WATER

TEST REVIEW

What percent of our planet is water?

70%

What percent of the Earth’s water is fresh water?

3%

Where is most of the earth’s fresh water located?

Icebergs and glaciers

What is the number one use of water in our

homes?

Flushing toilets!

Why do scientists study

macroinvertebrates in water?

They can indicate the health of a stream

How many children die of diarrhea every

year?

1.5 million

How many gallons of water does the

average American use every day?

100 gallons

What is the largest watershed in the US?

The Mississippi River

Name the 2 main uses of water in the

US

Agriculture and industry

Where do most cities get their water?

From rivers and lakes

DEFINITIONSJeopardy sytle

A reservoir

What is an artificial lake created by a dam?

Water found in lakes, rivers and streams

What is surface water?

Process by which nutrients increase in a

lake, while oxygen levels decrease.

What is eutrophication?

An underground rock formation that

holds water

What is an aquifer?

highway construction, storm-water run-off

from streets, pesticides from yards and farms

What are examples of nonpoint pollution?

Process by which increasing amounts of toxins are stored in the bodies of organisms as toxins move up a food

chain

What is biological magnification?In order for a pollutant to biomagnify, the

following conditions must be met: The pollutant must be long-lived. The pollutant must be concentrated by the

producers. The pollutant must be fat-soluble

An area of land that is drained by a river.

What is a watershed? What is the largest watershed in the US?

The Mississippi River

An aquifer cannot recharge

What happens when too much water is removed from an aquifer?

This is what is happening to the Ogallala Aquifer in the midwest

Water is too warm for fish to tolerate and oxygen

levels decrease

What are some effects of thermal pollution?

Why was the Clean Water Act passed in

1972?

To protect water quality of surface and

ground water

List 2 facts about the Dead Zone in the Gulf

of Mexico.

Is an area of eutrophication Has few fish Is created by nitrates and phosphates from

agriculture flowing into the Mississippi River

How many different types of

water pollution can you name?

Phosphates Nitrates Heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium and Litter Pathogens Organic matter like plants, animals and feces Sedimentation Pesticides Thermal pollution pH from mines or acid rain (alkaline or acidic

water) Habitat modification

What waterborne disease is

affecting the population in

Haiti?

Cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the

bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Transmission is primarily through contaminated drinking

water or food. The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse diarrhea,

severe dehydration, abdominal pain, and fever. An untreated cholera patient may produce around 10 liters of

diarrheal fluid a day. As of Jan. 24th, the number of cholera cases in Haiti totalled

209,034 with over 4,000 deaths.

Why are swimming pools associated with so many

diseases?

So many people are concentrated in a small area

Lots of diaper and toddler-aged children Communal bathing

Give 3 advantages of a dam.

Can provide: hydroelectric power- clean energy Recreation areas Jobs Flood prevention Irrigation water for farmers Drinking water

Name 3 disadvantages of dams

Loss of jobs Fish species can die out because the water

flow is altered People may lose their homes and land Siltation Destruction of cultural sites Loss of water due to evaporation

Name as many waterborne diseases as you can

Cholera Typhoid Giardia E. coli Legionaire’s disease- Legionnaires' disease is a

type of pneumonia caused by bacteria. You usually get it by breathing in mist from water that contains the bacteria. The mist may come from hot tubs, showers or air-conditioning units for large buildings.

Cryptosporidiosis Amebiases Salmonellosis Shigella Hepatitis A- 3rd most common in US (inflammation

of the liver)

In July, 1976, at the Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, more than 4000 World War II Legionnaires, along with their families and friends, assembled to participate in the 58th American Legion's convention, about 600 of whom stayed at the hotel where the convention was hosted.

Reports of a strange illness began pouring in to the Pennsylvania (USA) Department of Health in late July 1976. By August 2, the department realized that all of the reports involved persons who had attended the American Legion's convention . Illness struck 221 persons in all, 72 of whom did not attend the convention but were in or near the hotel over the same period. 34 died.

Legionnaires’ disease is not rare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, has estimated that the disease infects 10,000 to 15,000 persons annually in the United States, but others have estimated as many as 100,000 annual cases.

What river in Ohio caught on fire?

The Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio in the

1880s – 1960s.

List 3 example of point source pollution

Septic tanks, storage lagoons for polluted waste

Landfills Underground storage tanks containing

pollutants such as gasoline.

A pollutant associated with detergents, fertilizers and residential wastewater is _____.

Phosphates

A pollutant associated with plant residue, sewage and fertilizers is _____.

Nitrates