Water and waste

SQA questions

Water gain and water loss WYSK

• A mammal gains water in f_____ , d______ and c_______ r_______

• A mammal loses water in u______, f_______, s______ and b______

• Water balance –• Water __ = water ____• In a mammal water balance is achieved by

changing the v______ of u_____ produced

ood rink

hemical eactions

rine

aeces weat reath

in out

olume rine

kidney

ureter

bladder

Renal artery

Renal vein

The kidneys WYSK• The kidneys are the main organs for r________

the w______ content of a mammal• The kidneys produce u_______• The kidneys work by f_________ of blood and

r___________ of useful materials• The renal a_______ take u_______ blood to

the kidneys• The renal v______ takes f_______ blood away

from the kidneys

egulating

ater

rine

iltration

eabsorption

rtery nfiltered

ein iltered

• The u_______ carries urine from the k______ to the b______

• The bladder s_____ urine• Waste products are r_______ in the urine• U_____ is a w______ product removed

from the body in the u______

reteridney ladder

tores

emoved

rea asterine

(b)

(e)

(c)

(a)

(d)

glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

Blood capillaryCollecting duct

The nephron WYSKThe g________ filters the bloodThe glomerular filtrate is collected by the

B_______ C________The blood capillaries r________ useful

materials such as g_______ and some w_____

The c________ duct takes u_____ to the u______

The urine contains the waste u_____ and some w______

lomerulus

owman’s apsule

eabsorb

lucoseater

ollecting rine

reter

rea

ater

Urea WYSKUrea is made in the l_____ from surplus

a______ a______.Urea is transported to the kidneys in the

blood of the r_______ a_____

iver

mino cids

enal rtery

Kidney failure WYSK• If the kidneys stop working because of

a________ or d_________ the body will not be able to

• f____ out p________ urea from the blood and this can cause death.

• R________ the v_______ of water in the blood and this e_____ water will be r_______ in the body

• Kidney failure can be treated by using a t_________ or a kidney m_________

ilter oisonous

egulate olume

xcess

ccident isease

etained

ransplant achine

Replacement kidneys WYSK• Kidney failure can be treated by a t_______ or

an a_________ kidney ( kidney m_______)• After a transplant a patient can live a m_____

n_______ life (BENEFIT) but will have to take drugs to prevent tissue r_______ (LIMITATION)

• On a kidney machine there is no r________ and no need for d_____ (BENEFITS) but the machines are e__________ and kidney dialysis takes a l______ time (LIMITATIONS)

ransplantrtificial achine

oreormal

ejection

ejectionrugs

xpensive ong

ADH and too much water CREDIT

• Drinking a l______ volume of water• H_____ level of w_____ in blood• P_______ releases l______ ADH• L_____ water reabsorbed by k_______• L______ volume of d____ urine produced• W_____ level of blood returns to n______

arge

igh ater

ituitary ess

ess idneys

arge ilute

ater ormal

ADH and too little water CREDIT

• S________ a lot during exercise• L____ level of water in blood• P________ releases m_____ ADH• M_____ water r_________ by kidney• S______ volume of c________ urine

produced• Water level of b______ returns to n______

weating

ow

ituitary ore

ore eabsorbed

mall oncentrated

lood ormal

Food / eating

6.5L + 3L + 2.8L = 12.3L

urine

breathing

The Kidneys

water

mammal filtering

reabsorbing glucose

urea

Renal artery

ureter

Stores urine

Glucose / water

Faeces / breath / sweat

√ Renal vein√ urine

√

ureter

artery

glucose

reabsorbed

F bladder

T

T

F Renal artery

T

Sweating/ salty mealADH

More water reabsorbed

small volume concentrated urine

true

False – renal artery

False – water

liver

Liver- blood-kidney-ureter-bladder-urethra

capillary

Collecting duct

glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

C

D

Reabsorbs and transports useful materials e.g. glucose

Carries urine to ureter

surplus amino acids

A capillaryB Carries urine to

ureter

C

D

capillaryCollecting duct

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule