Water Quality Monitoring And Controlling In Irrigation...
Transcript of Water Quality Monitoring And Controlling In Irrigation...
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
210
ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR
Water Quality Monitoring And Controlling In Irrigation
Using Zigbee Technology
G.Lakshmi Prasanna1, S.Rajendra Prasad
2, Dr. C.D Naidu
3 , D. Ramesh Reddy
4
Abstract: Irrigated agriculture is dependent on an adequate water
supply of usable quality. Water used for irrigation can vary
greatly in quality depending upon type and quality of dissolved
salts. Salts are present in irrigation water in relatively small but
significant amounts. The problems that result very both and kind,
degree and modified by soil, climate and crop. The aim this paper
is to monitor the quality of water and control the water in
irrigation field. Here in this project we are monitoring the
conductivity of the water. Controlling is done by using moisture
sensor. If the moisture decreases , automatically the motor will be
ON and if the moisture reaches to its threshold level then the
motor will be automatically OFF. This data will be collected from
every node and sends to central station using zigbee technology.
Keywords: Moisture Sensor, conductivity sensor, Zigbee
Technology, Raspberry Pi.
I. INTRODUCTION
ZigBee has been developed to meet the growing
demand for capable wireless networking between numerous
low-power devices. In industry ZigBee is being used for next
generation automated manufacturing, with small transmitters in
every device on the floor, allowing for communication
between devices to a central computer. This new level of
communication permits finely-tuned remote monitoring and
manipulation. Arduino is used as it is user friendly and is a low
cost device which is used at nodes so the overall expenditure
on nodes will decrease. Raspberry pi is used at the control
station since the memory storage is high when compared to
arduino.
Zigbee technology is used to transmit the data which
comes from the node to central station. This technology has
many applications in various fields and which is prominently
used now. Data rate is high when compared to other
technologies. This project is to develop a system where water
quality is being monitored and distributed equally using
wireless network and is developed to monitor sensor values at
different nodes and transmits data to the central station when
the sensor values are deviated from their respective threshold
levels.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
To resolve the problem of the manual analytical
method adopted in water quality detection with bad real-time
character, this paper introduces a remote water quality
measuring and monitoring system. It has used wireless sensor
network based on the ZigBee to realize the water quality
parameter remote probing and the real-time monitoring
function. Observation of the current or historical water quality
status can be done easily by the user, and it provides a
reasonable basis which has a simple architecture. According to
the test results, this system can run stable and its operation is
convenient [1].
Historically, wireless networks have mainly addressed
military applications. However, in recent years, man
applications came into existence, such as managing inventory,
monitoring product quality and monitoring disaster zones.
Various technical issues such as power consumption, radio
propagation, delay, routing protocols, sensors etc. need to be
considered according to the applications. In this paper, we
propose a application which is particularly used for wireless
networks, specifically a water equitable distribution and
monitoring system. We propose a possible communication
system for the water equitable distribution and monitoring the
quality, and describe our channel measurement approach [2].
But the main aim of our proposed system is to design
an easy and efficient method with low-cost and low- power.
III. PROPOSED WATER QUALITY
MONITORING AND CONTROLLING
SYSTEM
The system is used to develop an application which is
based on water quality monitoring and equitable distribution in
irrigation fields, this data is transmitted using zigbee
technology. Fig.1 shows the block diagram of the system.
This project aims to identify the deviation in the
sensor levels and transmits the data to the central station
through a wireless network. It proposes a novel, scalable,
intelligent and incremental architecture which is adaptive to the environmental parameters, quality perception that incorporates
intelligence for monitoring the quality of water and generates
alerts in terms of mails/ messages/ alarms as per the user
requirements.
