WATER SCARCITY

DESERTIFICATION

WHAT PROBLEMS DO THE PLANTS FACE HERE?

WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION IN IRELAND WE DO NOT SUFFER FROM A

LACK OF WATERHOWEVER OTHER PLACES IN THE WORLD

DO…..THIS LACK OF WATER IS CALLED

DROUGHTTHE DESERTS OF THE WORLD ARE GETTING

BIGGERTHIS SPREADING OF THE DESERTS IS

CALLED…..DERSERTIFICATION

DROUGHTSHAPPEN WHENTHERE IS NO WATER FOR PALNTS TO GROW

CAUESESA LOT OF VERY BAD DROUGHTS

HAVE HELPED CAUSE DESRTIFICATION

THESE DROUGHTS HAVE HAPPENED ON THE EDGE OF THE SAHARA DESERT IN AFRICA IN A PLACE CALLED THE SAHEL

THE SOIL DRIES UP BECAUSE THERE IS NO RAIN AND THEN PLANTS DIE

THE WIND THEN BLOWS THE SOIL AWAY

THE SAHEL AREA OF AFRICA IS TURNINGTO DESERT ONE COUNTRY THAT SUFFERS FROM THIS IS MALI EGYPT

DROUGHT IN ETHIOPIA

HOW TREES HELP KEEP SOIL IN PLACE

THE ROOTS OF THE TREES KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE

THE BRANCHES ANDLEAVES ON THE TREES KEEP THE SUN’S HEAT OFF THE SOIL

PEOPLE HELP CAUSE DERSTIFICATIONTHE POPULATION OF THESE PARTS OF

AFRICA ARE GETTING BIGGER BECAUSE OF BETTER MEDICINES ETC.

THESE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SAHEL NEED TO BE FED

THEY HAVE NO ELECTRICITY SO THEY CUT DOWN THE TREES FOR FIREWOOD

THAT MEANS THERE ARE NO ROOTS TO KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE OR TO STOP THE SOIL FROM DRYING UPFROM THE SUN

BECAUSE THERE ARE NO TREES OR PLANTSTHE LAND IS TURNING INTO DESERT LANDWHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE REST OF THE LANDIN TIME?

ANIMALSTHE SOIL GETS DRIED UP AND BLOWN AWAY

BECAUSE PEOPLE KEEP CUTTING DOWN TREES

THE SAME HAPPENS WHEN TOO MANY ANIAMLS GRAZE ON THE LAND

THEY EAT WHAT LITTLE GRASS THERE IS AND SO NO GRASS GROWS BACK…..

THE PROBLEM IS THAT THIS IS THE ONLY WAY FOR THE FARMERS TO MAKE A LIVING

THIS PROBLEM IS CALLED OVERGRAZING

OVERGRAZING IN THE SHAEL

THE BEST LAND IS OWNED BY THE RICH FARMERS

THEY GROW CROPS THAT THEY SELL TO OTHER COUNTRIES

THESE CROPS ARE CALLED CASH CROPS (BECAUSES THEY ARE SOLD FOR MONEY)

THAT MEANS THE PEOPLE OF THE SAHEL ARE PUSHED ON TO THE LAND THAT IS NO GOOD FOR FARMING

THIS ALL HEPLS THE DESERT S GET BIGGER

CASH CROPS IN AFRICA

TREES ARE CUT DOWN FOR FIREWOOD THERE IS NOTHING TO PROTECT THE SOILFROM THE SUN

RESULTS OF DERSERTIFICATION

FAMINE: AS THE DESERTS GET BIGGER PLANTS, ANIMALS AND PEOPLE DIE

PEOLE HAVE NO FOOD AND THEN DISEASE SPREADS

THIS HAS HAPPENED IN ETHIOPIA SUDAN AND SOMALIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS

FAMINE IN SOMALIA

FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA

MILLIONS OF ACRES OF LAND IS NOW USELESS

PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND MIGRATE TO OTHER PALCES TO START A NEW LIFE

MANY OF THE PEOPLE END UP IN REFUGEE CAMPS BECAUSE THE COUNTRIES THEY ARE MOVING TO CAN NOT COPE

REFUGEE CAMPS

WE CAN SEE FROM THIS BAR GRAPH THAT OVERGRAZING IS A BIG PROBLEM IN AFRICA AND ALSO ASIACAN YOU GIVE 1 REASON FOR THIS?

SANDSTORM

SOLUTIONS TO DESERTIFICATION

FARMERS COULD RE-PLANT TREES AND SHRUBS TO MAKE A SHELTER BELT

THIS WOULD PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN AND HELP STOP IT FROM BEING BLOWN AWAY

THEY COULD ALSO STOP OVERGRAZING OF THE LAND BY ANIMALS (NOT KEEP AS MANY)

WHAT ARE THE WOMEN IN THIS PICTURE DOING?

