpose of supply.
• Disinfectants: kill unwanted microorganisms in water.
• Algaecides: chemicals that kill blue or green algae, when added to water.
• Coagulants: used to remove clay, organic matter, small suspended particles, iron, and manganese from water
• Surface Water Systems: Treatment and use of surface water to supply industries and domestic residences.
• Groundwater Systems: Groundwater extracted for the sole purpose of supply.
The destruction of the larger portion of microorganisms with
the probability that all pathogens are killed is called ?
The destruction of the larger portion of microorganisms with
the probability that all pathogens are killed is called ?
Dig
estio
n
Dis
infe
ctio
n
Dilu
tion
Ste
riliz
atio
n
Dis
posal
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1. Digestion
2. Disinfection
3. Dilution
4. Sterilization
5. Disposal
1. Digestion
2. Disinfection
3. Dilution
4. Sterilization
5. Disposal
CH 1 Water Treatment Processes
CH 1 Water Treatment Processes
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 1 Water Treatment Processes
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 1 Water Treatment Processes
Surface Water SystemsSurface Water Systems• Surface water sources are open to contamination from human and animal waste and other pollution.
•Must comply with the Federal Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and include filtration, disinfection, operating, monitoring, and reporting requirements.
•Water is always treated prior to distribution
•Treatment for microorganisms, low turbidity, and must have a minimum disinfectant residual.
• Surface water sources are open to contamination from human and animal waste and other pollution.
•Must comply with the Federal Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and include filtration, disinfection, operating, monitoring, and reporting requirements.
•Water is always treated prior to distribution
•Treatment for microorganisms, low turbidity, and must have a minimum disinfectant residual.
Source waters include these two broad categories
Source waters include these two broad categories
25% 25%25%25%a. Surface water and ground water
b. Reservoirs and wells
c. Reservoirs and ground water
d. Flowing water and stagnant water
a. Surface water and ground water
b. Reservoirs and wells
c. Reservoirs and ground water
d. Flowing water and stagnant water
The formation of layers of different temperature in a
body of water is called what?
The formation of layers of different temperature in a
body of water is called what?
Ther
mal
stra
tific
atio
n
Ther
mal
just
ifica
tion
Lim
noptic
laye
ring
Lim
noptic
stra
tific
atio
n
25% 25%25%25%1. Thermal stratification
2. Thermal justification
3. Limnoptic layering
4. Limnoptic stratification
1. Thermal stratification
2. Thermal justification
3. Limnoptic layering
4. Limnoptic stratification
Groundwater in comparison to surface water is generally:
Groundwater in comparison to surface water is generally:
20% 20% 20%20%20%1. Lower in turbidity and higher in mineral content
2. Higher in turbidity and lower in mineral content
3. More susceptible to seasonal changes
4. More susceptible to algal blooms
5. Warmer and is quite soft
1. Lower in turbidity and higher in mineral content
2. Higher in turbidity and lower in mineral content
3. More susceptible to seasonal changes
4. More susceptible to algal blooms
5. Warmer and is quite soft
Water Treatment StepsWater Treatment Steps
1. Pretreatment – At the Source
2. Coagulation and Flocculation
3. Sedimentation
4. Filtration-Sand filters or Ultra Filtration Membranes
5. Disinfection-chlorine, Ozone, UV
6. Corrosion control- caustic soda or lye NaOHSoda ash Na2CO3 Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) NaHCO3
1. Pretreatment – At the Source
2. Coagulation and Flocculation
3. Sedimentation
4. Filtration-Sand filters or Ultra Filtration Membranes
5. Disinfection-chlorine, Ozone, UV
6. Corrosion control- caustic soda or lye NaOHSoda ash Na2CO3 Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) NaHCO3
Conventional Treatment Conventional Treatment • Conventional Treatment – Common treatment steps used to remove turbidity from the initial source water.
• Conventional Treatment – Common treatment steps used to remove turbidity from the initial source water.
2. Flocculation2. Flocculation 3. Sedimentation3. Sedimentation 4. Filtration4. Filtration1. Coagulation1. Coagulation
PretreatmentPretreatment
Raw WaterRaw Water
Rapid or flash Mixing
Alum, polymer
Rapid or flash Mixing
Alum, polymer
SlowSlowFastFast
SludgeSludgeWashwaterWashwater
5. Clear Well Disinfection5. Clear Well Disinfection
Distri
bution
Distri
bution
ClearwellBackwash
pumps
ClearwellBackwash
pumps
ChlorinationOzone
UV
ChlorinationOzone
UVAlkalinity
adjustmentAlkalinity
adjustment
The correct order of treatment in a surface water plant is:
The correct order of treatment in a surface water plant is:
a. f
iltra
tion, d
isin
fect
i...
b. s
edim
enta
tion,
floc.