As this project operates in a remote places the power
consumption, size, data security and delay in the transmissions
plays a major role in developing the application. A node is
formed with the Atmega328 micro controller to process the
sensor information, and a zigbee module to transmit the sensor
information to the central station. The Atmega328 controller is
best suitable for this application, as it operates with the low
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
211
ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR
supply voltages of 3.3v and its low cost. Raspberry pi
(BCM2835 processor) is used at the central station since it has
significant memory to store the data and log the data
continuously.
Fig1: Block diagram of the system
A. Micro Controller (Atmega328)
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328. This controller is used at nodes which has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, an ICSP header, a power jack, and a reset button
[3].
Fig2: Arduino board
Features:
There are 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog pins.
Operating Voltage: 5V
Flash memory is of 32KB, SRAM is of 2KB,
EEPROM is of 1KB and it has clock speed of 16MHz
This controller supports UART, SPI, I2C
communications.
Features of this board helps for easy use and also
which makes to use in this project.
B. Moisture Sensor
This is a simple sensor which can be used to detect
soil moisture when the moisture of the deficit the plant will be
watered, so that the plants in your garden without people to
manage.
Fig3: Moisture sensor
Module Output is high when the soil moisture deficit,
or the output is low.
Operating voltage:3.3V~5V
C. Conductivity Sensor
It measures Conductivity, Practical salinity units,
Total dissolved solids, specific gravity of sea water.
This sensor takes Temperature dependent or
temperature independent readings.
Full E.C. range from 0.07 μs/cm to 500,000+ μs/cm
Here in this project we have used i2c communication
for the conductivity sensor [4].
Fig4: Conductivity probe
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
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ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR
D. Xbee Pro S2b
Xbee pro s2b is a zigbee module which is used to
transmit the data. The data rate of the module is 2.4GHz. It can
transmit the data up to 1500m range [5].
Fig5: Xbee pr s2b
E. Raspberry Pi Board
Raspberry pi board is used at the central station.
Model B is used in this project, BCM2835 which contains an
ARM1176JZ-F processor running at 700MHz, 256MB of
RAM, and a GPU named Video Core IV [6][7],[8].
Fig6 : Raspberry pi board
F. Relay
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal. Here relay is used as we cannot drive
the DC motor with voltage supplied by the microcontroller.
G. Motor
An D.C motor is used to pump the water for the crop
when the moisture level of the plant is less than the threshold
level, and OFF when the moisture level is less than the
threshold level.
IV. WORKING OF NODE
Moisture sensor and conductivity sensor are
connected to arduino board which in turn is connected to xbee
pro s2b module. The data from the sensors is taken from the
board and send to central station using zigbee technology.
Moisture level and conductivity of water will be
continuously transmitting the data to central station. Here we
are using raspberry pi board at central station. When the
moisture level of the water is below the threshold level
decreases motor will ON, when it increases the motor will be
OFF.
V. FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT
Fig7: Flow diagram
Moisture sensor is connected to analog pins of the
arduino board and conductivity sensor is connected to i2c pins
on the board. If the sensor values deviates from its threshold
level then appropriate action is taken.
Firstly we have initialize wire.h library in the arduino
software and then enable i2c mode.
If the i2c address is 100 then initialize serial port else
go back to start.
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
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ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR
After setting up the serial port call the device by id
num and then transmit the command.
Once after transmitting the command read the 1st byte
if the 1st byte is 1 then transmit the command else
again read the byte.
If the value is 2 then it is in failed state. If the value is
254 then it is in pending state. If the value is 255 then
there is no data.
VI. RESULTS
The results of the system are shown below which is
used for water quality monitoring and distribution of water in
the irrigation field. Conductivity of the water is being
monitored because if the conductivity level of the water is high
then there is danger that crops will die.
Fig8: At nodes.
This figure shows conductivity sensor and moisture
sensor are connected to the arduino board which is further
connected to the zigbee module which transmits the data. Xbee
transmits the data i.e moisture level, conductivity of the water
coming from the sensor to the central station
Fig9: Checks the moisture of the soil and water the crop
This figure shows that the moisture level is decreased
in the field so the motor is ON.
