WATER TEMPERATURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL STUDY …

WATER TEMPERATURE PREDICTIONAND CONTROL STUDY

UMPQUA RIVER BASIN

By

William H. Delay1

John Seaders2

Robert T. Evans3

STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARDSALEM, OREGONFebruary 1964

BOARD MEMBERS

GEORGE H. COREY, Chairman - PendletoriJOHN D. DAVIS, Vice Chairman - Stayton

LaSELLE E. COLES - PrinevilleLOUIS H. FOOTE - Forest GroveMRS. W. D. HAGENSTEIN - PortlandWILLIAM L. JESS - Eagle Point

KARL W. ONTHANK - Eugene

DONEL J. LANE, Executive SecretaryMALCOLM H. KARR, Chief Engineer

1 EvaluatIons Engineer, Oregon State Water Resources Board2 Civil Engineer, Deartment of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Public Health Service, Water Supply and Pollution Control, PNW3 Assistant Evaluations Engineer, Oregon State Water Resources Board

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The valuable contribution made to this study by the followingagencies, who supplied data and provided assistance, isgratefully acknowledged:

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers - Portland DistrictU. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Bureau of Sport

Fisheries and WildlifeU. S. Public Health Service - Department of Health,

Education and WelfareU. S. Geological SurveyU. S. Weather BureauOregon State Game CommissionFish Commission of OregonOregon State Sanitary AuthorityOregon State UniversityDouglas County Water Resources Advisory CommitteeDouglas County Water Resources Survey

The authors take this opportunity to acknowledge the outstand-ing contribution to water temperature studies made by MalcolmH. Karr, Chief Engineer of the State Water Resources Board,who, through sustained efforts, was instrumental in obtainingrecognition of the importance of temperature as a water qualityparameter, and in establishing temperature studies as an essen-tial step in water resource development studies in Oregon.His guidance and counsel during this particular study is alsogratefully acknowledged.

W.H.D.J.S.R.T.E.

Price $2.50

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

LIST OF TABLES iV

LIST OF FIGURES V

INTRODUCTION vii

SUMMARY viii

SECTION I - Theory 1

SECTION II - Method of Analysis

Streams 5

Reservoirs 7

SECTION III - Results and Conclusions

South Umpqua River 10

Cow Creek 22

Calapooya Creek 34

Umpqua River 39

111

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

I Stream miles below Tiller Reservoir held below70°F 10

2 Regulation of Tiller Reservoir for maintainingminimum stream temperatures under averagemeteorological conditions . 18

3 Regulation of Tiller Reservoir for maintaininglow reservoir temperatures under averagemeteorological conditions 19

4 Regulation of Tiller Reservoir for maintaininghigh reservoir holdover under average mete-orological conditions 20

Regulation of Tiller Reservoir for maintainingdesirable stream temperatures during maximumtemperature year (1958) 21

Stream miles below Galesville Reservoir heldbelow 70° F 22

7 Regulation of Galesville Reservoir for main-taining minimum stream temperatures underaverage meteorological conditions 30

Regulation of Galesville Reservoir for main-taining low reservoir temperatures underaverage meteorological conditions 31

9 Regulation of Galesville Reservoir for main-taining high reservoir holdover under averagemeteorological conditions 32

10 Regulation of Galesville Reservoir for main-taining minimum stream temperatures duringmaximum temperature year (1958) 33

11 Stream miles below Hinkle Reservoir held belo'v70°F 34

12 Regulation of Hinkle Reservoir for maintaininghigh reservoir holdover under average mete-orological conditions 38

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

F IGURE PAGE

I Maximum temperatures of South Umpqua River forJunel-lO 11

2 Maximum temperatures of South Umpqua River forJulyl -10 12

3 Maximum temperatures of South Umpqua River forAugust 1 - 10 13

4 Maximum temperatures of South Umpqua River forSeptember 1 - 10 14

5 Maximum temperatures of South Umpqua River forOctober 1 - 10 . . . 15

6 Capacity and surface area of proposed TillerReservoir 16

7 Temperature distribution in Tiller Reservoirfor minimum stream temperature regulation. . 18

8 Temperature distribution in Tiller Reservoirfor low reservoir temperature regulation . . 19

9 Temperature distribution in Tiller Reservoirfor high reservoir holdover regulation . . . 20

10 Temperature distribution in Tiller Reservoirfor maximum temperature year 21.

11 Maximum temperatures of Cow Creek for June1-10 23

12 Maximum temperatures of Cow Creek for July1-10 24

13 Maximum temperatures of Cow Creek for August1-10 25

14 Maximum temperatures of Cow Creek for September1-10 26

15 Maximum temperatures of Cow Creek for October1-b 27

LIST OF F IGURES

FIGURE PAGE

16 Capacity and surface area of proposed GalesvilleReservoir 28

17 Temperature distribution in Galesville Reservoirfor minimum stream temperature regulation. . . 30

18 Temperature distribution in Galesville Reservoirfor low reservoir temperature regulation . . . 31

19 Temperature distribution in Galesville Reservoirfor high reservoir holdover regulation . . . 32

20 Temperature distribution in Galesville Reservoirfor maximum temperature year 33

21 Maximum temperatures of Calapooya Creek for Juneand July 1 - 10 35

22 Maximum temperatures of Calapooya Creek forAugust and September 1 - 10 36

23 Capacity and surface area of proposed HinkleReservoir. . .

. 37

24 Temperature distribution in Hinkle Reservoirfor high reservoir holdover regulation . . . . 38

25 Maximum temperatures of Umpqua River for June1-10 . . 40

26 Maximum temperatures of Umpqua River for July1-10 41

27 Maximum temperatures of Umpqua River for August1-10 42

28 Maximum temperatures of Umpqua River forSeptember 1 - 10 43

29 Maximum temperatures of Umpqua River forOctober 1 - 10 44

PLATE

1 Umpqua River Basin Map ........following 44

vi

INTRODUCT ION

In response to requests by a number of federaland stateagencies the State Water Resources Board on October 31,1962, agreed to and initiated a study on the Umpqua Riverfor the purpose of determining the capabilities of certainproposed reservoirs for controlling downstream temperatures.The reservoirs in question, located on South Umpqua River,Cow Creek and Calapooya Creek, are currently being studiedby the U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, as part of a compre-hensive study for the development of the water resourcesof the Umpqua River Basin.

The background of the temperature study, methodology adoptedand agencies participating in the project were described inthe State Water Resources Board publication of February 1963,entitled: "Organization for Water Temperature Prediction andControl Study - Umpqua River Basin". A second report wasissued by the board in June 1963 entitled: "PreliminaryReport on Water Temperature Prediction and Control Study -Umpqua River Basin". It described the energy-budget methodas used for temperature determinations and disclosed interimresults of the study which was in progress.