..
c. c
oagula
tion, f
locc
ul...
d. f
locc
ulatio
n, coag
u...
25% 25%25%25%a. filtration, disinfection, softening, and coagulation
b. sedimentation, flocculation, softening, and coagulation
c. coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration
d. flocculation, coagulation, filtration, and sedimentation
a. filtration, disinfection, softening, and coagulation
b. sedimentation, flocculation, softening, and coagulation
c. coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration
d. flocculation, coagulation, filtration, and sedimentation
Agglomeration of colloidal and finely divided suspended matter
after coagulation by gentle mixing is called what?
Agglomeration of colloidal and finely divided suspended matter
after coagulation by gentle mixing is called what?
Flo
ccula
tion
Sed
imen
tatio
n
Poly
mer
acc
retio
n
Bal
last
ing
25% 25%25%25%1. Flocculation
2. Sedimentation
3. Polymer accretion
4. Ballasting
1. Flocculation
2. Sedimentation
3. Polymer accretion
4. Ballasting
Under normal conditions, coagulation:
Under normal conditions, coagulation:
Occ
urs
in s
econds
Occ
urs
in m
inute
s
Occ
urs
in h
ours
None
of the
abo
ve
25% 25%25%25%1. Occurs in seconds
2. Occurs in minutes
3. Occurs in hours
4. None of the above
1. Occurs in seconds
2. Occurs in minutes
3. Occurs in hours
4. None of the above
The main purpose of coagulation/flocculation is to:
The main purpose of coagulation/flocculation is to:
Rem
ove tu
rbid
ity
Softe
n wat
er
Add o
xygen
to w
ater
Dis
infe
ct w
ater
25% 25%25%25%1. Remove turbidity
2. Soften water
3. Add oxygen to water
4. Disinfect water
1. Remove turbidity
2. Soften water
3. Add oxygen to water
4. Disinfect water
The main purpose of pre-sedimentation is to:
The main purpose of pre-sedimentation is to:
Incr
ease
the
oxyge
n ...
Incr
ease
alk
alin
ity in
...
Red
uce
the
oxygen
c...
Red
uce
the
silt
in th
e...
25% 25%25%25%1. Increase the oxygen content of water
2. Increase alkalinity in the water
3. Reduce the oxygen content in the water
4. Reduce the silt in the water
1. Increase the oxygen content of water
2. Increase alkalinity in the water
3. Reduce the oxygen content in the water
4. Reduce the silt in the water
Sedimentation is a process that _________ suspended matter.: Sedimentation is a process that _________ suspended matter.:
Set
tles
Coag
ulate
s
Flo
ccula
tes
Filt
ers
25% 25%25%25%
1. Settles
2. Coagulates
3. Flocculates
4. Filters
1. Settles
2. Coagulates
3. Flocculates
4. Filters
Sedimentation is improved by: Sedimentation is improved by:
Short
circ
uiting
Red
ucin
g the
deten
ti..
Unifo
rm, h
orizont
al, .
..
A s
ludg
e bla
nket t
hat...
25% 25%25%25%
1. Short circuiting
2. Reducing the detention period
3. Uniform, horizontal, low-velocity flow across the basin
4. A sludge blanket that acts as a physical filter for incoming solids
1. Short circuiting
2. Reducing the detention period
3. Uniform, horizontal, low-velocity flow across the basin
4. A sludge blanket that acts as a physical filter for incoming solids
The normal range of detention times used in sedimentation basins in conventional water
treatment plants is about:
The normal range of detention times used in sedimentation basins in conventional water
treatment plants is about:
A d
ay
60
sec.
10
sec.
3-6
hou
rs
25% 25%25%25%1. A day
2. 60 sec.
3. 10 sec.
4. 3-6 hours
1. A day
2. 60 sec.
3. 10 sec.
4. 3-6 hours
In conventional water treatment practices, the final step in the
removal of suspended matter is:
In conventional water treatment practices, the final step in the
removal of suspended matter is:
Chlo
rinat
ion
Flo
ccula
tion
Circ
ulat
ion
Filt
ratio
n
25% 25%25%25%1. Chlorination
2. Flocculation
3. Circulation
4. Filtration
1. Chlorination
2. Flocculation
3. Circulation
4. Filtration
• Chemical Precipitation:
Chemical precipitation= coagulation, flocculation, oxidation. Various salts of aluminum (e.g., alum), iron, manganese, lime and other inorganic or organic chemicals are widely used processes to treat water for the removal of colloidal particles (turbidity) and microbes.