Raspberry pi is used at the central station since it has
more storage capacity when compared to arduino. At the
central station also we have connected another xbee for
receiving the data from the nodes.
Fig10: At Central station
This figure shows raspberry pi is connected to zigbee
module. The results are shown in the sytem screen. The data
from the nodes will be continuosly monitored to the central
station.
Fig11: Reading at the central station.
This figure shows the readings which are taken at the
central station which is connected to the raspberry pi.
VII. CONCLUSION
This proposed research project refers to an effective
system were water can be used in efficient way in irrigation.
The quality of the water is also being monitored so that there is
no effect for the crop. This system is simple, efficient, cost
effective which gives the desired output. The Design and
implementation of water quality monitoring system and water
equitable distribution using wirelessly is done with the zigbee
communication. The communication between the nodes is
established and nodes are sending their sensors information to
the central station when they are beyond the threshold levels. It
can be concluded that this project is best suitable for remote
areas where low power and low data rates are playing a key
role.
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
214
ISSN: 2278 – 7798 All Rights Reserved © 2015 IJSETR
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
In the future we can include many more water quality
sensors that effects the crops. In transmitting section we can
use more effective methods for routing protocols.
REFERENCES
[1]. Rasin, Z.; Hamzah, H.; Aras, M.S.M. “ Application and
evaluation of high power Zigbee based wireless sensor network
in water irrigation control monitoring system” Published in:
Industrial Electronics & Applications, 2009. ISIEA 2009. IEEE
Symposium on (Volume:2 )
[2]. Zulhani Rasin and Mohd Rizal Abdullah “Water quality
monitoring system using zigbee based wireless sensor
network”
[3]. http://www.arduino.cc/
[4]. http://www.digi.com/pdf/ds_xbeezbmodules.pdf
[5]. https://www.atlas-scientific.com/
[6]. I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E.Cayirci,
„A survey on Sensor Networks‟, IEEE Communications
Magazine, vol. 40, Issue: 8, pp.102114, August 2002.
[7]. "BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom". Broadcom.com.
1 September 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2012
[8]. http://www.raspberrypi.org/
Author Profile
1.Ms. G.Lakshmi Prasanna is pursing MTech
in Embedded System at VNR Vignana Jyothi
Institute Of Engineering & Technology,
Bachupally, Hyderabad She received her
B.Tech from DVR College Of Engineering,
Sangareddy, Hyderabad. Her interests include
Wireless sensor Network, Embedded Systems
and Industrial Automation.
2. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Somineni presently
working as assistant professor in VNR Vignana
Jyothi of Engineering &
Technology, Bachupally, Hyderabad. He
received his MTech from SV University,
Tirupati, A.P and BTech in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from SK
University, AP. He has submitted his Ph.D Thesis. He has
Published 15 Research Papers in International/National
Journals/ Conferences. His areas of interest include Low-
Power SRAM Design, Low-Power High-performance Digital
Circuit Design, VLSI Circuits Design based on CNTFETs,
Embedded Systems, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
3. Dr. C.D Naidu presently working as Principal
in V.N.R Vignana Jyothi Of Engineering &Technology,
Bachupally, Hyderabad. He received his Ph.D in E.C.E from
J.N.T.U Hyderabad, M.Tech in Instrumation & Control
Systems from S.V University, Tirupati,Andhra Pradesh,
B.Tech in E.C.E from J.N.T.U, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh.
He has published and presented many papers in International
and National Conferences and Journals.
4. Mr.D.Ramesh Reddy Presently working
as a Research Associate in Research and
consultancy centre, VNR Vignana Jyothi
Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Bachupally for ITRA-Water
Project, Hyderabad. He received his M.Tech
Degree in Embedded System at VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute
of Engineering & Technology, Bachupally, Hyderabad in
2012.B.Tech degree from Guru Nanak College Of
Engineering. His research interests include mobile operating
system and micro controllers.