Water-Food-Energy: well-being indicators for a better quality of life - Fabiola Riccardini
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Transcript of Water-Food-Energy: well-being indicators for a better quality of life - Fabiola Riccardini
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Water-Food-Energy Nexus: well-being indicators for a better quality of life
Fabiola RiccardiniOECD, Expert Workshop on Decision Support Tools for Policy Dialogues
on the W/E/F Nexus in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central AsiaParis, 2-3 June 2015
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Table of contents
research purpose water energy food security the nexus in the SDGs process nexus approach vs well-being some features from Italy conclusions
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INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH PURPOSE (the related paper is publishing):
to investigate on the linkages between the W/F/E Nexus and well-being
to look at the BES (benessere equo e sostenibile) domains and figure out the possible links to food-energy-water security defining rooms for policy (drivers) and to identify the direct and indirect impacts on well-being
To contribute at the UN-SDGs Indicators Debate
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WATER ENERGY FOOD SECURITY
Despite the progress the international community has done thanks to the Millennium Development Goals, according to the World Bank, 1.2 billion still lack access to electricity, at least 748 million are without access to clean, safe drinking water and 870 million are malnourished.
The feature is even worse looking at the UN global projections for which world population is expected to reach 9.5 billion people by 2050. In this context of demographic pressure the demand of natural resources is supposed to grow exponentially and accordingly the competition among these is expected to burden.
IMPORTANCE OF THE NEXUS APPROACH
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THE NEXUS APPROACH WITHIN THE SDG’S
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
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THE NEXUS APPROACH WITHIN THE SDG’STARGETSGoal 22,3 By 2030 double the agricultural productivity and the incomes of small-scale food producers, particularly women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets, and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.2,4 By 2030 ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaption to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters, and that progressively improve land and soil quality.Goal 66,1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.6,2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations6,4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity, and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.6,5 By 2030 implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.Goal 7 7,1 By 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services7,3 Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030Goal 1212,2 By 2030 achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources12,3 By 2030 halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer level, and reduce food losses along production and supply chains including post-harvest losses.12,4 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.12,5 Encourage companies, especially large and trans-national companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainabilityinformation into their reporting cycle.12,6 By 2030 ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
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NEXUS Vs WELL-BEING
The aim of this work was to investigate on the linkages between the Nexus and well-being. In particular the Nexus will be framed within the Italian BES (Benessere equo e sostenibile).
As Part of the international debate on "Gdp and beyond“ The BES Project is aimed to measure equitable and sustainable well-being
The central idea is that economic parameters alone are inadequate to evaluate the progress of societies and should be complemented by social and environmental information and by measures of inequality and sustainability
12 domains of wellbeing
Annual Reports 2013 and 2014, next Sept 2015
Website: http://www.misuredelbenessere.it/
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Key domains for the Italian BES
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NEXUS Vs WELL-BEING : THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
Barilla Double Pyramid : what is good for you is good for your planet
In 2003 the Italian INRAN in
collaboration with the WHO advised
for an healthy life habit:
• A greater consumption of cereals,
fruit and vegetables
• A limited consumption of sugar,
fat and sweets
• lot of water every day
• A pinch of salt
In 2010 BcFN proposed the
Environmental Pyramid together
with the food Pyramid. They
compute the environmental impact
using ecological footprint and water footprint.
