GEO-STATISTICS logistic for practice Daniel SCRADEANU

WATER-LIFE-STRATEGY

The main targets of the proposed applications are the following:

• learning the methodology for the assessment of spatial distribution for qualitative and quantitative

characteristics;

• writing a complete article for geostatistical evaluation.

Contents

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1. Data .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3

2. Guide for processing and editing ................................................................................................................................. 3

3. About the explanatory text .......................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Reference cage dimensions ......................................................................................................................................... 4

O(0,0)

400 km

Fig.2: Dimensions of the reference cage

X

Y

600 km

GEO-STATISTICS logistic for practice Daniel SCRADEANU

Introduction GEO-STATISTICS has the tools necessary for the topo-probabilistic evaluation of the WATER, LIFE and any

STRATEGY to use natural resources. The three proposed applications will illustrate the potential of geo-statistics and

its wide applicability (Fig.1):

WATER LIFE STRATEGY

WATER, the essence of life, falls from the sky and by using its potential energy (CNP), it flows in local and regional

hydro-structures (HL and HR, respectively), for the "thirsty" people:

• http://www.ahgr.ro/proiecte/protejati-apa-esenta-vietii-tuturor-speciilor-pe-terra!.aspx

• http://www.ahgr.ro/specialisti/daniel-scradeanu.aspx

LIFE develops specifically in certain bioregions in space (BA, BC, BPA, BS, BPO) depending on climatic (TA) and

geological conditions:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoregion

• https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_siturilor_Natura_2000_%C3%AEn_Rom%C3%A2nia

The STRATEGY we choose (BEX, BEY, BEZ) to use the natural resources and to preserve the environment, may

ensure prosperity or lead to poverty (RS):

• https://www.activenews.ro/prima-pagina/HARTA-SARACIEI-in-Romania-Gradul-de-saracie-si-de-excluziune-

sociala-a-ajuns-la-42-din-populatie-13825

• https://www.mediafax.ro/social/statistica-alarmanta-o-treime-din-populatia-romaniei-este-expusa-riscului-

de-saracie-si-excluziune-sociala-17359142

Sorted as qualitative and quantitative variables, the data for the three themes (Table 1) is obtained from a network of

observation points randomly distributed throughout the surface of ROMANIA. The data is randomly generated in

accordance with the subject of each type of application.

Table 1. Data categories for the three applications

Application QUALITATIVE variables Alphanumeric values

QUANTITATIVE variables Units of measurement

WATER Type of HYDROSTRUCTURE

• Local : HL

• Regional: HR

Piezometric Level (CNP)

Unit of measurement: [m]

Coordinates: X, Y

Unit of measurement: [km]

LIFE

Ecological regions:

• Alpine: BA

• Continental: BC

• Pannonian: BPA

• Stepic: BS

• Pontic: BPO

Air temperature (TA)

Unit of measurement: [0C]

Coordinates: X, Y

Unit of measurement: [km]

STRATEGY Type of strategy:

• Strategy X: BEX

• Strategy Y: BEY

• Strategy Z: BEZ

Poverty risk (RS)

Unit of measurement: [%]

Coordinates: X, Y

Unit of measurement: [km]

Fig.1: Hydrogeological map Ecological regions Risk of poverty

ROMÂNIA ROMÂNIA ROMÂNIA

(0,0)

(600,400)

GEO-STATISTICS logistic for practice Daniel SCRADEANU

1. Data The data used for the applications is the following:

• One excel file containing two sheets: o Sheet 1: qualitative variables, containing:

� Coordinates of the monitoring network: X, Y

� Values for the qualitative variables

o Sheet 2: quantitative variables, containing:

� Coordinates of the monitoring network: X, Y

� Values for the quantitative variables

• Three files Portable Graphics Network (PNG): o Hydrogeological map of Romania, for application WATER

o Map of Ecological regions in Romania, for application LIFE

o Map of poverty risk in Romania, for application STRATEGY

2. Guide for processing and editing INTRODUCTIONS

• The main objectives of the applications:

o Spatial distribution assessment of the qualitative variables

o Spatial distribution assessment of the quantitative variables

• Goals for each stage of processing

o Global Variability Analysis

o Analysis of Spatial Variability

o Spatial distribution assessment of the variable values

o Spatial distribution assessment of the interpolation errors

1. DATABASE

a. Tables with the values to be processed:

i. Table with values of the qualitative variables

ii. Table with values of the quantitative variables

b. Point maps for monitoring networks

i. Point map for qualitative monitoring network

ii. Point map for quantitative monitoring network

2. PROCESSING QUALITATIVE VARIABLE a. Global Variability Analysis

i. Nominal histogram

b. Analysis of Spatial Variability

i. Indicator Experimental Variogram for each qualitative value (IEV)

1. IEV for the first qualitative value

2. IEV for the second qualitative value

3. etc.

ii. Model for each Indicator Experimental Variogram (MIEV)

1. MIEV for the first qualitative value

2. MIEV for the first qualitative value

3. etc.

c. Assessment of spatial distribution for qualitative values

i. Probability contour map for each qualitative value (PCM)

1. PCM for the first qualitative value

2. PCM for the second qualitative value

3. etc.

ii. Probability contour map for all qualitative values (PCMA)

1. PCMA for 50%<Probability <100%

2. PCMA for 70%< Probability <100%

GEO-STATISTICS logistic for practice Daniel SCRADEANU 3. PROCESSING QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE

a. Global Variability Analysis (assumed risk: %10=α )

i. Descriptive statistics for the variability of the values

ii. Chi-squared test

iii. The most probable values for the quantitative variables

1. Mean

2. Confidence level of mean for %10=α

b. Analysis of Spatial Variability

i. Experimental variogram for quantitative variables

ii. Model for the experimental variogram for quantitative variables

c. Assessment of spatial distribution for quantitative values

i. Contour map for quantitative variable

ii. Contour map for Kriging Standard Deviation.

CONCLUSIONS

• Study on the qualitative variables:

o The effect of spatial distribution of investigation points on the nominal histogram

o The correlation between the density of the investigation points and the Kriging Standard Deviation

• Study on the quantitative variables:

o The effect of probability distribution of values (symmetrical/asymmetrical) on kriging estimation

o The degree of coverage with spatially structured information of the investigated area

3. About the explanatory text Each application has three components:

• Processing methodology: must be briefly presented using the formulas used in each step of data

processing;

• Results: with the mandatory graphic components specified in the Guide for processing and editing;

• Interpretation of results: strongly correlated with estimation errors.

4. Reference cage dimensions Dimensions for reference cage for all resulting contour maps are (Fig.2.):

• Xmin= 0 Km

• Xmax= 600 km

• Ymin= 0 Km

• Ymax= 400 Km

All points of the monitoring network are located within the contour of Romania and the recommended sequence

for creating the maps inside the reference cage is:

• Base Map using each of the three PNG files;

• Georeferencing the base maps within the cage: [(0,0); (600,400)]

• Point maps for the two monitoring networks:

o Monitoring network for qualitative variables

o Monitoring network for quantitative variables

• Contour maps for all qualitative variables

o Probability contour map

o KSD contour map

• Contour maps for quantitative variables

o Contour map of values

o KSD contour map

• Overlaying all maps in the same reference cage: [(0.0); (600,400)]

NOTE. In order to have all contour lines within the boundary of Romania, it is necessary to blank the grids in

order to delete the interpolation areas which exceed the boundary of Romania.