Water Pollution 1 Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh.

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

1

Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh

Water Pollution

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Water Pollution


Contents

1. Introduction

2. What is Water Pollution

3. Wastewater’s Impact on Water Pollution

4. Reducing Water Pollution through Wastewater Recycling and through efficient Wastewater Management

5. Further Causes of global Water Pollution

6. Responses to Water Pollution

7. References

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Water Pollution


Water – Essential for Life

• Water is essential for all aspects of life and the defining feature of our planet.

• Pollution from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater is making water resources, both surface water and groundwater, increasingly scarce and decreasingly poor in quality. (DOPP n.y.)

• In some regions of the world, rivers and seas have become polluted in a way that the ecosystems and the health of plants, animals, and humans are heavily threatened.

The Global Water Crisis

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1. Introduction

Source: http://daughterearth.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/waterDrop1.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2011]

Water Pollution


The Global Water Crisis

Drivers

• Population growth

• Urbanisation

• Industrialisation

• Increasing and expanding food production

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1. Introduction

}Pressure on water resourcesIncrease of the unregulated or illegal discharge of contaminated water within and beyond national borders (CORCORAN et al.

2010)

Water Pollution


Just because you can’t see it doesn’t mean it isn’t there

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1. Introduction

Source: http://gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/ocean-plastic.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2011]

Water Pollution


Definition and Sources

• Water pollution occurs when materials like• Nutrients (Phosphorus, Nitrogen, etc.) • Organic matter (Carbon)• Acids, Toxics, Oil• Plastics• Etc.

are released in to the natural environment, degrading the quality of the water for other users. Water pollution includes all of the waste materials that cannot be naturally broken down by water.

• Pollution can be caused by nature itself, such as when water flows through soils with high acidities. But much more often, human actions are responsible for the pollutants that enter the water.

• Main source of water pollution: Wastewater!

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2. What is Water Pollution?

Water Pollution


Facts about Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment

• Every day, 2 million tons of sewage, industrial and agricultural waste are released into the world’s water system. (PACIFIC INSTITUTE 2010)

• Up to 90% of the world’s wastewater (domestic, industrial and agricultural) in coastal zones is released untreated (CORCORAN et

al. 2010)

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Source: CORCORAN et al. (2010)

Water Pollution


Consequences of Water Pollution due to Wastewater

•Decrease of biodiversity, natural resilience and the capacity of the planet to provide ecosystem services.

•Severe health issues for local population

•Threat of access to safe drinking water

•Pollution of coastal ecosystems and hence diminishing yields of fisheries

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Water Pollution


Further Implications

• Contaminated water due to inadequate wastewater management

is one of the main restrictions to development. increases poverty due to high resulting costs for health

care

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Source: CORCORAN et al. (2010)

Water Pollution


Through efficient Wastewater Management

• Today, most infrastructure regarding sanitation lacks of adequate maintenance and is, hence, in a poor condition.

• Instead of the construction of conventional wastewater treatment facilities, a smart and innovative wastewater management can improve the livelihood of people in developing countries substantially and in a sustainable way.

• Thinking in cycles rather than in linear processes

‘Cradle to Cradle’

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4. Reducing Water Pollution

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Water Pollution


An Example of a Wastewater Management Intrument: RecyclingFor many purposes, water can be reused rather than ‘disposed’

Example: Wastewater reuse in agricultural production

• The use of contaminated water in agriculture for irrigation and fertilising purposes can be managed through the implementation of various barriers which reduce the risk to both crop viability and human health.

• Particularly in arid and semiarid regions and urban areas where unpolluted water is a scarce resource, irrigation using wastewater is rather common: 10% of the world’s population relies on food grown with contaminated waste water. (CORCORAN et al. 2010)

Advantages:•Alternative fertiliser for food production. Improvement of livelihood.•Reduction of water pollution

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4. Reducing Water Pollution

Water Pollution


Water Pollution is mainly but not only about Wastewater

Besides wastewater, many other factors contribute to the global water pollution:

•Industrial waste

•Marine dumping

•Oil pollution

•Radioactive waste

•Underground storage leakages

•Global Warming

•Atmospheric deposition

•Eutrophication

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Water Pollution


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Marine dumping

Eutrophication Oil spill

Water Pollution


Strategies

Effective wastewater management can include:Technical measures, Legal instruments, Economic instruments and Co-operation among stakeholders from different sectors and levels

Paradigm shift

Single sector approaches such as wastewater treatment or river basin management are limited in their actions. To save and recycle water, regain resources and to protect aquatic ecosystems, the whole water cycle needs to be taken into account in an integrated, holistic way.

Successful and sustainable management of wastewater requires a cocktail of innovative approaches that engage the public and private sector at local, national and transboundary scales.Planning processes should provide an enabling environment for innovation, particularly at the community level.

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Water Pollution


Integrated, holistic Approach

Consider wastewater as a resource!

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Water Pollution


CORCORAN, E. (Editor); NELLEMANN, C. (Editor); BAKER, E. (Editor); BOS, R. (Editor); OSBORN, D. (Editor); SAVELLI, H. (Editor) (2010): Sick Water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UN-HABITAT, GRID-Arendal. http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/sickwater/SickWater_screen.pdf [Accessed: 26.01.2012].

DOPP (Editor) (n.y.): TED Analysis Cases. Sea Water Pollution - Cases Analysis. Washington: American University. http://www1.american.edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xseap17.htm [Accessed: 26.01.2012].

PACIFIC INSTITUTE (Editor) (2010): World Water Quality Facts And Statistics. Oakland: Pacific Institute. http://www.pacinst.org/reports/water_quality/water_quality_facts_and_stats.pdf [Accessed: 26.01.2012].

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7. References

Water Pollution 18

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”

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Water Pollution 1 Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh.

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