Still looking at official statistics
material flows is a better
approximation of environmental impacts
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NEXUS Vs WELL-BEING : THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
The nexus framed through the BES domains
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NEXUS Vs WELL-BEING : THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
The nexus framed through the BES domains and indicators
Direct impact Environment
and Landscape
Direct impact
Health
Quasi-direct impacts
Labor
Economic wellbeing
social relations
Safety
Subjective well-being
DRIVERS
Politics and Institutions
Quality of services
Education
Research and Innovation
Healthy life expectancy
Physical component summary
Life style: nutrition
Overweight
Drinkable water Material flows Erosion of rural area for
abandonment urban sprawl Quality assessment of
Regional programmers for rural development
Regularity in water supply and electrification
recycling rate Food education Ending waste and
reuse educations Smallholders
agriculture Technologies for
resource efficiency
Satisfaction with family and friends relations
Life satisfaction
employment Disposable income deprivation
N
E
X
U
S
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NEXUS Vs WELL-BEING : an interlinkages analysis over the SDG’s goals and targets
DRIVERS
Politics and Institutions
Quality of services
Education
Research and Innovation
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
N
E
X
U
S
6,5
6,1 6,2 7,1
6,4 7,2
12,4 12,6
12,5 12,3
12,2
2,3 2,4
Direct impact Environment
and Landscape
Direct impact
Health
Quasi-direct impacts
Labor
Economic wellbeing
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Drivers
DRIVERS
Politica e istituzioni
qualità dei servizi
Istruzione
Ricerca e Innovazione
Education• Food education and
“ending waste” policies
• Promote the culture of recycling
Research and Innovation • Improve resources
efficiency through technology
Politics and Institutions• Promotion of
smallholders agriculture and more safty agriculture as a means of sustainable agriculture
Quality of services • Guarantee the regularity of
the Public Utilities services( e.g. water supply and electricity power distribution)
• Waste differentiation and reduction of waste
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Some features from Italy: food Pyramid
pane pastacarni bianche
fruttacarni bovine
lattepesce
uovaverdure
dolci carne maiale
ortaggiformaggi
84.9380.20
76.2270.81
59.1258.60
56.7450.78
48.9446.62
42.5823.69
Food habits: consumption per food kind (average 2005-2013)
Italian people consume lot of pasta, meat (white and red) a good proportion of fruit but still a too small portion of vegetables
Carne
Patate, frutta e ortaggi
Pane e cereali
Latte, formaggi e uova
Bevande
Pesce
Zucchero, caffé, thé, cacao ed altro
Olii e grassi
23.0
17.916.9
13.6
9.28.7
7.13.6
Households monthly expenditure for food and beverage average 2001-2013(percentages) Also looking at the
households monthly food expenditure, Italian families show an high meat consumption and a still low vegetables consumption
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Some features from Italy: environmental Pyramid
1998-2002 2003-2007 2008-2012
30134 30134 30134
36% 32% 32%
Land use : total area and percentage of total country are cultivated
Total area (1000 ha) % of total country area cultivated (%)
1998-2002 2003-2007
45.41
20.01
12.89
Water use : total area and percentage of total country are cultivated
Total water withdrawal (10^9 m3/year) Agricultural water withdrawal (10^9 m3/year)
Sources: FAOSTAT
19901991
19921993
19941995
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
1.50 1.70 1.90 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10
Agriculture and forestry energy use as a % of total Energy use (%)
Italy European Union
The European percentage of land use is on average 50% against the Italian 32%. While the European agriculture and forestry use is on average 2,47% against the Italian 2,37%
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Some features from Italy: Direct Impact, Health
2009 2010 2011 201240.045.050.055.060.065.070.075.080.085.090.0
Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy (years )
SPERANZA DI VITA IN BUONA SALUTE SPERANZA DI VITA
..... linea tratteggiata per le donne
Women live longer but with lower good health expectations
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201325.0
27.0
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
Overweight (percentage of people 18 years and more )
donne uomini fonte BES
Men suffer overweight more than women. According to WHO in Europe 50% of both male and female are overweight. Italy lies below this threshold with about 44% of overweighed
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Some features from Italy: Direct Impact, Landscape and Environment
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.05.0
10.015.020.025.030.035.0
Energy from renewable sources (Share of energy consumptions provided by re-
newable sources on total internal consumptions.)
Nord CentroMezzogiorno Italia fonte BES
Nord Centro Mezzogiorno
23.4 22.5
15.5
Erosion of farmland from urban sprawl (ref-erence year 2001 percentage)
fonte BES
Nord Centro Mezzogiorno
24.1 22.9
34.9
Erosion of farmland from abandonment (year 2001 percentages)
fonte BES
Farmland recovery especially for agricultural purpose are the advised policies the selected indicators should assess.
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Some features from Italy: Semi direct Impact, labor and economic well-being
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201340.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Employment rate , 2004-2013 (per-centages)
MASCHI totale FEMMINE fonte BES
19771979
19811983
19851987
19891991
19931995
19971999
20012003
20052007
20092011
05000
10000150002000025000
Number of employee broken down by economic activity, - 1977-2011 (thousands
)
AGRICOLTURA INDUSTRIA SERVIZI TOTALE
Fonte ISTAT rilevazione sulla forza lavoro
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 201211000
13000
15000
17000
19000
21000
23000
Disposable income per capita, 2004-2012
Nord Centro Mezzogiorno Italia
Looking at the number of employee per economic activities in 2011 only 3,7% were employed in agricultural activities against 28,5% in industry and 68% in the third sector.
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Conclusions
The main idea behind the proposed framework is that food sustainability can lead environmental sustainability. So an effective management over the food centered nexus strongly affect wellbeing in terms of health, environment, labor, social relations and overall satisfaction…
To this extent ad hoc policies to implement the food/environment sustainability cycle are required, in order to achieve goals for wellbeing of people (food safty beyond food security), and taking in consideration the Nature’s limits
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THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION
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