Water Quality Trend Analysis 1981-‐2015
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Water Quality Trend Analysis 19812015 Brendan Hart, Hope Husmillo, Nicole Kukla, Maninee Kapadia, Kieran LaneOppenhiem Apr. 15, 2016 Faculty of Science – Environmental Science ENSC 502
Transcript of Water Quality Trend Analysis 1981-‐2015
Water Quality Trend Analysis 1981-‐2015 Brendan Hart, Hope Husmillo, Nicole Kukla, Maninee Kapadia, Kieran Lane-‐Oppenhiem Apr. 15, 2016
Faculty of Science – Environmental Science ENSC 502
Overview
§ Research objecSves § Site and parameter selecSon § StaSsScal analyses § Findings § Literature comparison
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Research ObjecSves
§ Observe water quality trends along the Elbow River spaSally and temporally
§ Compare findings to previous research
hUp://www.calgarycitynews.com/2014/11/another-‐stretch-‐of-‐flood-‐damaged.html
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Site SelecSon
§ 5 sampling sites selected along the Elbow River
§ Cobble Flats § Bragg Creek § Highway 22 § Twin Bridges § Sarcee Bridge
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Parameters of Interest
§ Chloride (Cl-‐) § From road salt and surface runoff, useful tracer ion
§ Escherichia coli (E. coli) § From GI tracts of mammals, public health risk
§ Total Phosphorous (TP) § From ferSlizer runoff, harmful algal blooms
§ Nitrates and Nitrites (NO3-‐ + NO2
-‐) § From ferSlizer runoff, harmful algal blooms
§ Total Organic Carbon (TOC) § From all organic maUer, low water oxygen levels
hUp://slowfoodmagaliesvalley.co.za/slow-‐stories-‐internaSonal /the-‐curse-‐of-‐ferSlizer/
hUps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli
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Data
§ Data were collected by City of Calgary from 1981-‐2015
§ >4000 samples collected
hUps://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=35455
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StaSsScal Analyses
§ MANOVA § Non-‐parametric § IdenSfies differences between sites
§ Seasonal Mann-‐Kendall § Non-‐parametric § Accounts for seasonality of obtained data § Analysis for increasing/decreasing trend over Sme
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Water Quality 1981-‐2015
Years
Bragg Creek
Years 8
Site Annual Averages
0
2
4
6
[Cl-‐] (mg/L)
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
[TP] (m
g/L)
0
0.08
0.16
0.24
[NO
2-‐ +NO
3-‐ ]
(mg N/L)
0
1
2
3
0 15 30 45 60 75 [TOC] (m
g/L)
0
30
60
90
0 15 30 45 60 75 E.coli (M
PN/
100m
l)
Distance from Elbow Lake (km)
Figure 4. Overall concentration means of chloride ion (Cl-), total phosphate (TP), nitrate+nitrite (NO2-+NO3
-), total organic carbon (TOC),
Distance from Cobble Flats (km) Distance from Cobble Flats (km) 9
Seasonal Trends 1981-‐2015
0
2
4
6
[Cl-‐] (m
g/L)
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
[TP] (m
g/L)
0 50
100 150 200 250
May
Aug
Nov
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Cobble Flats
Bragg Creek Hwy 22 Bridge
Twin Bridges Sarcee Bridge
E. coli (MPN
/100m
l)
0 1 2 3 4
May
Aug
Nov
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Mar
Jun
Sep
Dec
Cobble Flats
Bragg Creek Hwy 22 Bridge
Twin Bridgess
Sarcee Bridge
[TOC] (m
g/L)
Figure 3. Monthly means of chloride ion (Cl-), total phosphate (TP),
0
0.08
0.16
0.24
[NO2-‐ +
NO
3-‐ ]
(mg N/L)
10
Elbow Valley Development
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Twin Bridges 1982-‐2015
0 1 2 3 4 5
[Cl-‐ ] (m
g/L)
-‐0.1 -‐0.05
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
[TP] (m
g/L)
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2
[NO
2-‐ +NO
3-‐ ]
(mg N/L)
0
2
4
1982 1990 1998 2006 2014
[TOC] (m
g/L)
-‐50 0 50 100 150 200
1982 1990 1998 2006 2014
E. coli (MPN
/100m
l)
AYer Before
Years
Years
AYer Before
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Sen’s Slopes Parameter Site Sosiak & Dixon (unit/year)
1999-‐2002 502 Results (unit/year)
1981-‐2015
TP (µg/L) Cobble Flats Bragg Creek Highway 22 Twin Bridge Sarcee Bridge
NS -‐
-‐1.0 NS -‐
NS +0.1 +0.1 NS
+0.02
E. coli (MPN/ 100 mL) Cobble Flats Bragg Creek Highway 22 Twin Bridge Sarcee Bridge
NS NS NS +0.5 -‐
NS NS NS -‐0.4 -‐2.72
NO3-‐ + NO2
-‐ (µg/L) Cobble Flats Bragg Creek Highway 22 Twin Bridge Sarcee Bridge
NS +1.7 +1.6 +1.4 -‐
NS +1.0 +1.5 +1.3 +1.8
TOC (µg/L) Cobble Flats Bragg Creek Highway 22 Twin Bridge Sarcee Bridge
-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
NS NS +1.1 +7.5 NS
Cl-‐ (µg/L) Cobble Flats Bragg Creek Highway 22 Twin Bridge Sarcee Bridge
-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
-‐7.7 -‐28.5 -‐23.3 -‐16.7 66.7
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Possible CausaSon
§ Temporal and spaSal differences in trends may be aUributed to
§ Land use changes § Urban density increase § Variable agriculture pracSces
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Summary
§ 5 sites along the Elbow River § Cl-‐ ,TOC, NO3
-‐ + NO2-‐, E. coli, TP
§ Cl-‐ was found to increase downstream through watershed
§ E. coli was highest at sites nearest to Calgary, but are gradually decreasing annually
§ Variable TOC trends, no conclusion can be made § Development in Elbow Valley increased N and TP
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Acknowledgements
§ City of Calgary § Jamie Dixon § Dr. Jurgen Gailer § Dr. Cathy Ryan § Al Sosiak § Nadine Taube § ENSC 502 class
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References
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§ Beers, C and Sosiak, A. (1993), Water quality of the Elbow River, Environmental Quality Monitoring Branch Environmental Assessment Division Alberta Environmental ProtecSon.
§ Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (2003), Canadian environmental quality guidelines, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.
§ Elbow River Watershed Partnership (2016), Our Elbow Watershed. Available from: hUp://erwp.org/index.php/elbow-‐river-‐watershed/watershed-‐descripSon (Accessed 4 March 2016).
§ Health Canada (2014), Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality—Summary Table. Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, OUawa, Ontario.
§ Sosiak, A., and J. Dixon (2006), Impacts on water quality in the upper Elbow River, Water Science and Technology, 53(10), 309–316.
QuesSons
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