Water and wastewater audit example

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Asian Institute of Technology

School of Environment, Resources and Development

Water and Wastewater Audit in AIT(Report of the job done for the 40 hour of student assistance-ship)

By

Mr. Bishal Bhari

Submitted To:

Prof. C. Visvanathan

Asian Institute of Technology

School of Environment, Resources and Development

Environmental Engineering and Management

Thailand

April, 2013


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Table of Contents1. Data collection ......................................................................................................................... 1

2. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 1

2.1 Water consumption of different sectors of AIT ............................................................... 1

2.2 Water consumption of individual sectors .............................................................................. 2

2.3 Water consumption comparison ............................................................................................ 4

2.4 Water losses analysis for year 2013 ...................................................................................... 4

2.5 Water consumption of individual buildings .......................................................................... 5

2.6 Economic Analysis ................................................................................................................ 7

2.6.1 Water Charges ................................................................................................................ 7

2.6.2 Cost of water loss ........................................................................................................... 8

2.6.3 Per capita water cost ....................................................................................................... 92.6.4 Per capita water demand ................................................................................................. 9

2.7 Waste Water Treatment Plant Analysis .............................................................................. 10

2.8 Mass Balance....................................................................................................................... 11

3. Recommendation ................................................................................................................... 11

References ..................................................................................................................................... 12


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1.Data collectionSecondary data was collected form the following places after writing memorandum to

each of the sources:

Data Type Source

Past data of water charges Literature review from past thesis.

Water Consumption of 2013 and 2014 Sodexo

Room occupancy of dorms and staff

quarters

Sodexo

Number of staffs HRO

Number of non-residence staffs of AITIS AITIS

Number of visitors per day Security

Number of non-residence workers Security

Area of individual buildings of AIT CMO

Waste water quality and quantity WWTP

2.Data Analysis2.1Water consumption of different sectors of AIT

AIT was divided in four different sectors to determine the consumption patterns of

different sectors.

Figure 1: Water consumption of different sectors

Residential buildings and the academic buildings are the major sectors of water

consumption.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Residential Building Administration Commercial Academic building

Water Consumption (cu.m/yr)


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2.2 Water consumption of individual sectors

Data analysis of the contribution of individual sectors was done to know the macro

level contribution of different sectors

28,242

16,546

7,368

31,642

21,514

55,300

14,858

2,578

20,227

366

WATER CONSUMPTION OF RESIDENCE

(CU.M/YR)

3,430

4,018

527 4

,031

276

755

16,040

878

630

34,530

26,671

16,466

1,163

651 4

,339

1,381

2,575

747

WATER CONSUMPTION OF ACADEMIC

BUILDINGS (CU.M/YR)


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413 1

035

7272

11047

4187

157

150

WATER CONSUMPTI ON OF

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS (CU.M/YR)

3,401

1,839

123

1,477

23,487

553

429

31,8

87

WATER CONSUMPT ION OF

ADMINISTATION BUILDINGS

(CU.M/YR)

Water consumption of Administation Buildings


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2.3 Water consumption comparison

Water consumption comparisons from the past year water consumption data revealed

that the total water consumption of AIT has decreased form the past year.

Although the water consumption of AIT has decreased from the past year, water

charges has significantly increased. Out of the 15.67 million Baht water charges paid

for the year 2013, 4.6 million Baht incurred due to the water losses. However the

population of AIT has also changed to a huge extent resulting in the decrease in water

consumption.

Table 1: Estimated Population of AIT for different years

YearEstimated

Population

2002 3,340

2003 3,554

2004 3,679

2005 3,831

2013 2,403

2.4 Water losses analysis for year 2013

AIT imported total of572,007 m3 of water for the year 2013 from PTW out of which

405,206 m3of water was metered by Sodexo and the rest of 166,801 m3(28.65% of

the imported water) was lost due to the leakage of the water supply pipes. The

water loss was found highest for the month of January, March and June.

515,375

524,213

536,059

495,391

405,206

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2013

Water Consumption cu.m/year)


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2.5 Water consumption of individual buildings

To evaluate the magnitude of the water consumption building wise, the consumption

was signified according to the liter/m2/day for individual buildings.

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

%Water Loss

9.8

9.0

17.8

7.9

6.9 8

.712.3

5.1

WATER CONSUMPTION OF RESIDENCEBUILDING (LITRE/SQ.M/DAY)


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2.7

1.9

7.0

0.8 1

.1

15.5

24.4

41.8

21.4

1.5

54.8

2.1

10.6

2.2 5

.1

0.6

6.8

WATER CONSUMPTION OF ACADEMIC

BUILDINGS (LITRE/SQ.M/DAY)

9.89.0

17.8

7.96.9 8

.7 12.3

5.1

2.71.9 7.0

0.8 1

.1

15.524.4

41.8

21.4

1.5

54.8

2.1

10.6

2.2 5

.1

0.6 6.8 11.313.3

2.7 5

.2

1.0 2

.0

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LIBR

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AITIS

RC

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EXX

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FET

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SE

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YSIC

LPL

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WATER CONSUMPTION ALL BUILDING S

(LITRE/SQ.M/YEAR)


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Water extensive buildings with potential leakage problem were analyzed using the

water consumption pattern of the buildings.

