Water Sensitive Design-Shashi

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UTILITIES AND SERVICES PLANNING

Water Sensitive Urban Design

Some examples of WSUD

SNS.Sahil

9/10/2010

An overview of water Sensitive Urban Design and some illustrations regarding this.

Shashikant Nishant Sharma

BP/461/2008

B.Planning

School of planning and Architecture

New Delhi-110002



WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN

What is Water Sensitive Urban Design?

Water Sensitive Urban Design/Development (WSUD) is a new way of planningand designing urban environments that is sensitive to the issues of water sustainability and environmental protection.

The term combines two elements ± ³water sensitive´ and ³urban design´. Urbandesign is a well recognized field associated with the planning an architecturaldesign of urban environments, covering issues that have traditionally appearedoutside of the water field but nevertheless have implications for environmentalimpacts on land and water.

WSUD brings ³sensitivity to water´ into urban designs. The words ³Water Sensitive´ define a new way to integrate urban water cycle management thatinvolves the various disciplines of engineering and environmental sciencesassociated with the provision of water services, including the protection of aquatic environments in urban areas. Community values and aspirations of urbanplaces necessarily govern design decisions and therefore water managementpractices. Collectively WSUD tries to integrate the social and physical sciences.

The key objectives of WSUD include:

y Reducing potable water demand through water efficient appliances, rainwater and greywater reuse.

y Minimising wastewater generation and treatment of wastewater to a standardsuitable for effluent reuse opportunities and/or release to receiving waters.

y Protect and restore aquatic ecosystems and habitatsy Treating urban stormwater to meet water quality objectives for reuse and/or

discharge to surface waters.y Preserving the natural hydrological regime of catchments.y Protect the scenic, landscape and recreational values of waterwaysy Reducing minor flood risks in urban areas

What does WSUD look like on the ground?

WSUD requires an individual design approach to each site and as a result thereisn¶t a combination of solutions or devices that will be ³right´ in each situation.The unique characteristics and intended uses of each site will determine whatWSUD solutions are best included into the design. Below are some examples of



what has been done by local councils and developers in the Botany BayCatchment.

These are a few examples of WSUD in the Botany Bay Catchment.

This is a bio-retention system that hasbeen developed to treat the stormwater running off the roadways in thisdevelopment at Victoria Park, done byLandcom in Zetland, Sydney.

This is wetland that is also treating stormwater from a very industrialised area at the top of theCook¶s River in Chullora.

This is a commercial building in Loftus and it haspermeable pavements on the carpark and abioretention system to treat its stormwater. Thisbuilding also captures the rainwater that falls on itsroof and stores it in below ground rainwater tanks



to be used to flush the toilets throughout the building. This building wasdeveloped and is owned by Sutherland Shire Council.

Want to find out more?

There are a lot more detailed examples, case studies and pictures of WSUD atthe Water Sensitive Urban

Best practice land developments incorporate water sensitive urban design.

Stormwater sensitive designs will ensure:

y more marketable propertiesy

clean water for future generationsy healthy vibrant urban communitiesy better fishing in the Loddon & Murray rivers



Water sensitive urban design is about integrating water cycle managementinto urban planning and design to protect waterways and make better use of stormwater as a natural resource.

Waterway-friendly design features help to reduce the amount of pollution or volume of stormwater reaching nearby waterways. Examples include wetlands,raingardens, porous paving and swales.

What is a wetland?

Edithvale Seaford wetlands



Wetlands are areas of land that contain pools of shallow water. Wetlands include

lakes, swamps, damplands, mangroves and seagrass meadows. They can be

large or small, natural or constructed, permanent or temporary, and the water in

them can be static or flowing, fresh or salty.

Wetlands only cover about 3 percent of the Earth's surface. However, they are

important ecosystems for many reasons.

Wetlands:

y support a wide variety of plants and provide a home for native wildlife such

as birds, fish, frogs, tortoises and invertebrates.

y help reduce the severity of floods by acting as sponges, storing and

soaking up excess water.

y act as filters, cleaning and filtering out any nasty pollutants caught in the

water as it flows through.

y are great locations for recreation and sporting activities, such as camping,

swimming, boating, fishing, bushwalking and birdwatching.

Wetlands slow down the flow of water and help reduce the amount of sediment in

stormwater runoff. They also allow natural processes, the sunlight and time to

help clean the water.

Melbourne has many wetlands - both natural and constructed.

How do constructed wetlands work?

Wetlands slow the flow of water, as water is forced to travel through a series of

small ponds. It also holds water like a sponge, and slowly releases water to a



river or creek. These characteristics are the basic principles behind constructed

wetlands.

Constructed wetlands are normally built on land set aside for flood protection,usually next to rivers or creeks that are moderate or poor in condition. Shallow

ponds are dug out on these lands.

There are many types of wetland designs. However, most constructed wetlands

will have:

y Sedimentation ponds - to remove rubbish and large sediments

y Carbon filters - to remove organic material such as leaf litter and grass

clippings

y Marshes - to remove nutrients and to allow sunlight to help purify the water

Wetlands are planted with thousands of hardy indigenous aquatic and semi-

aquatic plants, including sedges and rushes. Some plants are planted in shallow

areas, others in deeper areas. All the plants, however, have a role - they remove

nitrogen and other pollutants from the water.

Sedimentation ponds are generally placed before the wetland, to allow allows

sediment to settle out of the water.

A carbon filter trap is placed at the beginning of the wetland to trap leaves and

grass clippings, and organic matter.

When water enters the marshes, more particles slowly settle on the bottom of the

pond. Very fine particles are absorbed by plant stems. Nitrogen in the water is

removed by the plants and through natural processes.



Bio-retention median at

Lynbrook Estate

Case study: Lynbrook Estate

Lynbrook Estate, a housing estate in Melbourne'ssouth-east, has one of the earliest examples of Water sensitive urban design in Melbourne. At the

estate, the stormwater system has been speciallydesigned and built to treat stormwater before itreaches the Eumemmerring Creek.

Stormwater flows down roads designed especiallyto funnel water to shallow grassed swales. Thewater seeps through the swales into anunderground system of gravel trenches andperforated pipes. The pipes carry the water to a setof constructed wetlands. The wetlands filter and

clean the stormwater naturally, before it reachesEumemmerring Creek.



ConclusionsThe potential of water harvesting is enormous. With about five to 10 per cent of India¶s land area set aside for rainwater collection, most of India¶s irrigation andhousehold water needs could be met. Furthermore, as the cases above illustrate,improved water conservation provides the foundation for a multitude of other improvement beginning with increased quantity and productivity of croplandsbecause of increased water conservation and, hence, availability of irrigatedwater, and leading on to increased grass production from the local grasslandsand slowly increased production of fodder and timber resources from the treeand forest lands.But for water harvesting to support sustainable rural development, there will needto be a change in the governance of water systems. A decentralised system of water management is required, in turn demanding a community-based system of natural resource management.

Thus, some of the methods of water sensitive urban design are as follows:-

y Reducing potable water demand through water efficient appliances,rainwater and greywater reuse.

y Minimising wastewater generation and treatment of wastewater to astandard suitable for effluent reuse opportunities and/or release toreceiving waters.

y Protect and restore aquatic ecosystems and habitats

y Treating urban stormwater to meet water quality objectives for reuseand/or discharge to surface waters.

y Preserving the natural hydrological regime of catchments.y Protect the scenic, landscape and recreational values of waterways

y Reducing minor flood risks in urban areas

Water Sensitive Design-Shashi

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