The temperature study has since been completed and the pre-sent, and final, report gives the results of all evaluationsundertaken to determine reservoir behavior and stream tem-perature levels for selected reservoir regulations. In orderto make the present report self-contained, certain materialon the energy-budget methodology and data collection, con-tained in the earlier reports, is being repeated.

vii

SUMMARY

Tiller Reservoir

In an average year the reservoir is capable of holdingwater temperatures in South Umpqua River below 70° F.for a wide range of regulation schedules. In a year ofmaximum temperature, it will also hold temperaturesbelow 700 F. but flexibility of operation will be re-stricted. Regulations designed to control water tem-peratures in South Umpqua River will have no significantinfluence on water temperatures in the main stem of theUmpqua River because of the large volume contributedby the unregulated North Umpqua River.

Galesville Reservoir

The reservoir has the capability to hold water tempera-tures in Cow Creek below 70° F. in an average yearprovided nearly the entire storage capacity is regu-lated for temperature control. In a year of maximumtemperature, only about one-half of the length of CowCreek below the reservoir can be held below 70° F.for the entire summer.

Hinkle Reservoir

The reservoir is capable of holding water temperaturesin Calapooya Creek below 70° F. for all meteorologicalconditions. Substantial flexibility of reservoir regu-lation will be available in average years.

viii

SECTION 1 - THEORY

The energy-budget equation formed the basis of reservoirand stream temperature determinations in the Umpqua Riverstudy. Methodology was basically the same as that employedby McAlister1 on the Rogue River and by Raphael2 on riversin California and Washington. The Umpqua study differed insome respects from previous stream temperature studies inthat it utilized more accurate basic data, particularly withrespect to stream travel time, and also improved computa-tional procedures, including development of digital computertechniques.

Temperature analysis by this method involves the identifica-tion and evaluation of the energy exchange processes betweena body of water and its environment. All items of energygain and energy loss are combined into a single algebraicexpression called the energy-budget equation. Solution ofthe equation for a given set of conditions gives the valueof the change in energy of the water and hence its changein temperature.

The modified energy-budget equation, as used for lakes andstreams, states that for a given interval of time:

Qg Qs - Qb Qe - Qh Qa

where = net change in energy in the body of water

Q5 = net incoming solar radiation

Qb = effective back radiation from the water surface

energy loss due to evaporation

Qh = energy loss by conduction of sensible heatfrom water to air

= energyadvected into the water by tributarystreams, precipitation, etc.

1 Rogue River B8sin Sludy by W. Bruce McAlister, Water Research Associates, Corvallis, Oregon,1961.

2 Prediction of Temeratures in Rivers ath Reservoirs by Jerome M. Bapheel, Journal of the PowerDivision, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, July 1962.

I

Methods developed from the Lake Heffner3 study were usedin determining quantities of energy involved in each of theterms of the energy-budget equation. The methods and theirdata needs are as follows:

Qs - Net Solar Radiation

In the absence of observed values, solar radiationfor the Umpqua Basin was taken from radiation mapsprepared after Sternes4. Average daily radiationvalues for each of the summer months were obtainedfor Roseburg, which being centrally located in thebasin was regarded as representative of basinconditions. These values were then adjusted forobserved values available for Medford, the nearestrecording solar radiation station to the basin.Average daily values, corrected for reflected radi-ation were computed for ten-day periods. One-halfof the daily radiation was assumed to occur between0700 and 1200 hours and the other between 1200 and1700 hours.

To compute reflected radiation, it was necessaryto obtain values for solar altitude and cloud cover.The lattei was also needed for evaluating some ofthe other energy exchange processes. Mean solaraltitude was determined for each ten-day period fromdeclination values taken from the solar ephemerisadjusted for the latitude at Roseburg. Daily alti-tude was obtained by multiplying the mean altitudeby 0.75. Mean sky cover at Roseburg was obtainedfrom Weather Bureau records, which gave the informa-tion in tenths of sky covered for the periods be-tween sunrise and sunset. These values were assumedto hold for the period from midnight to midnight.Values were averaged for ten-day periods.

Effective Back Radiation

Energy removed from the water by this process wasdetermined by the equation:

= 0.97o (i -

where Qb = effective back radiation

3 Water Loss Investigations Lake Heffner Studies, Technical Report, Geological SurveyProfessional Paper 269, 1954.

4 Oregon Sunshine by G. Sternes, U. S. Weather Bureau, Letter Supplement 5925, 1959.

2

Stefan-Boltzmann constant

absolute temperature of water

atmospheric radiation factor

absolute temperature of air

o = time in hours

The equation combined in a single expression theatmospheric radiation received on the water surfaceand radiation emitted by the water. Values for Twwere obtained by trial-and-error when the equationwas applied to streams. For reservoirs, T wasassumed to approximate the temperature of a streamunder equilibrium conditions. Atmospheric radiationfactor i3 was determined for sky cover and vapor pres-sure conditions at Roseburg according to the methoddeveloped for Lake Heffner. Weather Bureau recordsprovided sky cover, vapor pressure and air temperaturedata.

C. Qe - Energy Loss Due to Evaporation

The following empirical equation, which was found toagree with data collected at Lake Heffner, was usedfor determining energy loss due to evaporation fromreservoirs:

= 0.34 U(ew - ea)O

where Qe = energy loss in BTU/ft2

U = wind speed in miles per hour

e = vapor pressure of water in saturated airat the temperature of the water surface inmilibars

ea = vapor pressure of water in air

0 time in hours

The equation was modified for application to streamsby changing the coefficient from 0.34 to 0.57, thusmaking allowance for the higher rate of evaporationfrom streams than that from reservoirs. The equa-tion also gave the energy gain due to condensation.

a. =

Tw

=

Ta =

Vapor pressure and wind speed were obtained forRoseburg from Weather Bureau records. Values fore were computed with the aid of physical tables.

Qh - Energy Transfer Due to Conduction.

Energy transferred by conduction between the watersurface and the air was computed with the aid ofthe equation:

= 0.138 U(ta - t)O

where Qh = energy transferred by conduction in BTU/ft2

U = wind speed in miles per hour

ta = temperature of air in degrees Fahrenheit

t temperature of water in degrees Fahrenheit

8 = time in hours

This equation combines the expression for energyloss by evaporation and the Bowen Ration.whichestablished a elationship between energy lostthrough evaporation and that lost through transferof sensible heat. Values for wind speed and airtemperature were obtained from Weather Bureaurecords while water temperatures were estimated.The constant 0.138 allowed for barometric pressureof 29.5 inches of mercury which was assumed to berepresentative of average summer conditions.

Qe - Advected Energy

This term identifies energy transfer to and fromreservoirs and streams caused by inflow and outflow,groundwater seepage, direct precipitation and otherfactors. Energy advected by inflow and outflow wascomputed on the basis of recorded and estimateddischarge rates and temperatures. Effects of ground-water seepage, precipitation, etc., were not consi-dered of sufficient significance to be included inthe evaluations.

