Water Pollution Control and management in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

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Water Pollution Control and management in the Bohai Ring

Megalopolis Dr. Lei Kun

Email: [email protected] Research Academy of

Environmental Sciences 2012.5 Munich

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MEGACITIES

Contents

Background1

Environmental status2

Pollutants discharge3

Environmental Challenges4

Countermeasures/Suggestions5

The regional economic development regime of China

Background

Eastern Coasts

CentralRegion

Western Region

Northeast China

The regional economic development regime of

China

Eastern Coasts

CentralRegion

Western Region

Northeast China

Continue to promote the development of the western region

revitalize northeast China and other old industrial bases promote the central region, encourage the eastern region to lead the development with

reasonable regional industrial structure, obvious features, To promote the common development of all regions

1. The Tumen River Area Development Plan

2. Liaoning Province coastal economic zone development

plan

3. Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone

development plan

4. Tianjin Binhai New Area comprehensive reform pilot

program

5. Hebei coastal economic development planning

6. Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development

Plan

7. Jiangsu coastal development planning

8. Shanghai international financial center and international

shipping center Development Plan

9. Zhejiang Marine economic development planning

10. The Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone Development

Plan

11. Comprehensive experimental zone of the Guangdong

Ocean and economic development planning

12. Pearl River Delta region reform and development plan

13. Hengqin overall development plan

14. Hainan International Tourism Island Development Plan

Liaoning Province

Beijing

Tianjin

JinanShandong Province

Hebei Province

1. Liaoning Province coastal economic zone development plan

2. Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone development plan

3. Hebei coastal economic development planning

4. Tianjin Binhai New Area comprehensive reform pilot program

5. Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development Plan

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4.9%

22.2%

36.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

面积人口 GDP

11 Provinces,52 coastal cities.

The total area is 1.2809 million

km2,13.34% of the land area 42% of the total population in 2010 56% of national GDP

Area Population

Background

General Situation of the the Bohai Ring Megalopolis


Liaoning Province, Hebei

Province, Shandong Province

and Tianjin City In 2010, the total population of

about 66 million, accounting for

4.94%. Urbanization rate is 60.7%. GDP: 3.1 trillion China Yuan,

accounting for 9.04

Background

The important production base of

Oil, steel, chemical, shipbuilding. In 2007, domestic production

accounts for 1/7; Crude oil production accounts for

1/3 Industrial structure featured by

petroleum, chemical, metallurgy,

and other heavy industries

The features of industry development around the Bohai Sea


Heavy industry

Light industry

Background

In the past 10 years, the national planning recognized the Bohai Ring region as one

of the key industrial development areas of China, establish a development regime

with “One axis, One core, Two wings, Four hot spots”.


The features of industry development in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

Background

Liaoning Province

Shandong Province

Beijing

Tianjin

Hebei Province

• One axis• One core• Two wings• Four hot

spots

Bohai Sea

The Coastal areas of the Bohai Sea have very high ecological value


Snake Island LaotieshanDalian harbor sealChengshan seaside landformsShuangtaihekouJinzhou Beacon Hill national marine Special Area for

ConservationChangli Gold CoastAncient coastal and wetlandsThe Binzhou chenier island and the wetlandsShandong Dongying national estuarine shallow water shellfish

ecology of special marine protected areasDongying Lijin benthic fish ecology national special marine

protected areasDongying the Guangrao the Nereis class eco-national marine

Special Area for ConservationDongying Yellow River estuary national special marine

protected areasYellow River DeltaSpecially Protected Areas, Dongying,

Shandong Laizhou Bay Razor Shell Eco national marineShandong Changyi national marine ecology Specially

Protected AreasShandong Longkou yellow water estuarine marine ecosystem

national special marine protected areas

National nature reserve

Marine Special Reserve Area

Background

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About 54 rivers into Bohai

Sea, distributed in the Haihe

River, the Yellow River, and

Liaohe River

Liaohe River Basin

Yellow River Basin

Haihe River Basin

Environmental Status

Environmental Status The water quality of river entering into

the Bohai Sea

In 2010, the standard-reaching rate of the water quality in the river section: 43.4%

water quality categoriesYea

r I Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Inferior to V

2006 0 3 4 6 7 18

2007 0 0 1 6 11 28

2008 0 2 4 7 4 32

2009 0 3 4 5 10 28

2010 0 0 9 4 7 28

The water quality of the river section closed to the Bohai sea

River Water Quality of rivers

劣四类海水14. 3%

四类海水10. 2%

三类海水20. 4% 二类海水

24. 5%

一类海水30. 6%

The water quality is of good condition

in the central area seriously polluted waters are mainly

distributed in the bottom of the

Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay. the main pollutants are inorganic

nitrogen, phosphate and oil.

Environmental Status Environmental

status in the coastal areas

Year Season Area(Km2)

area percent (%)

2008spring 19000 25

summer 14700 20

2009 yearly 17900 23

2010 yearly 15230 19

The eutrophication area mainly

distributed in the estuary of the

bottom of the Liaodong Bay Bohai

Bay and Laizhou Bay .

Environmental Status Eutrophication

significantly decrease trend in the past 50 years.

