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AMajor Project Presentation onDesign of Water Treatment Plant Department of Civil Engineering( 2011-2015 )Submitted To :Dr. Sheetal AgarwalHead of department Submitted By : Group No. :Dept. Of Civil Engineering1Distribution of Earth`s Water

Following Are The Reason's For Which Water Treatment is Required-To Remove The Turbidity From The Water

To Remove The Bacteria's From The Water

To Remove Acidity/Alkalinity

To Remove the T.D.S.To Remove Hardness From Water

Factors Considered in The Designing of Water treatment PlantPopulationPurposePer Capita Demand According To Living StandardPopulation ForecastingPopulation Forecasting Can Be Done By Following Three Method's-

Arithmetic MethodGeometric MethodIncremental Increase Method1. Arithmetic methodPn = P0+ nc Where, P0 = Initial population Pn = Population in dh decade n = No. of decades c = Average increase

YearPopulation Difference200123.23 lac-201136.02 lac12.79C=12.79P2021= 36.02 +(1 12.79) = 48.81 lac P2025 = 33.02 + (1.5 12.79) = 55.20 lac 2. Geometric Method Pn =Po (1+r/100)n Pn = Population in the dh decade Po = Population any decade r = Percentage increase N = No. of decade r = {(36.0223.23)/23.23} 100 =55.05% P2021= 36.02 {1+(55.05/100)} 1 = 55.83 lac P2025= 69.50 lac

3. Incremental Increase Method

Pn = Po + (r + i) nr = Average rate of increase in population per decade I = Average rate of incremental increase per decade Po = Population in any decade Pn = Population in n decadeP2021= p0+avg. increase per decade+ avg. incremental increase = 36.02+12.79 = 48.81 lac P2025= 48.81+ 12.79 = 61.6 lacBut On an avg. we take population 60 lac in accordance to JDA 2025 Master Plan For Urban Jaipur Steps Involved in TreatmentScreeningPre ChlorinationCoagulationFlocculationSedimentationFiltration by Slow Sand FilterPost ChlorinationFluorinationDisinfection

Water Treatment Process

The screens are used to remove rocks, sticks, leaves, and other debris.

All objects are removed by physical size separation - if they are small enough to pass through the holes in the screen, objects flow with the water into the treatment plant.

If the objects are too large to pass through the holes, then they are caught by the screen.

Screens should be angled ( 30 to 60 )for easy cleaning.

Screens on the outside of intakes are often cleaned by flushing water from the treatment plant backwards through the intake, knocking off any debris which has accumulated thereSurface waters contain fish and debris which can clog or damage pumps, clog pipes and cause problems in water treatment.Screening

Design ProcedureAssumption a. Manually cleaned screen b. Inclination of bars = 30c. Size of bars = 50 X 6 X 6 mm3d. Clear spacing between two bars = 10mm e. Flow velocity of normal screen = 800mm/sec = 0.8m/s (at peak flow) Design

Population = 7, 50,000 Avg. rate of water Supply = 135 l/p/d Avg. rate of water supply per day = 7, 50,000 X 135 = 101.25 MLD Avg. rate of water supply in cumecs ={7, 50,000 X 135/ 1000 X 24 X 60 X 60 }= 1.17 Cumec (D.W.F) Max. Flow = 3 X DWF = 3.51 Cumecs Or 3 X 101.25 = 303.75 MLD [303.75 X 106/1000 X 24 X 60 X 60] = 3.51 m3/sec. Now, Net submerged area of the screen =[3.51/0.8 ] = 4.4 m2

Submerged area of the screen = 4.4 X Sin 30 = 2.2 m2 Flow velocity in screen = {3.51/2.2} = 1.6 m/s Provide 40 bars = Cross width of screen chamber = 40 X 0.006 (Rod area) + 41 X 0.003 (Gap area) = .363 m Liquid depth = Submerged Screen Area/Cross Width of Screen Chamber = 2.2 /0.363 =6.06 m Providing free board = 0.25m Total depth = 6.06+0.025 = 6.085 m Now Slope Hydraulic mean depth (m) = Area /Wetted perimeter = {6.085 X .363 /(2 X 6.085) + 0.363} = 0.176 m Using mannings formula

1.6 = 1 0.6 X 0.1762/3 X i(1/3) i = 28.56

Coagulation Coagulants are: 1. Aluminum sulphate or alum 2. Sodium aluminates

Alum Dose Design criteria for alum dose = Alum required in particular season is given that

Monsoon = 50mg/l Winter = 20mg/l Summer = 05 mg/l Flocculation

Flocculationarises from induced velocity gradients in the liquid. Primary particles are induced to approach close enough together, make contact and progressively form larger or flocs. Rate of flocculationis governed by the velocity gradient applied. The degree or extent offlocculationis governed by both applied velocity gradients and time offlocculation

There are various ways to induce velocity gradients: baffled chambers; granular media beds; diffused air; spiral flow chambers; reciprocating blades and rotating blades.

Figure:-Flocculation basinFigure:-Blade Type FlocculatorSettling Tank

Designing of Settling Tank

Volume of water to be treated = 303.75 MLD Detention time = 240 min = 4hr. Velocity of flow = 20cm/min Length of tank = Velocity X Detention time = 0.2 X 240 = 48m Volume of water in 4 hr. ={303.75 X 106 X 4/ 1000 X 24} = 50,625 m3 Cross sect. canal area (A) = V/ L = 50,625/48 = 1054.69 m2 Assume depth = 3 m Width of tank = 1054.69/3 = 351.56 m Provide 1 m extra depth for waste storage & 0.5 m for free board Total depth = 3+1.5 = 4.5m Slow Sand Filter

DisinfectionWater disinfectionmeans the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. When microorganisms are not removed from drinkingwater, drinkingwaterusage will cause people to fall ill.

Methods Of Disinfection:-ChlorinationBy BolingBy adding Bromine and IodineBy OzoneBy U-V RaysBy Potassium Permangnate

Water ChlorinationWater chlorinationis the process of addingchlorine(Cl2) orhypochloritetowater.

This method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes intap wateras chlorine is highly toxic.

In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread ofwaterborne diseasessuch ascholera,dysentery,jaundice,typhoidetc.

Result

Clean drinking water

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