Water Properties Surface Tension Viscosity Changes in State.
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Transcript of Water Properties Surface Tension Viscosity Changes in State.
Water• Properties
– Surface Tension
– Viscosity
– Changes in State
Temperature
• High Specific heat of water allows it to absorb or lose lots of heat without changing temperature much
• Most important factor governing life processes and the distribution of organisms
Temperature
• SST (Sea Surface Temperature) varies with latitude and ranges between -1.9 º - 40 º C
Temperature
• Surface Mixed Layer (Redish Color): water layer of almost uniform temperature caused by mixing from wind and waves
• Thermocline (Green): area where temperature changes rapidly with depth
• Deep Ocean (Blue): gradual temperature change (water temp between 0 - 4 º C)
Temperature
• Depth profile of temperature from South to North in Atlantic Ocean
Temperature
• SST can be used to designate biogeographic zones• Organisms adapted to specific temp ranges
– Ectotherm– Endotherm
Salinity• Weight (grams) of inorganic salts dissolved in 1 kg of
water– Units are ‰ or psu (Practical Salinity Units)
Salinity• Where do Salts come from?
Salinity
Salinity
• What impacts salinity in the oceans?
• Ocean Salinity ranges between 32 - 38 psu (34.7 psu average)
Salinity
Salinity Profile of the Atlantic Ocean
Salinity• Why do we care about salinity as biologists?
– Salinity will impact the salt content inside organisms bodies
– Affects the buoyancy of pelagic organisms
– Partly impacts the density of water
Salinity
Diffusion: molecules tend to migrate away from regions of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations
Salinity
Osmosis: movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from areas of low salt content to areas ofhigh salt content
• Osmoconformer• Osmoregulator
Salinity