Interannual variability of freshwater flowing into the Bohai Sea.

Total amount of fresh water


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Coastal Ecological status

Six typical ecological

systems: 5 are Sub-healthy

and 1 is ill-healthy state.The main environmental

problems are environmental

pollution, habitat loss and

salinity rise, etc.


年）The coastal landscape variation of Bohai Bay (1954-

2007 ）

Coastal wetland degradation


Coastal wetland degradation

02000400060008000

1000012000

海域无植被滩地陆地水域草地林地坑塘农田建设用地

195420002008

km2面积（）

Sea Areas Construction LandFarmlandPontsWoodlandGrassLand

watersNone vegetation Beach


Pollutants Discharge

Sewage discharge


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t ）

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itrog

en（

t ）

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TN（

t ）

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P （t ）

The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP emissions of 13 cities around Bohai Sea

Pollutant sources structure

Pollutant sources structure

The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP emissions of 13 cities around Bohai Sea

Emission Rates of Industrial Pollutants

The seven industry with large emissions : papermaking, petroleum, chemical industry, steel, equipment manufacturing, textile, food Production;


Emission Rates of Industrial Pollutants

The main emissions industries of COD are papermaking, food processing and chemical industry.

The main emissions industries of ammonia nitrogen are chemical industry, petroleum and

food processing .


In 2020, The Bohai Ring areas

plan to increase 3370 Km2 of

new construction land area ,

which is 35% beyond the built-

up land area, which leads to the

increase of reclamation projects,

and the more intensified

ecological vulnerability in the

coastal zone.Reclamation Areas

Environmental Challengesof the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

The pressure of Coastal areas of land resources will be increasing


water environment pressure will be increasing

The construction of large industry bases around the coastal zone makes

the offshore areas are faced with further intensified pollution pressure.

with the rapidly expanding industrial areas, the important eco-function areas are faced with pressure, the coastal ecological vulnerability is increased, and the ecological system is under threat.

The rapid development of heavy industry and sea transportation lead to the marine ecological risks raised


water resources consumption will be increasing

With the scale expansion of the heavy industries, water consumption will

continue to increase

The Bohai Ring areas plays a very important and strategic

role in China’s economic development. Meanwhile, It is

also an important area for ecological pattern of China.

How to deal with relationship between the industrial

development and environmental protection in the Bohai

Ring area is the strategic issues related to the sustainable

development of the Bohai Ring area.

Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures

Strategy overview

Optimization of industrial structures, and control the pollutant discharge

Controlling of the coastal ecosystem health deteriorating, maintaining

the Bohai Sea ecological functions

Improving the offshore environmental regulatory capacity and the

environmental pollution incident emergency response capacity


Optimization of key industrial structures, and control the pollutant discharge


Industrial optimization and upgrading, and gradually reverse the

heavy industrial model of development, reduce the proportion

of heavy and chemical industries.

Concentrated development of Key industry

Steel, petroleum chemical industry, equipment manufacturing,

and energy

Implementation of the integrated watershed –coastal area environmental management


Improve the coastal area town environmental infrastructure construction and operation efficiency

The coastal cities make further efforts on "controlling the source and emission reduction", strengthen the land pollution prevention

Total amount control target

Indexes Control Objectives in 2015

Discharge in 2010

Reduce proportion

COD(104t) 506.5 73.7 12.7%

Ammonia Nitrogen (104t) 57.8 9.4 14.0%

TN(104t) 148.5 12.1 7.5%TN(104t) 14.6 1.2 7.7%


Focus on the pollution prevention of the coastal economic development hot spots area

Strictly implement main industries access standard, reduce

emissions intensity of industrial pollution


Industry Regional average The national average in 2007Petroleum 0.47 0.53

Steel 0.16 0.61Papermaking 53.68 40

Equipment manufacturing 0.14 0.28

Chemical industry 2.1 2.6Food processing 4.05 7.19

Textile 1.6 5.2

Industry Regional average The national average in 2007Petroleum 0.08 0.06

Steel 0.003 0.051Papermaking 0.15 0.76Equipment

manufacturing 0.004 0.02

Chemical industry 0.19 0.52Food processing 0.18 0.3

Textile 0.03 0.25

The COD and ammonia nitrogen emissions intensity of key industries around Bohai Sea region in 2007 （ kg/ ten-thousand-yuan output value ）


Development of the ecological industrial park and the recycling

economy demonstration park in the coastal economic hot spots Developing circular economy and promoting clean production Strengthen the coastal environmental risk control in large and

medium-sized enterprises

Focus on the pollution prevention of the coastal economic development hot spots area


Gradually restore damaged offshore ecological system

The freshwater gradually to increase ， no less 30 billion

m3 Natural coastline of proportion no less 65% Nature reserve area is not less. Ecological recovery area Ecological shelter forest area


Enhance the offshore environmental monitoring capacity Establish the offshore environmental early warning system Strengthen the ability of offshore environment risk prevention

and emergency response system Strengthen the offshore environmental management

Constructe the land-sea environmental monitoring system, the integration of early warning and emergency response system, and strengthen the offshore area environment management and risk control ability


Water Pollution Control and management in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

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