Water resources in a changing world
-
Upload
international-water-management-institute-iwmi -
Category
Education
-
view
93 -
download
5
Transcript of Water resources in a changing world
![Page 1: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water resources in a changing world
Jeremy Bird International Water Management Institute24 March 2015
Photo: John Hamish Appleby/IWMI
![Page 2: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
5Remote sensing
and spatialanalysts
22Economists and
agriculturaleconomists
5Ecologists/Wetland
specialists
8Soil scientists
23Social
scientists
14Irrigation andagriculturalengineers
30Specialists in
ground/surfacewater
5Water quality
and healthspecialists
Inter-disciplinaryapproach
IWMI – Research for Developmentoperating across Asia and Africa
Photo: IWMI
![Page 3: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fresh water a finite resource
All the Earth’s water as a single bubble, to scale. Freshwater is the smaller bubble. Water in lakes and rivers is the tiny bubble. Source: USGS
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html
![Page 4: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Globalization – water is traded across borders in food crops – Virtual water
![Page 6: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10 100 1000 10000 100000
GDP per capita (2000 constant dollars per year)
me
at
co
ns
um
pti
on
(kg
/ca
p/y
r)
Meat China
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10 100 1000 10000 100000
GDP per capita (2000 constant dollars per year)
milk
con
sum
ptio
n
(kg/
cap/
yr)
Milk
China
India USA
USA
As economies grow, diets change,…more meat >>> more water
Source: IWMI
![Page 7: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Agriculture’s challenge…..
To feed 9 billion people in 2050, we need to produce 50-70% more food…
…and reverse environmental degradation
…and reduce vulnerability to climate shocks
![Page 8: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
…and a reduction in species
Living Planet Index. 2005. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/289.short
Population index = 100 in 1970
![Page 9: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Safe
Semi-critical
Critical
Over exploited
Saline
‘Free’ electricity encouraged groundwater overuse
Groundwater has supported crop expansion
Source: IWMI
![Page 10: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Source: IWMI
Research showing signs of over-pumping and groundwater pollution in Jaffna
![Page 11: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Solar power will reduce emissions from groundwater pumps – need to combine with efficient irrigation systems Courtesy Jain Irrigation
Photos: Hamish John Appleby/IWMI
![Page 12: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Industry can also be more efficient in reducing water use – e.g. Coca Cola
• Reduced water use ratio. Since 2001 cut water use by more than a fifth.
• Recycling water used in manufacturing processes and returning it to the environment
• Replenishing water in communities and nature through the support of healthy watersheds
![Page 13: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hyderabad, India 2003-14
Population rapidly becoming more urban
Source: IWMI
![Page 14: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
Waste management in cities in developing countries cannot keep pace with urbanization
Photo: Neil Palmer/IWMI
![Page 15: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Techniques to use
waste water safely….
Photo: IWMI
![Page 16: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Turning waste into an organic fertilizer
Source: IWMI
![Page 17: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Climate change -
floods and droughts
are increasing in
frequency
![Page 18: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
River flows are naturally highly variable –climate change makes it more extreme and uncertain
Source: Mekong River Commission
Mekong River Flow regime at Chiang Saen, 1993-2010
![Page 19: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Bangkok floods 2011
Insurance loss: $12 billion
commons.wikimedia.org
![Page 20: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
“Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI)” – store peak floods underground and use for irrigation in the dry season
Source: Pavelic 2012
![Page 21: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Food prices depend on many factors – water is becoming a more prominent influence
![Page 22: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Food shortages as food prices rise, Mozambique
Photo: ILRI 2008
![Page 23: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Using geo-spatial data to improve our response to floods
• Improve planning capacity• Target flood management measures• Provide basis for crop flood insurance • Improve flood relief efforts
![Page 24: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Identifying climate change Vulnerability Hotspots –to design locally relevant adaptation measures
Climate Change Vulnerability Index
Anuradhapura
Nuwara-Eliya
RatnapuraSensitivity Index
Exposure Index
Adaptive Capacity Index
Source: IWMI
![Page 25: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Using Mobile Apps to provide flood and
drought information
Photo: IWMI
![Page 26: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Breeding flood and drought tolerant crop varieties
Swarna-Sub117 day submergence
Photo: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
![Page 27: Water resources in a changing world](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062710/55a7025f1a28abac1f8b45a5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
It’s a big challenge, but there are solutions…
More efficient water use
Sustainable management of surface and
groundwater
Increasing resilience to climate shocks
Recycling waste and recovering nutrients
Reversing land and soil degradation
Balancing the built and natural environment