• Chemical Precipitation:
Chemical precipitation= coagulation, flocculation, oxidation. Various salts of aluminum (e.g., alum), iron, manganese, lime and other inorganic or organic chemicals are widely used processes to treat water for the removal of colloidal particles (turbidity) and microbes.
Water Treatment Water Treatment
• Coagulation: Clarification methods that work by using chemicals which effectively "glue" small suspended particles together, so that they settle out of the water or stick to sand or other granules in a granular media filter. Coagulation works by eliminating the natural electrical charge of the suspended particles so they attract and stick to each other. The joining of the particles so that they will form larger settleable particles is called flocculation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification).
• Coagulation: Clarification methods that work by using chemicals which effectively "glue" small suspended particles together, so that they settle out of the water or stick to sand or other granules in a granular media filter. Coagulation works by eliminating the natural electrical charge of the suspended particles so they attract and stick to each other. The joining of the particles so that they will form larger settleable particles is called flocculation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification).
Water Treatment Water Treatment
Which one of the following chemicals would you most likely
use as a coagulant?:
Which one of the following chemicals would you most likely
use as a coagulant?:
Cat
ionic
pol
ymer
Sulfu
ric a
cid
Hyd
roch
loric
aci
d
Sodiu
m h
ydro
xide
25% 25%25%25%1. Cationic polymer
2. Sulfuric acid
3. Hydrochloric acid
4. Sodium hydroxide
1. Cationic polymer
2. Sulfuric acid
3. Hydrochloric acid
4. Sodium hydroxide
Which is the best method to remove sand from water?
Which is the best method to remove sand from water?
Add li
me
Aer
ate
Pro
vide
a se
ttlin
g tank
Use
zeolit
e so
ftenin
g
25% 25%25%25%1. Add lime
2. Aerate
3. Provide a settling tank
4. Use zeolite softening
1. Add lime
2. Aerate
3. Provide a settling tank
4. Use zeolite softening
Lamella Tubular SettlersLamella Tubular Settlers
Tube settlers are used to:Tube settlers are used to:
Aid
coa
gulatio
n
Impro
ve tu
rbid
ity re
...
Red
uce
flow
sta
bility
Rem
ove h
ardne
ss
25% 25%25%25%1. Aid coagulation
2. Improve turbidity removal
3. Reduce flow stability
4. Remove hardness
1. Aid coagulation
2. Improve turbidity removal
3. Reduce flow stability
4. Remove hardness
What conditions call for the use of plate or tube settlers?:
What conditions call for the use of plate or tube settlers?:
Ext
rem
ely
turb
id w
ater
Hig
h iron a
nd m
anga
...
Zeb
ra m
usse
l infe
stat
ion
Alg
al b
loom
25% 25%25%25%1. Extremely turbid water
2. High iron and manganese
3. Zebra mussel infestation
4. Algal bloom
1. Extremely turbid water
2. High iron and manganese
3. Zebra mussel infestation
4. Algal bloom
• Air Stripping: Air stripping is a full-scale technology in which volatile organics are partitioned from ground water by greatly increasing the surface area of the contaminated water exposed to air. (http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4_50.html).
• Air Stripping: Air stripping is a full-scale technology in which volatile organics are partitioned from ground water by greatly increasing the surface area of the contaminated water exposed to air. (http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4_50.html).
Water Treatment Water Treatment
Water Treatment Water Treatment
• Ion exchange: Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion (an atom or molecule that has lost or gained an electron and thus acquired an electrical charge) from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle (http://www.remco.com/ix.htm).
• Ion exchange: Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion (an atom or molecule that has lost or gained an electron and thus acquired an electrical charge) from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle (http://www.remco.com/ix.htm).
Water Treatment Water Treatment
• Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane Processes: Membrane filtration in which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafiltration).
• Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane Processes: Membrane filtration in which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafiltration).
