Water Scarcity in Jordan

Done by:

Yosra Al-bakkar

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Introduction Total area 90 000 km² Population: 6.0 M in 2010, growth rate = 3 % Jordan considered the world‘s fourth poorest

country in terms of water access . A high rate of natural population growth, combined

with periodic massive influxes of refugees .

Introduction

Jordan is located in arid to semi arid part of the world where water resources are limited and scares

Water resources is highly dependent on rainfall which varies in quantity, intensity and distribution from year to year.

About 40% of its resources are shared with neighboring countries, Israel and Syria

ClimateJordan climate can be classified as a Semi-desert area.

Summer maximum temperatures average 32o C for the highlands and 38 oC for the Jordan Valley and the eastern deserts.

Winter temperature range from 1-17o C in the highlands and the desert areas, and 8-21 oC in the Jordan Valley.

The raining season in Jordan extends from October to April, with peak taking place during January and February.

Physiography

Physiography

1. The Jordan Rift Valley (JRV): it is part of the Great Rift Valley; JRV run from lake Taberia to the Gulf of Aqaba. The Jordan Valley is part of the JRV (Lake Tiberias-Dead Sea).

2. The Plateau: Consists of the mountains and the upland plains with elevation ranging from 300m to 1200m. Average annual precipitation is 300mm.

3. The Steppe area and the desert: It represent about 90% of the country. Rainfall ranges from 35 mm to 200 mm

Water Resources

Usable Surface Water 375-505 MCM

Out of 690 MCMGroundwater (Safe yield) 430-280 MCMNon-renewable Groundwater

70-130 MCM

Treated Wastewater 65-200 MCMTreaty Water 25-50 MCMDesalinized Brackish Water

0-70 MCm

TOTAL 965-1265 MCM

Rainfall situation

• Total Rainfall Amounts:

o Wet Year: 11 Billion Cubic Meterso Average Year: 8.3 Billion Cubic Meterso Dry Years: 5.2 Billion Cubic Meters

Supply & Demand

Core Components of the Water Crisis in Jordan:

• High population growth.

• Limited renewable water resources.

• Increasing cost of supply expansion.

• High rate of evaporation.

Negative Impacts of Water Shortage

• Social impacts:

The spread of diseases which raise the medical expenditures and reduces the national production.

• Economical impacts:

Development plans cannot be implemented in case of water shortage, which hinders reaching the annual development targets.

• Impacts on investments:

causes the shrinkage of investments in all sectors, which hinders attracting investments.

Water Sector On-Going Actions

-Installing the Water Demand Unit, its function is a public awareness programs for efficient water use.

-Expanding the waste water treatment services using the best international technologies.

Like: Zai-Daboug conveyor.

-Sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Jordan Valley, with no expansion of the irrigated areas.

Water Sector On-Going Actions• Private sector participation in the management of

water facilities. Examples are:-The formation of the Jordan Water Company

(Miyahuna) which has been founded as a public company to manage the water sector in Amman area on commercial basis.

-Aqaba Water Company (AWC).-Management contract for billing and collections

Water Sector On-Going Actions

• Implementation of strategic projects such as:

-Disi Project to provide Amman with about 100-150MCM.

-Feasibility study of the Red Sea-Dead Sea water Conveyance Project.

-Dams construction, the latest of which is Al-Wehda Dam(110MCM).

THANK YOU

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