SN Buildings Liter/m2/day

1 CS 54.8

2 REC 41.83 REC,AFC & Aqua 24.4

4 WRE 21.4

5 Category 2 ( J,K) 17.8

6 Energy 15.5

7 Sodexo Cafeteria 13.3

8 Houses 1-28 12.3

9 Arcade 11.3

10 Habitech Park 10.6

11 Village 1-3 9.8

12 Standard Dorm (A-H) 9.0

13 Dorm ST2-12 8.7

14 Category 4 (L,M,N,P,Q,R,S) 7.9

15 Pulp & Paper 7.0

16 Category 5 ( W,T,U,X,V,Y) 6.9

17 AITIS 6.8

Benchmark

University of Toronto: 6.05 Liter/m2/day (Source: Chagpa et al., 2000)

2.6 Economic Analysis

2.6.1 Water Charges

Water charges for the year 2013 has increased drastically due to the increase in per

unit cost of the water charges.

7.39

7.50

10.56

8.14

15.67

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

2002

2003

2004

2005

2013

Water Charges Million Baht)


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2.6.2 Cost of water loss

With the average 28.65% water loss, water equivalent of 4.6 million Baht was not

metered during the year 2013, which clearly demonstrate the leakage in the

pipeline.

Water Imported from

PTW

572,007 cu.m

Authorized

Consumption

405,206 cu.m

Billed Authorized

Consumption

405,206 cu.m

Revenue Water

405,206 cu.m

Unbilled Authorized

Consumption

0 cu.m

Non-Revenue Water

166,801 cu.mWater Losses

166,801cu.m

Apparent losses

0 cu.m

Real Losses

166,801 cu.m

-

400,000.00

800,000.00

1,200,000.00

1,600,000.00

Monthly Water Tariff (Baht)

Metered Water Cost Water Loss Cost


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2.6.3 Per capita water cost

Cost of water per person has plunged to cost of 17.87 Baht/person/day which is

almost 625% of the per capita cost of 2005. Decreased population of AIT has

caused a severe impact on the per capita cost of water in AIT.

2.6.4 Per capita water demand

Per capita water demand of AIT has also increased from the past year. AIT

presently needs 462 Liter/person/day of water, which is very high when compared

to the Benchmark of other universities. It is also remarkably higher than the per

capita water consumption of the Bangkok which is 250 Liter/person/day (GWP,

2013).

3.02

3.19

4.05

2.86

17.87

0 5 10 15 20

2002

2003

2004

2005

2013

Cost Baht/person/day)

211

223

204

173

462

0 100 200 300 400 500

2002

2003

2004

2005

2013

Water consumption L/person/day)


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Table 2: Benchmark for per capita water consumption of various University

No. Items Daily water consumption Remarks

L/person L/m1 University of Toronto - 6.05 In 2000 (Canada)

2 University of Leeds 38.36 - In 2000 (England)

3 University ofTechnologico deMonterrey

76.71 In 2002 (Mexico)

4 Carnegie MellonUniversity

78.87 2.69 In 2004 (USA)

5 University of Sydney 68.50 2.06 In 2002 (Australia)

(Source: Vongdeuane,2006)

2.7 Waste Water Treatment Plant AnalysisFor the month of January 2013 influent volume of the Ranhill WWTP was found to

be as follow:

Maximum=732 m3/day, Minimum= 511 m3/day, Average= 622 m3/day

Table 3: Value of different water parameter at different sampling points

Sampling Point ParameterRange*

Average*Max Min

Equalization Tank

pH 8.76 6.82 7.63

S.S (ml/l) 220 19 71.83

COD (ml/l) 457 5 90.43

TDS 554 157 300

Temp 33.2 24.2 29

SBR TankDO 8.29 1 5

SV30 20 2 10.46

Effluent

pH 8.41 3.87 7.39

S.S (ml/l) 28 1 11

COD (ml/l) 90 1 7.5

TDS 565 137 280

Temp 32.7 24.3 29.13

*Based on data available from 1/7/2012 to 15/3/2014

The waste water treatment plant has the capacity of 1500 m3/day. AIT is subjected to pay

the nominal amount of 700,000 Baht/Month for the waste water up to 1500 m3/day as per

the contract but AIT only produces about 700 m3/day. AIT has not been able to utilize

even its half the contracted volume of waste water thus making the per unit treatment cost

very expensive. Thus the revision of the contract seems to be the necessity.


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2.8 Mass Balance

Following assumption were used for the mass balance

i. Water is calculated for two stages considering two stage water loss.ii. 650 m3/day of influent is received by the WWTP. ( Based on the obtained data for

January 2013)

iii. Water use and evaporation loss is accounted to be 10% in the AIT

3.Recommendationi. Use of dishwasher for the Sodexoii. Adoption of rain water harvestingiii. Revision of contract with Ranhill WWTPiv. Inline treatment of waste water for less polluting unit like Chiller.v. Leakage maintenance of the pipe.vi. Leakage maintenance of the sewage pipe.vii. Installation of low flush toilet system to all the dormviii. Encouragement of public participation using AIT social networksix. Walk over survey for the problem detection in the water extensive buildings.

AIT Water

Supply

Network

AITPTW WWTP

Distribution line Water loss Sewage line water loss

Use, Evaporation loss

572007 m3/yr. 405206 m3/yr. 237250 m3/yr.

40520.6 m3/yr.

127435 m3/yr.166801 m3/yr.


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References1) National Stakeholder Consultations on Water: Supporting the Post-2015 Development

Agenda . Thailand: Global Water Partnership, 2013

2) Development Of Environmental Sustainability Concepts For The Asian Institute OfTechnology (Ait) Campus, Vongdeuane Soulalay, 2006

3) Review on Water Distribution System and Case Study in AIT by using EPANETConsidering Energy Consumption and Water Quality, Hideki Nakazawa, 2013

4) An Eco-Campus Study On The Reuse Potential Of Secondary Treated Effluent: A CaseStudy Of AIT Campus, Amit Milind Kelovkar

Water and wastewater audit example

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