THE WOMEN ARE PLANTING TREES TO MAKE A SHELTER BELTTHIS IS TO PROTECTTHE SOIL FROM THE SUN

SHELTER BELTS IN AFRICA

FARMERS MUST STOP FARMING IN THE OLD WAYS

THEY MUST LEARN NEW WAYS THAT WILL HELP BRING THE SOIL BACK TO LIFE

ONE OF THE WAYS THEY COULD DO THIS IS BY IRRIGATION

NEW FARMING IN THE SHAEL

WHAT IS IRRIGATIONTHIS IS ARTIFICIALY WATERING THE

LANDBY HOSES, PIPES , SPRINKLER ETCTHIS WOULD HELP KEEP THE LAND

WET AND STOP IT FROM DRYING OUTTHIS WOULD ALSO HELP CROPS

GROW AND STOP DESERTIFICATION FROM HAPPENING

IRRIGATION

CASE STUDY:THE NILE VALLEY PROJECT, EGYPT

THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE FARMERS THEY DEPENDED ON THE NILE RIVER TO

FLOOD ONCE A YEAR FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW

THE RIVER WOULD DROP FERTILE MUD ON THE FIELDS AND ASLO WATER THE LAND

THEY ALSO USED A SHADUF TO GET WATER FROM THE NILE RIVER ON TO THE FIELDS

THE RIVER NILE IN EGYPT

TOWNS INANCIENTEGYPTWERE BUILTBESIDE THERIVER NILE

FARMERS HAD THEIR FARMS ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE……WHY DO YOU THINK THEY DID THIS?

THIS IS THE NILE DELTA?WHAT IS A DELTA?

THE NILE FLOWED INTOTHE MEDITERRANENANSEACAN YOU SEE THE SAHARA DESERT ON SATELLITE PICTURE?

THIS DAM IS CALLED THE ASWAN HIGH DAM

IT IS PART OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENTS PLAN TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS ENOUGH WATER FOR EVERYBODY ALL YEAR ROUND

TODAY THEY BUILT A DAM ACROSS THE NILE TO CONTROL THE RIVER

THE ASWAN HIGH DAM……LOOK AT THE PICTUREWHAT WAS A DAM?

REASONS FOR THE PROJECT

TO CONTROL THE FLOODING THAT HAPPENS IN EARLY SPRING

(THIS IS BECAUSE THE SNOW MELTS HIGH IN THE MOUNTAINS AND ENDS UP IN THE NILE RIVER)

THE DAM CAN ALSO MAKE HYDRO-ELECTRICITY FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF EGYPT

THE DAM ON THE NILE: THE WATER BEING LET OUT

THE WATER IN THE RIVER NILE WILL BE STORED BEHIND THE DAM WALL

THIS WILL BE A RESERVOIR (A PLACE TO STORE WATER UNTIL IT IS NEEDED)

THE WATER IN THE RESEVOIR CAN BE LET OUT WHEN EVER IT IS NEEDED. THIS WOULD HELP THE FARMERS GROW MORE FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE

THIS IS HOWTHEY BUILT THEASWAN HIGH DAMCAN YOU TELL HOWDEEP THE RESERVOIR WAS ?

COMPLETING THE PROJECT

THE ASWAN HIGH DAM WAS BUILT ACROSS THE NILE

AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE WAS MADE BEHIND THE DAM WALL

THIS LAKE WAS CALLED LAKE NASSERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION WAS

BUILT IN THE DAM WALL (BIG WHEELS PUT IN AND WHEN THAT

WATER PASSES THROUGH THEM THEY TURN AND MAKE ELECTRICTY

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESOF THE DAM

BUILDING A DAM LIKE THIS CAN STOP A RIVER FROM FLOWING

THIS CAN HELP SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR PEOPLE

HOWEVER IT CAN ALSO CAUSE PROBLEMS……CAN YOU DESCRIBE SOME OF THESE?

LAKE NASSER

ASWANHIGH DAM

THE RIVERNILE

ADVANTAGES

THE FARMERS HAVE MORE WATER FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW

THEY ALSO HAVE WATER ALL YEAR ROUND

MORE FOOD CAN BE GROWNNOW FARMERS CAN GROW 3 CROPS A

YEAR INSTEAD OF ONLY 1 IN ANCIENT TIMES

CROPS ARE GROWN UP TO 3 TIMES A YEARNOW BY FARMERS ALONG THE NILE

NOW LARGE AMOUNT OF HYDRO-ELECTRICITY IS MADE

THIS IS GOOD FOR HOMES AND FOR INDUSTRY IN EGYPT

LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE ASWAN DAM

DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM

TO BUILD THE DAM FARMERS HAD TO MOVE

THIS WAS BECAUSE THE LAND WOULD BE FLOODED BEHIND THE DAM WALL

THIS LAND WAS FERTILE LAND (GOOD FOR GROWING CROPS) AND NOW IT IS UNDER WATER

FERTILE LAND WAS NOW FLOODED

CAN YOU SPOTWHAT THE RESERVOIR CANBE USED FOR?

THE RIVER NOW DROPS ALL THE FERTILE MUD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE RESERVOIR

THIS MEANS FARMS ALONG THE NILE NO LONGER GET THIS FERTILE MUD TO HELP THEIR CROPS GROW

THIS ALSO MEANS THAT THE NILE DELTA IS GETTING SMALLER

VERY FEW NUTRIENTS FOR FISH ARE CARRIED DOWNSTREAM

THIS MEANS THERE IS NOW LESS FISH IN THE RIVER NILE

FISHERMEN ALONG THE NILE ARE NOT CATCHING MUCH FISH AS ARESULT