CH 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
CH 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 2 Treatment of Water at the Source
Aquatic PlantsAquatic Plants
Algae: encompass several groups of relatively simple, eukaryotic, living aquatic organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, using it to convert inorganic substances into organic substances. ~17,500 species Blue green, green, diatoms, and pigmented flagellates
Algae: encompass several groups of relatively simple, eukaryotic, living aquatic organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, using it to convert inorganic substances into organic substances. ~17,500 species Blue green, green, diatoms, and pigmented flagellates
Aquatic PlantsAquatic PlantsEmergent Plant: shallow water near shoreline (cattails)
Floating Plant: have leaves floating on surface (Water lilies)
Submereged Plant: completely underwater (Coontail)
Emergent Plant: shallow water near shoreline (cattails)
Floating Plant: have leaves floating on surface (Water lilies)
Submereged Plant: completely underwater (Coontail)
Algae ProblemsAlgae Problems
•Taste, Odor, Color-metabolic by products •Toxicity-some species toxic•Filter Clogging-blind the filter•Slime Accumulation:algae=light; bacteria=dark•Corrosion-alter pH•Interference-alter pH, alkalinity, DO, OM•THM-react with Cl2 produce THM
•Taste, Odor, Color-metabolic by products •Toxicity-some species toxic•Filter Clogging-blind the filter•Slime Accumulation:algae=light; bacteria=dark•Corrosion-alter pH•Interference-alter pH, alkalinity, DO, OM•THM-react with Cl2 produce THM
Aquatic Plants ControlAquatic Plants Control
Physical (removal)-harvesting, digging, dewatering, dredging, shading, lining.
Biological-crayfish, snails, fish
Chemical-algaecides, herbicides
Physical (removal)-harvesting, digging, dewatering, dredging, shading, lining.
Biological-crayfish, snails, fish
Chemical-algaecides, herbicides
AlgaecidesAlgaecidesEx: Copper sulfate, iron salts, rosin amine salts and benzalkonium chloride
Algaecides are effective against algae, but are not very usable for algal blooms. Kill all present algae, but they do not remove the toxins that are released by the algae prior to death.
Ex: Copper sulfate, iron salts, rosin amine salts and benzalkonium chloride
Algaecides are effective against algae, but are not very usable for algal blooms. Kill all present algae, but they do not remove the toxins that are released by the algae prior to death.
Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate
Copper sulfate application
•*pH, *Alkalinity, Temp, Suspended Solids, Organic Content
•1.3 mg/L EPA DWS at the tap
•Not all algae killed by CUSO4
•Ideal: pH 8-9 and CaCO3 50 mg/L
•Safe dosage to fish: 0.5 mg/L, Trout Sensitive at 0.14 mg/L
•Pesticide regulated by EPA under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide act (FIFRA)
Copper sulfate application
•*pH, *Alkalinity, Temp, Suspended Solids, Organic Content
•1.3 mg/L EPA DWS at the tap
•Not all algae killed by CUSO4
•Ideal: pH 8-9 and CaCO3 50 mg/L
•Safe dosage to fish: 0.5 mg/L, Trout Sensitive at 0.14 mg/L
•Pesticide regulated by EPA under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide act (FIFRA)
Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate
Copper sulfate application
•Turns water greyish white, apply every 10-14 days•Tow bag or spray
Copper sulfate application
•Turns water greyish white, apply every 10-14 days•Tow bag or spray
Copper sulfate is used primarily to:
Copper sulfate is used primarily to:
des
troy
algae
pre
cipi
tate
cal
cium
c...
hel
p pr
even
t cor
rosi
on
lower
pH
25% 25%25%25%1. destroy algae
2. precipitate calcium carbonate
3. help prevent corrosion
4. lower pH
1. destroy algae
2. precipitate calcium carbonate
3. help prevent corrosion
4. lower pH
Potassium PermanganatePotassium Permanganate
Potassium Permanganate application
•Oxidizes iron which is needed for photosynthesis=plants die
•Tow bag or spray
•Strong Oxidizer
Potassium Permanganate application
•Oxidizes iron which is needed for photosynthesis=plants die
•Tow bag or spray
•Strong Oxidizer
In water treatment, potassium permanganate is used
primarily as:
In water treatment, potassium permanganate is used
primarily as:
An o
xidan
t
A d
isin
fect
ant
A tr
acin
g Age
nt
A c
orros
ion in
hibito
r
A c
oagul
ant
20% 20% 20%20%20%1. An oxidant
2. A disinfectant
3. A tracing Agent
4. A corrosion inhibitor
5. A coagulant
1. An oxidant
2. A disinfectant
3. A tracing Agent
4. A corrosion inhibitor
5. A coagulant
Powdered Activated CarbonPowdered Activated Carbon
Powdered Activated Carbon •Block sunlight thus no photosynthesis=plants die
Pond Covers
•Block sunlight
Powdered Activated Carbon •Block sunlight thus no photosynthesis=plants die
Pond Covers
•Block sunlight
CH 7 Disinfection OzoneCH 7 Disinfection Ozone
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 7 Disinfection OzoneOZONE FACT SHEET
WQT 131Water Works Operation III
Water Treatment
Chapter 7 Disinfection OzoneOZONE FACT SHEET
Water Treatment DisinfectantsWater Treatment Disinfectants Ozone Ozone
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)Factoids• Colorless gas (thunderstorm smell)• Greenhouse gas• Highly unstable• STRONGEST OXIDANT!!• Corrosive!