SECTION II - METHOD OF ANALYSIS

1. Streams

Temperature predictions were made for all streams subjectto regulation by the proposed reservoirs. Streams affected,which are indicated on Plate 1, include South Umpqua Riverbelow Tiller, Cow Creek below Galesville, Calapooya Creekbelow Hinkle Creek and the main stem of the Umpqua Riverabove Elkton. Temperatures were determined for reservoirrelease rates and release temperatures consistent withreservoir capabilities. They were made for the months ofJune through October for average meteorological conditionsoccurring during the first ten days of each month. Exceptfor June, these periods coincide with periods of maximumtemperature for average meteorological conditions. Maxi-mum temperatures in June normally occur during the lastten days of the month. Computed temperatures were usedas a basis for estimating temperature values for otherperiods in the months considered.

Stream temperature for each reservoir release conditionwas determined with respect to that parcel of water sub-ject to maximum solar radiation. The highest temperaturelevels in the stream were therefore obtained for the var-ious reservoir release conditions. Computations were madefor 0700, 1200, 1700 and 2400 hours of each day for theentire period during which the parcels of water remainedin the streams All computations were carried out withthe aid of a digital computer program5 developed for thispurpose by the Civil Engineering Department of OregonState University. Curves of maximum temperature vs.stream mile were then developed for the various releaseconditions.

Of the extensive array of data needed for the temperaturedeterminations, one of the most important was that oftravel time. Special field exercises were undertaken toobtain this data. Cooperating agencies supplied personnelfor these studies while the U. S Geological. Survey pro-vided the direction and much of the equipment. Time oftravel was determined for three discharge values for allstreams with the exception of Calapooya Creek where only

5 Stream Temperature Prediction by Digital Computer Tedhniues by Oran L. Albertson, at al.,Oregon State University.

one determination was made. Discharge values were se-lected, as far as possible, to represent the range ofreservoir releases adopted for the study. Travel timewas measured with the aid of a tracer technique. A fluo-rescent dye, Rhodamine-B, was introduced into a streamat a known time and point and the time taken by the dye toreach downstream points was observed. Sampling at thesepoints was performed with a fluorometer. Stream dischargewas measured simultaneously and travel time determinationsrelated to discharge for each stream reach. Curves werethen prepared, for each stream, of travel time vs. rivermile for each discharge value adopted.

Information was also needed on stream widths and changesin these widths with changes in discharge. Stream widthsfor the South Umpqua River and the main stem of the UmpquaRiver were obtained by measurement from aerial photographs.Available photographs permitted width measurements for eachstream mile for two or more discharge values. Curves ofwidth vs. discharge were then plotted for each stream mileto cover the range of discharge rates attainable by reser-voir regulation. For Cow Creek, only one set of aerialphotographs were available and stream width curves developedwere therefore partly based on judgment. No photographswere available for Calapooya Creek and width curves forthat stream were based on limited field observations.

While the Umpqua study was in progress, the participatingagencies undertook a special verification study on the CoastFork Willamette River. The purpose of this study was todetermine the reliability of methodology adopted for tempera-ture analysis on the Umpqua River. The Willamette Coast Forkwas selected for this purpose because the flow could becarefully regulated with existing storage structures, thuscreating conditions comparable to those that would existif the proposed dams in the Umpqua Basin were constructed.

Time available for meeting the deadline set for this reportdid not permit completion of the evaluation of the resultsof the verification study at the same time. Preliminaryevaluations of data gathered on the verification studydemonstrated the reliability of the method, at least forthe meteorological and other conditions experienced duringthe study. They indicated, however, that computed tempera-tures tended to be slightly higher than observed values fora 24-hour cycle. This tendency was also evident in com-parisons of computed and observed temperatures in theUmpqua Basin. Stream temperature predictions made in thisreport are therefore regarded as conservative and controlof temperatures provided by reservoirs in actual operationmay be even greater than indicated herein.

The difference between computed and observed temperatures,cited above, is attributed to the lack of precision inthe available methods of determining evaporation fromswift flowing streams. This is the subject of more de-tailed research proposed to be carried out at OregonState University in cooperation with the State WaterResources Board.

Further evaluations of the results of the verificationstudy are necessary before all needed refinements intechniques are fully identified.

It is anticipated that a technical paper giving a detailedanalysis of the techniques and methodology utilized in theUmpqua study, including knowledge contributed by the veri-fication study, will be published by the Water ResourcesBoard at a later date.

2. Reservoirs

The proposed reservoirs, locations of which are shown onPlate 1, are relatively deep, depths at full pool beingabout 380, 210 and 220 feet respectively for Tiller,Galesville and Hinkle Reservoirs. Their regulation willcall for minimum pools in the fall to provide storagespace for flood control. They will be filled duringwinter and spring, the period of minimum stream tempera-ture. During the summer they will be drafted, releasesbeing made from selected elevations to maintain waterquality, chiefly with respect to temperature.

In evaluating reservoir temperatures for the summermonths,, several assumptions had to be made, principallybecause of inadequate knowledge of the thermal behaviorof deep reservoirs operated for stream temperature con-trol. At the beginning of April, each reservoir wasassumed to be at constant temperature throughout itsdepth, with the exception of the surface layer. FromApril onwards, temperature gradients were assumed tooccur, the gradients changing with time due to energyexchange processes across the water surfaces and ad-vected energy caused by inflow and releases. Tempera-ture gradients were assumed to be the same at any verticalsection in a reservoir at any one time. Surface layerswere generally assumed to be at temperatures approximatingthose of a stream which had reached equilibrium tempera-tures for identical meteorological conditions. Cow Creekat Riddle was assumed to satisfy these conditions andreservoir surface temperatures were therefore based, formost summer months, on thermograph records for thisstation.

7

The change in reservoir energy was computed for eachmonth from April through October for each reservoirregulation schedule. This energy change was then dis-tributed throughout the reservoir, taking into accountthe quantity and temperature of water released, so thatthe resulting temperature gradients followed the patternof those observed in existing reservoirs in western Oregon.

Based on these energy distributions, curves were developedfor each regulation schedule giving the average monthlytemperature at any elevation in the reservoir. The curvesindicated not only the predicted thermal changes withinthe reservoir for each regulation schedule, but also thecapability of the reservoir to meet the requirements ofthe particular regulation schedule.

Preliminary evaluations indicated differences in capa-bilities of the reservoirs and in susceptibility of thestream to reservoir control. It was therefore evidentthat each stream will be held at a different temperaturelevel when subject to the maximum control available. Itwas desirable to adopt, as a common upper limit, a tern-perature level attainable in the majority of streams.A temperature of 700 F. was found to be a suitablelimiting value. In the reservoir regulations studied,stream temperatures were maintained below 70° F.Exceptions to this rule were the regulations aimed atminimum stream temperatures. It should be noted thatfor all regulations, limiting temperature values occurin the lower reaches of the streams.

Performance of Tiller and Galesville Reservoirs werestudied for four regulation schedules, three of whichwere for average meteorological conditions, while thefourth was for the maximum temperature year, 1958. Dueto limited reservoir capability in the maximum tempera-ture year, this regulation had the single purpose ofholding downstream temperatures below 70° F. For theaverage meteorological conditions, reservoir capabili-ties were expected to extend beyond that needed solelyfor stream temperature control. These three regulationstherefore attempted to determine the limits of thesecapabilities under these average conditions.

The first of the three regulations under average meteoro-logical conditions aimed at keeping stream temperaturesat a minimum, the entire storage being used for down-stream control. The aim of the second regulation wasto keep reservoir temperatures as low as possible whilekeeping downstream temperatures below 70° F. This

regulation provides information on the optimum thermalenvironment that can be maintained in the reservoirswhile also providing for adequate downstream control.Such information is necessary for determining reservoircapabilities to support desirable species of fish life.In this regard, it should be noted that the assumptionpreviously referred to of constant temperature gradientsat all points of a reservoir at any one time may notapply to reservoirs which are irregular in plan. Insuch reservoirs, higher average temperatures may prevailin the long narrow "arms'T than in the main body of thereservoir. The third regulation under average meteoro-logical conditions attempted to maintain downstreamtemperatures below 7Q0 F. while conserving stored waterto provide a large holdover storage.

Hinkle and Galesville Reservoirs have similar physicalcharacteristics and consequently the thermal behavior ofone will closely approximate that of the other, for simi-lar regulation schedules. Performance of GalesvilleReservoir was therefore taken as indicative of thermalcapability of Hinkle Reservoir. However, one regulationwas performed on Hinkle Reservoir for the purpose ofdetermining the maximum holdover storage consistent withdownstream temperature control.

9

SECTION III - RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

1. South Umpqua River

Temperatures for the South Umpqua River below Tiller weredetermined for release rates of 1600, 1200 and 700 cfs atrelease temperatures of 400, 500 and 60° Fahrenheit.Resulting curves of maximum temperature vs. stream mile forthe months of June through October are given in Figures 1through 5. They show that for July, the month of criticaltemperature, stream temperature levels in the entire streamwill be held below 70° F. for reservoir releases of 1200and 1600 cfs at temperatures of 500 F. or less.

These graphs also indicate the lengths of stream belowTiller Reservoir that will be held at temperatures of less

than 70° F. for thevarious releases. Atabulation of thisdata is given inTable 1.

The proposed TillerDam, as shown onPlate 1, is locatednear stream mile 77on the South UmpquaRiver. At full poolelevation, the reser-voir will have a depthof 380 feet and astorage capacity of450,000 acre-feet.Area-capacity curvesare shown on Figure 6.Average annual yieldat the damsite, basedon 20 years of gaging

records, is about 735,000 acre-feet. The minimum recordedannual yield, for water year 1941, was 394,000 acre-feet.

All regulations assumed a full pool at the beginning ofJune. This condition will be satisfied for most years with-out the use of holdover storage. With such storage, a fullpool at the beginning of summer may be attainable even ina critical year. Performance of the reservoir was studiedfor four regulation schedules, as already described, forrelease rates of 700, 1200 and 1600 cfs.

TABLE 1

SOUTH U1UA RI1STREAM MIlES BEWW TILlER RESERVOTR

HELD BEIØvV 700 P

Entire length of stream below Tiller Reseruoir.

10

RELEASERATE

Cfs

R1EASE

O'

RELEASE PERIOD

JUNE1-10

JULY1-10

AUG.1-10

SEPT1-10

(XJT.1-10

1600 40 77 77 77 77 7750 77 77 77 77 7760 77 54 77 77 77

1200 40 77 77 77 77 7750 77 77 77 77 7760 77 27 77 77 77

700 40 77 73 77 77 7750 77 54 77 77 7760 37 20 30 77 77

50

40

80

70

60

80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

SOUTH UMPQUA RIVERJune I-tO

1600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

i-I

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0STREAM MILE

FIGURE 1. Maximum stream temperatures for iniicated releases from Tiller Reservoir.

L&

0

80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

SOUTH UMPQUA RIVERJuly 1-10

1600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

12

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 2. Maximum stream temperatures for loijicateci releases from Tiller Reservoir.

80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

SOUTH UMPQUA RIVERAug.I-IO

1600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

13

4080 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

STREAM MILE

FI3 3. Maximum stream temperatures for indicated. releases from Tiller Reservoir.

U-0

80

70

60

50

40

z80

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

SOUTH UMPQUA RIVERSept. 1-10

1600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 4. MaxImum stream temperatures for indicated releases from Tiller Reservoir.

14

I080 70 60 50 40 30 20

80

80

70

60

50

40

70

60

50

40

80

70

60

50

40

SOUTH UMPQUA RIVEROct. I-JO

1600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

15

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0

STREAM MILE

FIGU} 5. Maximum stream temperatures for inâicate& releases from Tiller Reservoir.

w-jw

701450

1400

1300

1200

1100

10000

TILLER RESERVOIR

ct

-vp

PIGUR 6. Capacity and surface area of proposed Tiller Reservoir on the South Unpqua River.

SURFACE AREA IN HUNDREDS OF ACRES60 50 40 30 20 I0

100 200 300 400. 500 600 700

STORAGE IN THOUSANDS OF ACRE FEET

Details pertaining to the first regulation, to maintainminimum stream temperatures, are given in Table 2 andthe corresponding reservoir temperatures are illustratedin Figure 7. The maximum release rate of 1600 cfs wasadopted for the entire period from June through October.This analysis indicated that the reservoir was capableof supplying 50° F. water in June and July, 55° F. waterin August and September and 600 F. water in October. Forthese releases, stream temperature analyses indicatedtemperatures in South Umpqua River of 68° F. or less,under average meteorological conditions. Average reser-voir temperatures, for this regulation, rose from 52° F.in June to about 60° F. in September. All but 29,000acre-feet of reservoir capacity was used for downstreamtemperature suppression.

Details of the second regulation, for low reservoir tem-peratures under average meteorological conditions, aregiven in Table 3 and Figure 8. Two release rates wereused, 1600 cfs for June and 1200 cfs for July throughOctober. Average reservoir temperature reached a maxi-mum of about 52° F. in August. Maximum temperaturebelow the surface layer reached 58° F. in August. Aresidual storage of 127,000 acre-feet was left in thereservoir at the end of October.

Table 4 gives details of the third regulation, to main-tain maximum holdover storage, and corresponding reser-voir temperatures are shown in Figure 9. Minimum releaserates were used, consistent with downstream temperaturecontrol. Releases of 1200 cfs were used for June andJuly and 700 cfs for August through October. At the endof the regulation, about 242,000 acre-feet remained instorage, more than one-half of total reservoir capacity.

Details of the regulation to maintain downstream tempera-tures below 70° F. during the maximum temperature year,1958, are given in Table 5. Figure 10 shows reservoirtemperatures for the same year. Using a releaserate of1600 cfs for the entire regulation, the reservoir wascapable of providing release temperatures adequate tomaintain downstream temperatures below 70° F. Averagereservoir temperature, however, rose to nearly 63° F.while only 29,000 acre-feet of storage remained unusedat the end of the regulation.

Results of the four regulations indicate that TillerReservoir has more than adequate capability to maintaintemperatures in South Umpqua River below 70° F. for allmeteorological conditions that can be foreseen.

17

$400

$300

$200

$100

$000

TABLE 2

REGULATION OF TILLER RESERVOIR tR MAINTAINING MINIMUM STREAM 'ITMPERATUBES

UNDER AVERA PEDIOIOGICAL CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE IN °F

18

MONTH INITIALPES.

V0LTv

Ac. Ft.

INITIALRES.

TEMP.

°F

INPLXW

Ac. Ft.

IN?IiYTEMP.

°F

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. UJS

RELEASETEMP.

°F

TJiMP.GAlE

°F

FINALRES.

VOLUME

Ac. Ft.

FINALRES.

TEMP.

0

APRIL 390,800 42.0 86,500 45.0 27,300 460 46.0 3.2 460,000 45.2

MAY 450,000 46.2 63,600 49.5 63,600 1030 53.0 4.0 450,000 49.2

JUNE 450,000 49.2 30,700 59.5 95,200 1600 50.0 3.0 385,600 52.2

JULY 385,500 52.2 10,200 72.0 98,400 1600 50.0 2.9 297,300 55.1

AUG. 297,300 55.1 4,700 68.5 98,400 1500 55.0 2.1 203,600 57.2

SEPT. 203,600 57.2 4,900 61.0 96,200 1600 55.0 2.7 113,300 59.9

(XJT. 113,300 59.9 14,500 49.5 98,400 1600 60.0 -5.5 29,400 53.4

APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

FIGURE 7. Monthly temperature distribution for the regulation shown in Table 2.

(LI>0

z

-J1300

I-w

1200

1100

1000APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

FIGURE 8. Monthly tempersture distribution for the reguletion shown in Teble 3.

19

TABLE 3

REGULATION OF TILLER RFSEEZVOIR EOR MAINTAINING LOW RESERVOIR TPERATURE}3

UNDER AVERAGE METBDFOIOGIGAL CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE IN °F1400

MONTH INITIALDES

VOIXJME

Ac. Ft.

INITIALHES

T1MP.

°F

INRLØW

Ac. Ft.

INEWWUNvIP.

°F

RElEASE

Ac. Ft. (

RElEASETEMP.

°F

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALDES

VOLUME

Ac. Ft.

FINALDES.

TEMP.

°F

APRIL 390,800 42.0 86,500 45.0 27,300 450 46.0 3.2 450,000 45.2

MAY 450,000 45.2 63,600 49.5 53,500 1030 53.0 4.0 450,000 49.2

JUNE 450,000 49.2 30,700 59.5 95,200 1600 60.0 0.4 385,500 49.6

JULY 385,500 49.6 10,200 72.0 73,800 1200 50.0 1.9 321,900 51.5

AUG. 321,900 51.5 4,700 68.6 73,800 1200 55.0 0.8 252,800 52.3

SEPT. 252,800 52.3 4,900 61.0 71,400 1200 60.0 -2.4 186,300 49.9

OCT. 186,300 49.9 14,500 49.5 73,800 1200 65.0 -3.8 127,000 45.1

1400

1300

Ui>0In

I-Ui

1200

z

1100

1000

REGULATION OF TILLER RESERVOIR LOR MAINTAINING HII RESERVOIR HOLDOVER

UNDER AVERAGE vTI]!XJIOIQGICIL CONDITIONS

TABLE 4

TEMPERATURE IN

20

MONTH INITIALRES.

VOLUE

Ac. Ft.

INITL4LRES.

TEvIP.

°F

flYLLW

Ac. Ft.

INYLØWTI!MP.

°F

R11EASE

Ac. Ft. CJ$

RELEASETf!MP.

°F

flMP.GAIN

°F

FINALRES.

VDIU

Ac. Ft.

FINALRES.

TEMP.

°F

APRIL 390,800 42.0 86,500 45.0 27,300 460 46.0 3.2 450,000 45.2

MAY 450,000 45.2 63,600 49.5 63,600 1030 53.0 4.0 450,000 49.2

JUNE 450,000 49.2 30,700 59.5 71,400 1200 60.0 1.1 409,300 50.3

JULY 409,300 50.3 10,200 72.0 73,800 1200 50.0 2.1 345,700 52.4

AUG. 345,700 52.4 4,700 68.5 43,000 700 55.0 1.3 307,400 53.7

SEPT. 307,400 53.7 4,900 61.0 41,700 700 55.0 0.2 270,600 53.9

OCT. 270,600 53.9 14,500 49.5 43,000 700 60.0 -2.0 - 242,100 51.9


FIGURE 9. Monthly teurperature distribution for the reguistion shown in Table 4.

z

1400

1100

TABLE 5

REGULATION OF TILLER RESERVOIR FOR MPJNTAINING DESIRABLE STREAMTEMPERATURES

DURING MAXIMUM T1MPERATUDE YEAR (1958)

TEMPERATURE IN °F

21

FIGURE 10. Monthly temperature distribution for the regulation shcmn in Table 6.

MONTH INITIALDES.

VOLUt

Ac. Ft.

INITIAL -DES.

TEMP.

°F

INFlOW -

Ac. Ft.

INFlOWTEMP.

°F

RELEASE

Ac. (

RELEASETEMP.

O'

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALDES.

VOLUME

Ac. Ft.

FINALDES.

TI!MP.

°F

APRIL 390,800 42.0 86,500 45.0 27,300 460 48.0 3.7 450,000 45.7

MA! 450,000 45.7 63,500 49.5 63,600 1030 60.0 4.9 450,000 50.6

JUDE 450,000 50.6 30,700 59.5 95,200 1600 58.0 3.0 386,500 63.6

JULY 385,500 53.6 10,200 72.0 98,400 1600 55.0 4.3 297,300 57.9

AUG. 297,300 57.9 4,700 68.5 98,400 1600 58.0 4.1 203,600 62.0

SEPT. 203,600 62.0 4,900 61.0 95,200 1500 62.0 0.6 113,300 62.6

OCT. 113,300 62.6 14,500 49.5 98,400 1500 63.0 -6.2 29,400 56.4

1000APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

Temperatures of 68° F. are indicated for the regulationdesigned to keep stream temperatures at a minimum. Inaverage years a substantial part of the storage will beavailable for other purposes which cannot be served bywater regulated for temperature control. Average reser-voir temperatures can be maintained within tolerablelimits for desirable species of fish life. TillerReservoir has little influence, as will be shown later,over temperatures in the main stem of the Umpqua River.

