PowerPoint Presentation

Water Processing Prototype Senior Design

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AbstractObjectivesTo reduce the concentrations of Estriol, Triclosan, and Sulfmerizine by a factor of 10Construct a flowing filtration system Estriol needs to be in contact with the GCB longer in order to be reduced Triclosan was significantly reduced For a 3 month filter replacement our unit costs $107 vs. $72 Brita unit Total cost of water cooler $550

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How Our Drinking Water Has Changed

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Health Risks for ContaminantsContaminantConcentration in tap waterPotential health effects due to long term exposureGoal for removalTriclosan5 ppbAffects the endocrine system.0.5 ppbSulfamerazine5 ppbAffects the muscular system0.5 ppb

Estriol0.1 ppbGallbladder Disease0.01 ppb

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Contaminants

Attempting to reduce our lowest containment from 0.1 ppb to 0.01 ppb0.1 ppb is quite small value To give perspective there are about 7 billion people on earth0.1 ppb is like one person out of 1.5 earths worth of peopleWe want to take that 1 person out of 1.5 earth and reduce to 1 person out of 14 earths

EstriolSulfamerizine

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Graphitized Carbon BlackHigh Surface area due to porous nature Affinity for ring structuresGCB is hydrophobicLow necessary residence time to adsorb contaminant

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Sample Preparation Solid contaminants2-6 mg of contaminant weighed to be put into solution Dissolved in organic solventEthyl AcetateDiluted in Distillata Bringing concentration to the 1-10 ppm rangeFurther dilutions were made to reach necessary concentrations

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Prototype Design

A Water Cooler systemProsGravity DrivenEasily ReplacedIsolated UnitEasily tested

ConsSeparate Unit

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB72N3uYoMU Prototype Operation

Flow rate of 3 Liters per minute Valve Operation for ControlTank level has little to no effect on flowrateThe chemistry takes place in a small volume

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Measuring Our SamplesCurrently using mass spectrometry in Dr. Sandlers lab to create a In order to prepare samples they must be extracted from the water and concentratedUsed Ethyl Acetate to extract contaminants from samplesWe assumed 100% extraction of contaminants to solvent

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Measuring Our SamplesFollowing the Extraction we then used a Rotary Evaporator to further concentrate our samples

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Testing MethodsMass SpectrometryCleveland State Chemistry DepartmentGEO AnalyticalSolid Phase ExtractionELISA Assay Kit

ELISA Assay Kit

Mass Spectrometry

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Results

+ Tri-Methyl-Silane (TMS)

10 PPB Estriol

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Results

+ Tri-Methyl-Silane (TMS)

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Results

Results

Triclosan Dilution Sample5ppb+ Tri-Methyl-Silane (TMS)

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ResultsTriclosan Reduced

+ Tri-Methyl-Silane (TMS)

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Results

GS Chromatogram

Mass Spectrum

+ Tri-Methyl-Silane (TMS)

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Results

.1 ppb1 ppb5 ppb10 ppb15 ppb20 ppb

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Global Population Using Safer Drinking Water

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Market Data $2.95 billion spent on water filtration systems in 201546% on Reverse Osmosis water purifiers 29% on Gravity-based water purifiers25% on Ultraviolet water purifiers

RO water purifierGravity-based water purifier UV water purifier

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Price Range of Water Purifiers Reverse Osmosis Water Purifiers$160.00 - $540.00Companies: Littlewell, 3M, APEC and GEGravity-Based Water Purifiers$10.00 - $310.00Companies: Brita, Berkey and AquaceraUltraviolet Water Purifiers$140.00 - $580.00Companies: Watts, APEC and 3M

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Business CaseProductPriceEstrogensPesticidesTaste/OdorG3 Bottleless Water Cooler$405.00Sharp Ultrafiltration Water Cooler$610.00MOJO Frost $399.99Our System$550.00

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Product Life CycleA typical water cooler lasts 5-7 yearsThe filters would need to be replaced every 3 months$107 for filter replacementThe compressor typically lasts 3-5 yearsFor future design to provide cold water

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Conclusions In a flowing system, we did not achieve the desired Estriol absorption Triclosan was significantly reduced For a 3 month filter replacement our unit costs $107 vs. $72 Brita unit Total cost of water cooler $550

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Recommendations Determine if there is any channeling occurring in the filters Find a better way to encapsulate the GCB Run tests with a lower water flowrate Determine when leeching in filter will occur Use glass storage containers for samples Fund a chemist to find derivatizations of Sulfamerazine

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Acknowledgments Thank you to Parker Hannifin Corporation Also we would like to thank Dr. KovachDr. ThrashDr. SandlersDr. BoydDr. MasnoviDr. Belovich

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