Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t...

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Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles

Transcript of Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t...

Page 1: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles

Page 2: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds
Page 3: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Also called Hydrologic cycle.

Heat from the Sun “drives” the cycle.

Page 4: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Precipitation: snow, rain, sleet, hail

Evaporation: liquid to gas (from lakes and oceans to form clouds)

Condensation: gas to liquid (water vapor in clouds increases to form rain…)

Page 5: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Water Vapor

Most comes from oceans; a major greenhouse gas.

Also comes from trees and plants from transpiration.

Page 6: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Transpiration

Loss of water vapor from the leaves of plants.

Water vapor increases to also form clouds and eventually rain.

Page 7: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Respiration

NOT respiration as in breathing.

Cellular level - when organisms break down food, water is a by-product which is released.

Page 8: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Recycles Hydrogen and Oxygen

Transfers from living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem

Page 9: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

All organic

material

contains

carbon

Page 10: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Decomposition

Recycles carbon

Decomposers (microorganisms) break down organic matter (carbon) and returns it to the environment

Page 11: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Food

Food that we eat is broken down and the carbon is stored or used to build tissues.

Also is used for energy or released as methane.

Page 12: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Combustion

Important part of the cycle.

When wood or fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is released.

Page 13: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Weathering

Rocks that contain carbon include “carbonates” such as limestone.

Weathering of limestone releases carbon.

Page 14: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Photosynthesis: CO2 sugar (C6H12O6)

Respiration: sugar (C6H12O6) CO2

Decomposition: carbon compounds returned to environment

Digestion: from food – stored in tissues or released

Combustion: burning wood or fossil fuels CO2

Weathering: breaking down some rocks like limestone releases

carbon

Page 15: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds
Page 16: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen is important for your body: a part of DNA; in amino acids which make up proteins

Page 17: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Air

About 78% of the air we breath is nitrogen but we can’t directly use this.

Nitrogen gas has to be “fixed” first.

Page 18: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen Fixation

Combining nitrogen in the air with other elements to form useful compounds.

Some microorganisms can do this; also can be done by lightning.

Page 19: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen Fixation

Can occur in some bacteria in soil.

Mostly occur in bacteria found in “nodules” on legumes (peanut, peas, alfalfa and bean plants).

Page 20: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria get food from the plants. Bacteria combine nitrogen gas with hydrogen to form ammonia and then nitrates that are used by the plants.

Page 21: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen Fixation

When we eat plants we get a usable source of nitrogen which we can use.

Denitrification: release of nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere by breakdown of nitrogen compounds and ammonia by other bacteria.

Page 22: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Lightning

Plays a minor role in the nitrogen cycle.

Intense heat of lightning causes nitrogen to combine with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Falls to Earth in rain and is absorbed by plants.

Page 23: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Nitrogen Cycle Summary

Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it

Nitrogen Fixation – microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds we can use

Animals eat plants to get nitrogen

Decomposers: break down dead organisms, return nitrogen to soil

Page 24: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds
Page 25: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Mainly held in rocks and released from weathering.

Plays a major role in plant growth.

Page 26: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Is confined only to a local ecosystem.

Is not recycled globally.

Important in body components such as DNA and in energy molecules (ATP).

A MAJOR

energy

molecule

Page 27: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Phosphorus Cycles · Nitrogen Cycle Summary Air = 78% Nitrogen, can’t use it Nitrogen Fixation –microorganisms make unusable nitrogen into compounds

Taken up by plants

Plants eaten by animals

Decomposition: returns phosphorus to soil

When removed from area, phosphorus is depleted (moving food to cities, runoff, etc.)


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