2. Cow Creek

Stream temperatures were computed for reservoir releaserates of 300, 200 and 100 cfs at release temperaturesof 50° and 60° F. No computations were made for 40° F.releases because significant quantities of water at thistemperature were not available, according to reservoiranalyses.

Two sets of temperature computations were performed, onebased on the stream width curves, referred to previously,and the other based on the assumption that stream widthsremained relatively constant within the range of discharge

values. The lattercomputations pro-vided a check andwhere necessary, ameans of adjustmentof temperatures com-puted on the basisof stream widthcurves. These curves,as previously de-scribed, were basedpartly on judgment,and were thus subjectto inaccuracies.Using both sets ofcomputations, curvesof maximum tempera-ture vs. stream milewere developed forthe various releaseconditions and aregiven in Figures11 through 15.

TABLE 6

CW CREEKSTREAM MILBE BEIDA GALESVULERESERVOIR HEUD BEWW 700 p

* Entire length of stream below Gelesville Reservoir.

These figures indicate that, for most of the releases,peak temperatures in the lower reaches of Cow Creek willexceed 70° F. Table 6 gives, for average meteorological

22

RELEASE RELEASE RELEASE PERIOD

JUNE JULY AUC. SEPT. OCT.Cfs 1-10 110 1.10 1.10 1.10

300 50 61* 61 61 61 6160 61 23 61 61 61

200 50 61 40 61 61 6160 23 14 22 34 61

100 50 21 19 21 30 6160 10 8 10 24 81

U.0

2

80

70

60

50

50

4

70

60

50

COW CREEKJune 1-10

300 CFS

200 CFS

too CFS80

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

STREAM MILE

PIGU 11. iv1axmm stre8m temperatures for 1ndicate releases from Gelesville Reservoir.

23

80

70

60

80w

I-< 70

w'3-

wI-

50

4

90

80

70

60

COW CREEKJuly I-tO300 CFS

200 CFS

100 CFS

5070 60 50 40 30 20 10

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 12. Maximum stream temperatures for indicated releases from Gelesville Reservoir.

24

0

z

80

70

60

50

U-0

z80

70

60

50

><

80

70

60

COW CREEKAug. 1-10

300 CFS

200 CFS

100 CFS

5070 60 50 40 30 20 10

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 13. Mximujn streem temperetures for inilicated releases from Geiesville Reservoir.

25

80

70

60

COW CREEKSept. 1-10

300 CFS

100 CFS

5070 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 14. Maximum stream temperatures for irsilcated releases from Gelesville Reservoir.

26

80

70

60

50

U-0

z80

<w

70

0

w 6I-

0

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

COW CREEKOct. -IO

300 CFS

1

100 CFS

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 15. Maximum stream temperatures for indicated, releases from Gelesyille Reservoir.

27

w 1900>0

I-IiiwL. 1850

z

1950

w-JLU 1800

-J000.

1750

510

GALESVILLE RESERVOIRSURFACE

16 14 12

20 40 60

STORAGE

FIJPE 16. Caecity and. surface are of proposecl Calesville Reser-oir on Cow Creek.

0AREA IN HUNDREDS OF ACRES

10 8 6

'p

-q

80 100 120 140 160

IN THOUSANDS OF ACRE FEET

conditions, the length of stream below the dam in whichtemperatures can be held below 700 F. for each reservoirrelease condition.

The proposed Galesville Dam is located on Cow Creek nearstream mile 61. Area-capacity curves, Figure 16, show acapacity of 75,000 acre-feet at the full pool depth of210 feet. Average yield at the damsite, based on 32 yearsof gaging records, is 76,000 acre-feet. The minimum annualyield recorded, for the 1931 water year, was 21,000 acre-feet.

In all four regulations the reservoir was assumed to be atfull pool at the beginning of June. This condition willnot occur in certain low yield years. With the use ofholdover storage, however, a full or nearly full reservoirmay be attainable for most years. Release rates rangingfrom 100 cfs to 300 cfs were used in the regulations.

Details of the three regulations for minimum downstreamtemperature, low reservoir temperature and maximum holdoverstorage are given in Tables 7, 8 and 9, respectively.Reservoir temperatures corresponding to these regulationschedules are graphically illustrated in Figures 17, 18and 19. All three. regulations showed the reservoir capableof satisfying release requirements necessary to maintainCow Creek temperatures below 700 F. Stream temperaturesfor most months were held below 69° F. for the regulationdesigned for minimum downstream temperature. Residualstorage amounted to 9,000 acre-feet and average reservoirtemperature reached a maximum of about 68° F. When regu-lated for low reservoir temperature, the average valuereached a maximum of about 60° F. and residual storagewas 9,000 acre-feet, as before. Maximum holdover storageamounted to 21,000 acre-feet, while average reservoirtemperatures reached a maximum of almost 68° F. For theforegoing regulations, maximum reservoir temperatureseither approached or exceeded the 70° F. level.

The regulation for the maximum temperature year, 1958,showed that reservoir capability is inadequate to controltemperatures for the entire length of stream below 70° F.Only about half of the stream below Galesville Dam couldbe held below 70° F. for the entire five months. Table 10,which gives details of this regulation, shows releasetemperatures of 70° F. for September and October. Meteoro-logical conditions for these two months will cause a dropin temperature as released water moves downstream. Averagereservoir temperature reaches a maximum of 730 F., whilethe temperature near the surface reached 80° F.

29

w>0

1850

I-LiiwLL

z

1900

1800

1750

TABLE 7

BECULAT ION OF GALESVIIJE RESERVOIR H)R MAINTAINING MINIMUM STREAM TEMPERATURES

UNDER AVERAGE METECIOIOGIGAL CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE IN °F


FIGURE 17. Monthly tempereture distribution for the reguletion shown in Table 7.

30

MONTH INITIALHES.

V0ID

Ac. Ft.

INITIALRES.TP.°F

ThtPtQW

Ac. Ft.

INFLOWTEMP.

°F

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. CiS

RELEASETEv1P.

°F

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALRES.

von

Ac. Ft.

FINALRES.

.