Factoids• Colorless gas (thunderstorm smell)• Greenhouse gas• Highly unstable• STRONGEST OXIDANT!!• Corrosive!
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)Water Industry• Discovered in 1783 Van Marcum• First Ozonator = 1857• Commercial Ozonator =1893• Widely used in Europe (France)• Start with air, oxygen, or even liquid oxygen
Water Industry• Discovered in 1783 Van Marcum• First Ozonator = 1857• Commercial Ozonator =1893• Widely used in Europe (France)• Start with air, oxygen, or even liquid oxygen
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)How is it produced?How is it produced?
•Start with air, oxygen, or even liquid oxygen
•The higher the purity of air/oxygen the better the quality of ozone!
•Low moisture and dry air
•Bubbled into a ozone contactor
•Start with air, oxygen, or even liquid oxygen
•The higher the purity of air/oxygen the better the quality of ozone!
•Low moisture and dry air
•Bubbled into a ozone contactor
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)How is it produced?How is it produced?
Liquid oxygen goes to oxygen gasLiquid oxygen goes to oxygen gas
oxygen gas gets ruptured by high volt arc into free oxygen radical which combines with oxygen gas to form ozone
oxygen gas gets ruptured by high volt arc into free oxygen radical which combines with oxygen gas to form ozone
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)How does it work?• Kills by oxidation
• reacts with components of cell wall: phospholipids
• Causes cell leakage and lysis of glycoprotein
• Breaks H bonds in DNA
How does it work?• Kills by oxidation
• reacts with components of cell wall: phospholipids
• Causes cell leakage and lysis of glycoprotein
• Breaks H bonds in DNA
Ozone ProductionOzone Production• Corona-discharge method is used at WRWTP. A 15,000 volt
arc ruptures the O2 into two free oxygen radicals.
• The oxygen atoms want to be stable so the atoms recombine into a combination of oxygen gas (90%) and ozone or O3 (10%).
• Ozone production is very energy intensive and creates a lot of heat.
• Calcium thiosulfate is added as a catalyst to decrease the half life of the ozone (to deozonate or remove it).
• Corona-discharge method is used at WRWTP. A 15,000 volt arc ruptures the O2 into two free oxygen radicals.
• The oxygen atoms want to be stable so the atoms recombine into a combination of oxygen gas (90%) and ozone or O3 (10%).
• Ozone production is very energy intensive and creates a lot of heat.
• Calcium thiosulfate is added as a catalyst to decrease the half life of the ozone (to deozonate or remove it).
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)Advantages
• No chemicals• No taste, color, or odor problems• Takes care of algae, organics, Fe, and Mn in water• No toxic residual!• Increases dissolved oxygen levels• No ammonia demand at pH > 9• Instantaneous disinfection= low contact time• No DBP or THM• Effective disinfection over wide range of pH and Temp
Advantages
• No chemicals• No taste, color, or odor problems• Takes care of algae, organics, Fe, and Mn in water• No toxic residual!• Increases dissolved oxygen levels• No ammonia demand at pH > 9• Instantaneous disinfection= low contact time• No DBP or THM• Effective disinfection over wide range of pH and Temp
Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3)
• Higher initial capitol cost then chlorine or UV!• Ozone exposure=serious hazard (0.1 mg/L work area)• On site generation• Some ozone byproducts (aldehydes and ketones)• Can react with bromide • No residual so you still need chlorine• Short half life• Corrosive (need calcium thiosulfate)• Equipment malfunctions• Lots of electricity• Short lived/no residual still may need chlorine
• Higher initial capitol cost then chlorine or UV!• Ozone exposure=serious hazard (0.1 mg/L work area)• On site generation• Some ozone byproducts (aldehydes and ketones)• Can react with bromide • No residual so you still need chlorine• Short half life• Corrosive (need calcium thiosulfate)• Equipment malfunctions• Lots of electricity• Short lived/no residual still may need chlorine
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Tonight's Lecture Objectives: To understand basic water
treatment processes and using ozone for disinfection has been
met?
Tonight's Lecture Objectives: To understand basic water
treatment processes and using ozone for disinfection has been
met?
Stro
ngly Agree
Agree
Neutra
l
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly Disa
gree
78%
22%
0%0%0%
1. Strongly Agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly Disagree
1. Strongly Agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly Disagree