Water Purification

Presentation to Emerging Technologies CommitteeUS Chamber of CommerceOctober 2007

Ian BarbourGeneral ManagerDow Water Solutions

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“When the well is dry, we learn the worth of water.”

Benjamin Franklin

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• 75% of the world’s surface is water

• Only 3% of all water on earth is fresh water 2/3 icecaps/glaciers 1/3 ground/surface

water

• 41% of the Earth’s population (2.3 billion) live in water-stressed areas; 3.5 billion by 2025

• 1.2 billion people live without clean, piped water (WHO)

• 2.5 billion live without basic sanitation

• 10 million die annually from waterborne disease

Freshwater statistics

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“If we could produce fresh water from salt

water at a low cost, that would indeed be a

great service to humanity, and would dwarf

any other scientific accomplishment.”

John F. Kennedy, 196235th President of the United States

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Cost of producing potable water

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

1980 1990 2000 2001

Israel

2002

Singapore

US$/acre-ft

$0.40

$0.81

$1.21

$1.62

$2.03

$2.43

US$/m3

$1.53

$3.07

$4.60

$6.14

$7.67

$9.20

US$/kgal

Used with permission of the Affordable Desalination Coalition

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Affordable desalination

Ashkelon, Israel

330,000 cubic meters per day – 82 Olympic sized swimming pools

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Filtration spectrum

Ionic Range Molecular Range Macro Molecular Range Micro Particle Range Macro Particle Range

Dissolved Organics

Viruses

Metal Ions Latex / Emulsions

Bacteria

Colloids

Algae

Giardia

Human Hair

Insecticides

Soluble Salts

Antibiotics

Endotoxins/Pyrogens

Crypto

0.0001

Reverse Osmosis Microfiltration

Nanofiltration

Ultrafiltration

IX

Electrodeionization

0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10100

1 10 100 1000 104 105 106

Micrometers (Log Scale)

Angstrom Units (Log Scale)

Particle Filtration

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Membrane technologies

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes will remove most dissolved organic and inorganic salts and compounds, pathogens, virus etc.

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes can be used to selectively remove organics such as color and pesticides whilst allowing some passage of desirable inorganic salts (Mery sur Oise)

Ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF) membranes can be used to remove particles, cryptospiridium, higher molecular weight organics

Any of the above can be used in series or in parallel

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Large UF system

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Rest of the system

Reverse Osmosis Electro-deionization

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Waste water recovery

• Location: Singapore

• Purpose: Supply low

cost, high-grade

industrial water from

tertiary-treated waste

water

• Comparative

Performance: 86%

recovery of waste

water in Singapore

is now an industry

benchmark

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Chl

orin

e

Coa

gula

nt F

eCl

3

MMFPolishing

Filter

Intake Pond Filtered Water Tank

Cartridge Filter

RO Unit

Draw Back Tank

High Pressure Pump

SB

S

Dis

infe

ctio

n

Lime

pH Adjust

Distribution

Energy Recovery Device (ERD)

Chl

orin

e

Coa

gula

nt F

eCl

3

MMFPolishing

Filter

Intake Pond Filtered Water Tank

Cartridge Filter

RO Unit

Draw Back Tank

High Pressure Pump

SB

S

Dis

infe

ctio

n

Lime

pH Adjust

Distribution

Energy Recovery Device (ERD)

Intake System Pretreatment System RO System Post-treatment

Mix BW with SW

Bio-filter

Boron Resin

NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid

Large Diameter RO ElementsCo-location Power Station

High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS)DAFIntermittent Chlorination

High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO ElementsSubmerged MF/UFInfiltration Intake

High Efficiency ERD MF/UFBeach Well

Mix BW with SW

Bio-filter

Boron Resin

NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid

Large Diameter RO ElementsCo-location Power Station

High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS)DAFIntermittent Chlorination

High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO ElementsSubmerged MF/UFInfiltration Intake

High Efficiency ERD MF/UFBeach Well

On-going Activities to Reduce Costs

ERD: Energy Recovery Devices DAF: Dissolved Air Flotation BCS: Brine Conversion System

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Challenges and Solutions

Increasing energy costs

Environmental footprintGlobal warming – greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plantsBrine concentrate management

Sustainable energy (wind, solar)

Zero liquid discharge technologies

Conservation and re-use

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Membrane Technologies

Are increasingly used in locations that have access to sources of saline, polluted or other non potable waterAre used in industrialized regions to raise water quality to public demandsAre used in large centralized plants, small community plants and in individual homesWill enable wide spread use of waste water recyclingAre used in emergency relief where normal supplies are compromisedRO can be co-located with power plants to provide “base load” where load factors varyAre used to re-charge depleted aquifers to provide storage and strategic reserves

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Dow Water Solutions

ADSORBSIA™ Arsenic Removal Media

DOWEX™ Ion Exchange Resins

FILMTEC™ Membranes

OMEXELL™ Electrodeionization

OMEXELL™ Ultrafiltration

www.dowwatersolutions.com

Senior Leaders Meeting - June 2007

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