°F

APRIL 70,000 42.0 8,500 48.5 3,500 60 52.0 5.5 75,000 47.5

MAY 75,000 47.5 4,800 53.0 4,800 80 56.0 7.6 75,000 55.1

JUNE 75,000 55.1 2,500 62.9 17,800 300 59.0 3.1 59,700 58.2

JULY 59,700 58.2 1,100 67.9 18,400 300 55.0 4.2 42,400 62.4

AUG. 42,400 62.4 700 68.5 15,400 250 60.0 2.7 27,700 65.1

SEPP. 27,700 65.1 700 618 14,900 250 62.0 3.1 13,500 68.2

OCT. 13,500 68.2 1,700 52.1 6,100 100 62.0 -10.0 9,100 58.2

1900

1800

1750

HEGULT ION OF GALFSVITLE RESERVOIR FOR W4INTAIN INC lOW RESERVOIR TEMPERN[URES

UNDER AVERAGE IvJF)J}OIOGICM CONDITIONS

TABLE 8

TEMPERATURE IN °F

4

6O

FIGURE 18. Monthly temperature distribution for the regulation shcr'n in Table 8.

31

MONTH INITIAL1{ES

VOLUME

Ac. Ft.

INITIALRES

TEMP.

°F

INFlOW

Ac. Ft.

INFlOWtEMP.

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. CFS

RELEASETERIP

°F

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALRES

VOUJME

Ac. Ft.

FINALBES.

TEMP.

°F°F

AFRIL 70,000 42.0 8,500 48.5 3,500 60 52.0 5.5 75,000 47.5

MAY 75,000 47.5 4,800 53.0 4,800 80 56.0 7.6 75,000 55.1

JUNE 75,000 55.1 2,500 62.9 17,800 300 60.0 2.8 59,700 57.9

JULY 59,700 57.9 1,100 67.9 18,400 300 57.0 3.3 42,400 61.2

AUG. 42,400 61.2 700 68.5 15,400 250 60.0 2.0 27,700 63.2

SEPT. 27,700 63.2 700 61.8 14,900 250 63.0 -0.1 13,500 63.1

OCT. 13,500 63.1 1,700 52.1 6,100 100 65.0 -14.2 9,100 48.9

JUN JUL AUG SEP OCTAPR MAY

w>0

1850

wwLi.

z

1900

1800

1750

TABLE 9

REGULATION OF GALESVTTLE RESERVOIR FOR MAINTAINING HI{ RESERVOIR HOLDOVER

UNDER AVERAIE NEIIOIOIOGIGAL CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE IN °F



'_) ,-

MONTH INITIALHE3.

VOLU}

Ac. Ft.

INITIALRES.

TEMP.

°F

INFlOW

Ac. Ft.

INFLOWTF1vP.

°F

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. CFS

RELEASETEMP.

°F

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALRES.

\1OL1J(E

Ac. Ft.

FINALRES.

TflvlP.

°F

APRIL 70,000 42.0 8,500 48.5 3,500 60 52.0 5.5 75,000 47.5

MAY 75,000 47.5 4,800 53.0 4,800 80 56.0 7.6 75,000 55.1

JUNE 75,000 55.1 2,503 62.9 14,900 250 57.0 3.6 62,600 58.7

JULY 62,600 58.7 1,100 67.9 15,400 250 54.0 4.2 48,300 62.9

AUG. 48,300 62.9 700 68.5 12,300 200 57.0 3.1 36,700 65.0

SEPT. 36,700 66.0 700 61.8 11,900 200 62.0 1.6 25,500 67.6

OCT. 25,500 67.6 1,700 52.1 6,100 100 65.0 -4.8 21,100 62.8

TABLE 10

REGULATION OF GAl IIILLE RESERVOIR OR MAINTAINING MINIMUM STHEAM MPERATURFS

DURING MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE YEAR (1958)

1900

-JU)

Lu>0

1850

I.-LuLuLi

z

1800

1750

E!LTEMPERATURE IN °F

FIGURE 20. Monthly teniperature distribution for the regulation shown in Table 10.

33

MONTH INITIALPES.

VOUE

Ac. Ft.

INITIALHER.MP.

°F

INEWW

Ac. Ft.

IMFtø1T]MP.

9'

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. UJJ

RElEASETEMP.

P

TEMP.GAIN

°F

FINALHER.

VOIAJME

Ac. Ft.

FINALRES.

.

°F

APRIL 70,000 42.0 8,500 48.5 3,500 60 S 6.4 75,000 48.4

MAY 75,000 48.4 4,800 53.0 4,800 80 S 9.5 75,000 57.9

JUI'IE 75,000 57.9 2,500 62.9 17,800 300 S 5.5 59,700 63.4

JULY 59,700 63.4 1,100 67.9 18,400 300 5 6.7 42,400 70.1

AUG 42,400 70 1 700 68 5 18,400 300 I 3 0 24,700 73 1

SEPT. 24,700 73.1 700 61.8 14,900 250 I 5 -0.3 10,500 72.8

OCT. 10,500 72.8 1,700 52.1 5,100 100 S S -7.7 6,100 65.1


Results of regulations on Galesville Reservoir indicatedthat under average meteorological conditions and with afull reservoir in June, temperatures in Cow Creek can beheld below 700 F. if nearly the entire storage is regulatedfor temperature control. Reservoir temperatures can simul-taneously be held within tolerable limits for desirablespecies of fish life. However, as discussed above, evena full reservoir will permit only about half of Cow Creekto be continuously controlled below 70° F. during themaximum temperature year. If part of the stored water isnot available for temperature control, or else the reser-voir fails to attain full pool in June, effective tempera-ture control will be decreased over a correspondinglylonger portion on the lower section of Cow Creek. Theextent and frequency of the occurrence of these conditionswill determine the degree of temperature control that canbe exercised over Cow Creek. It appears that an additionalreservoir on West Fork would ensure that Cow Creek tempera-tures could be held below 70° F. for every year, but thishas not been analyzed in this study.

3. Calapooya Creek

Stream temperatures were computed for discharge values of200, 150 and 100 cfs at initial temperatures of 50° and

60° F. for the monthsof June through September.Curves of maximum tempera-ture vs. stream miles aregiven in Figures 21 and22. They indicate thata reservoir release rateof 150 cfs at a tempera-ture of 50° F. will becapable of maintainingstream temperaturesbelow 70° F. for all ofthe months considered.Stream lengths below thedam in which temperatureswill be held below 70° F.for the various releaseconditions are given inTable 11.

TABLE 11

CMABCYA CREEK

STREAM M]IES BEIDW HINKLE RESERVOHXUD BMØ 700 F

Entire length of stre8m below Hinkle Beser-oir.The proposed Hinkle Damis located at stream

mile 33 on Calapooya Creek. The area-capacity curve,Figure 23, shows that at full pool elevation the reservoirwill have a capacity of 70,000 acre-feet at a depth of 220feet. Average annUal yield at the damsite is estimated at80,000 acre-feet and the minimum yield at 30,000 acre-feet.

34

RElEASE RELEASE REaiF.ASE PEEIODBATE TEMP.

jr.JNE JULY AUG. sr.Cfs °F 1-10 1-10 1-10 1.10

200 50 33* 33 33 3360 33 24 33 33

150 50 33 33 33 3360 23 15 22 33

100 50 27 19 25 3360 12 9 11 28

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

x

CALAPOOYA CREEK

June 1-10 July I-tO

150 CFS

100 CFS

35

20 10 0 40 30 20 10

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 21. Maximum stream temperatures for indicated releases from Hinkle Reservoir.

U-0

z

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

.5o

80

70

60

Aug. 1-10 Sept. 1-10200 CFS

CALAPOOYA CREEK

ISO CFS

100 CFS

5040 30 20 10 0 40

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 22. Mxiimim stream temperatures for inilicated releases from Ilinkle Reservoir.

36

10 02030

1100

1050-JU)

1000

950w-JIii

-J000

900

850

HINKLE RESERVOIR

SURFACE AREA IN HUNDREDS OF ACRES

16 4 12 l0 8 6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

STORAGE IN THOUSANDS OF ACRE FEET

PIGUPE 23. Capacity and surface area of proposed }Hnkle Reservoir on Calapooya Creek.

1050

-JU,

w 1000>0

I-wLQU-

900

850

TABLE 12

REGULATION OF HINKLE RESERVOIR DR MAINTAINING HIi RESERVOIR HOLEOVER

UNDER AVERAGE MEDIOIOGICAL (X)NDITIONS

TEMPERATURE IN °F



38

MONTH INITIALHER

VOLUME

Ac. Ft.

INITIALRES.

T1!MP.

0

INFLOW

Ac. Ft.

INFLOWTMF

°F

RELEASE

Ac. Ft. (JJ

RELEASETThIP.

°F

!IMP.GAIN

°F

FINALRES.

VOIX]ME

Ac. Ft.

FINALHER.

TEMP.

°F

APRIL 70,000 42.0 8,300 49.0 8,300 140 52.0 4.8 70,000 46.8

MAY 70,000 46.8 5,700 54.0 5,700 90 54.0 7.6 70,000 54.4

JUNE 70,000 54.4 2,200 61.0 8,900 150 57.0 3.6 63,300 58.0

JULY 63,300 58.0 900 66.0 12,300 200 59.0 2.7 51,900 60.7

AUG. 51,900 60.7 600 67.0 9,200 150 57.0 1.9 43,300 62.6

SEFP. 43,300 62.6 600 68.0 6,000 100 61.0 0.1 37,900 62.7

OCT. 37,900 62.7 1,900 50.0 6,100 100 65.0 -2.6 33,700 60.1

z950

In view of the close resemblance between Hinkle andGalesville Reservoirs, the thermal behavior of thelatter can be expected to apply to the former. How-ever, release requirements for downstream temperaturecontrol will be less severe for Hinkle Reservoir be-cause Calapooya Creek below the dam is less than one-half as long as Cow Creek below Galesville Reservoir

In the only regulation performed on Hinkle Reservoir,a high holdover storage was attempted for averagemeteorological conditions. Details of the regulationare given in Table 12, while the corresponding reser-voir temperatures are illustrated in Figure 24. Theregulation demonstrated that stream temperatures can beheld below 700 F. under average meteorological condi-tions by utilizing little more than one-half of thestorage capacity at full pool. Residual storage at theend of October was over 33,000 acre-feet.

Results of the foregoing regulation and the results oftemperature analyses on Galesville Reservoir, indicatethat Hinkle Reservoir is capable of holding tempera-tures in Calapooya below 700 F. for all years, includingthe maximum temperature year.

4. Umpqua River

Of the three proposed reservoirs, only Tiller Reservoirhas the potential to influence temperatures in the mainstem of the Urnpqua River. Temperatures were thereforedetermined imnfédiately below the confluence of NorthUmpqua River and South Umpqua River for each of theadopted releases from Tiller Reservoir. These tempera-tures, for certain releases, were noted to be slightlyhigher than those occurring withOut regulation. Theseincreases occur when the increase in discharge of theSouth Umpqua River under regulation is not accompaniedby a corresponding reduction in temperature at itsmouth. A temperature analysis was also made for themain stem between the confluence and Elkton for thevarious releases from Tiller Reservoir. Maximum tem-perature values resulting from these analyses aregraphically illustrated in Figures 25 through 29. Thecurves show that for all the adopted reservoir releases,stream temperatures higher than 70° F. will occur inJuly, August and September.

Results of the analyses indicate that stream regulationby the proposed reservoirs will have no material effecton the temeperature regime in the main stem of the UmpquaRiver.

39

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

5040*60!

605040i

60150401

UMPQUA RIVERJune 1-101600 CFS

1200 CFS

700 CFS

110 100 90 80 70 60 50

STREAM MILE

FIGtJ 25. Maximum stream temperatures for inaicate releases from Tiller Reserxoir.

Release temperature.

40

z

80

70

60

50

80

c 70

wa-

wI-

50

x

UMPQUA RIVER

July 1-101600 CFS

605040,

1200 CFS

6050'

700 CFS80

605040

110 100 90 80 70 60 50

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 25. Maximum stream temperatures for ithicated releases from Tiller Reser'uoir.

* Release temperature.

41

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

50

80

70

60

50

UMPQUA RIVERAug. 1-10

1600 CFS

*60

50

1200 CFS

700 CFS

605040

110 100 90 80 70 60

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 27. Maximum stream temperatures for indicated releases from Tiller Reservoir.

* Release temperature.

42

0

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

UMPQUA RIVERSept. 1-101600 CFS

1200 CFS

6050401

700 CFS

43

110 100 90 80 70 50

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 28. Maximum stream temperatures for inaicated releases from Tiller Reservoir.* Release temperature.

80

70

60

50

U.0

z

4

110 100 90 80 70 60 50

STREAM MILE

FIGURE 29. Maximum stream temperatures for imlicated releases from Tiller Reservoir.

Release temperature.

44

UMPQUA RIVEROct. 1-10

1600 CFS80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

80

70

60

50

1200 CFS

40i

700 CFS

605040i

15

cJ

S

COOS-COQUILLE BASIN

MID COAST BASIN

75 80

;

40

S

WILLAMETTE BASIN

5

20

LEGEND1964

A. Stream Gaging Station

A Water Temperat5re Station-active

A Water Temperature Station-inactive

A Water and Air Temperature StaticsClinnatological Station (precipitation only(

-*- Climatological Station (precipitation and air temp.)

Reservoir Site

Stream Segment Studied

j

88

(di

SCALE OF MILES

IS

0

105

45

\1S-

--S....

90

(

ROGUE BASIN STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARDAug. 1957

Numbers on streams indicate miles above mouth

UMPQUADRAINAGE BASIN

TEMPERATURE STUDY AREAFILE NO. 16.7016

PLATE

WATER TEMPERATURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL STUDY …

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