Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension
Transcript of Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension
![Page 1: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Irrigation Scheduling
Using ET and Soil
Based Methods
Loren Oki UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences and
Landscape Architecture Program – Dept. Env. Design
River-Friendly Landscaping Strategies for Parks
Sacramento, CA January 25, 2012
![Page 2: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics
• Why do we need to conserve?
• Different control methods
• Other things to consider
![Page 3: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Irrigation Management
•Photos: D. Haver
![Page 4: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“Urban Drool”
•Photos: D. Haver
![Page 5: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control – “Hand”
When and how much
to apply irrigation is
determined by
direct observation of
the grower/irrigator
Photo: L. Oki Photo:UC IPM
![Page 7: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control – Timers
Irrigation is applied
based on a fixed,
predetermined
schedule
Photo: L. Oki
![Page 8: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Control
– Sensors
Irrigation Systems
Moisture sensing devices
e.g., Tensiometers
Tube
Ceramic cup
Gauge
Water loss
Graphic: L. Oki
![Page 9: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors
Moisture sensing devices
e.g., Tensiometers
Photo: L. Oki
![Page 10: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Soil Moisture-Based Irrigation
Valve
Emitter
Water in
Tensiometer
Transducer
Graphic: L. Oki
Interface
Input
channels
Output
channels/
relays
Controller
![Page 11: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors Granular matrix (gypsum blocks)
Photo: L. Oki
![Page 12: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors Time domain reflectometry (TDR)
Photo: L. Oki
![Page 13: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors Dielectric permittivity
Photo: L. Oki
![Page 14: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors Tensiometers
Granular matrix (gypsum blocks)
Time domain reflectometry (TDR)
Dielectric permittivity
![Page 15: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
Conductance-based
sensors are NOT
appropriate
![Page 16: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models • Based on weather data
• Requires previous research
• Crop specific
• Easy to use
![Page 17: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models • Light accumulation
• Evapotranspiration (ET)
“weather-based”
![Page 18: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
CIMIS
C alifornia
I rrigation
M anagement
I nformation
S ystem
Water use reports are used with
a crop or landscape coefficient
to estimate site water use
wwwcimis.water.ca.gov
![Page 19: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
CIMIS
Reference ET (ET0) is reported
Crop coefficient (Kc) is necessary
Determine ETcrop (ETc) to estimate
crop water use
so, ETc=ET0 x Kc
Example: citrus orchard
Kc = 0.65
If ET0 = 0.5”, then
crop water use is 0.325”
(0.325=0.5 x 0.65)
![Page 20: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
CIMIS
Reference ET (ET0) is reported
Crop coefficient (Kc) is necessary
Determine ETcrop (ETc) to estimate
crop water use
so, ETc=ET0 x Kc
• Can this system be utilized in an
urban landscape?
• Water budgets are now required
by law in new and renovated
landscapes.
![Page 21: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
Weather-based controllers
Issues • Set up
WUCOLS Water
Use
Classification
Of
Landscape
Species
![Page 22: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
Weather-based controllers
Issues • Set up
SLIDE Simplified
Landscape
Irrigation
Demand
Estimation
![Page 23: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Water use
models
Weather-based controllers
Issues • Set up
• Complexity
• Maintenance
![Page 24: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
ETo Zones Map
![Page 25: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– Sensors
– Water use
models
• Based on soil moisture
• Based on weather data
• ETo
![Page 26: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Irrigation Systems
• Control
– EPA Water Sense
– Irrigation Association SWAT tested
![Page 27: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
For Weather-Based irrigation
Program modification method
Fixed schedule, Modify on-time
Modify schedule, Fixed on-time
![Page 28: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
For Weather-Based irrigation
Program modification method
![Page 29: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
For Weather-Based irrigation
Program modification method
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jan Feb Mar apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
inches
![Page 30: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
For Weather-Based irrigation
Program modification method
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jan Feb Mar apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
inches
100%
90% 90% 80%
60%
40%
25% 20% 20%
25%
50%
65%
3 days
6 days
12 days
![Page 31: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
Application and infiltration
Be sure that the
application rate of the
irrigation system is less
than the infiltration
rate of the soil.
![Page 32: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
Be sure that the
application rate of the
irrigation system is less
than the infiltration
rate of the soil.
![Page 33: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
Hydrozoning
Group plants with similar water use
rates together within an irrigation
zone
Sun vs. Shade
![Page 34: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
Water Quality
Irrigation using lower quality water,
such as reclaimed water, needs to
be properly managed.
![Page 35: Water and Irrigation - Sacramento County Cooperative Extension](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071601/613d4e4d736caf36b75bc276/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Irrigation Management Other Things to Consider
Training and Certification
California Landscape Contractors Association (CLCA)
Water Management Certification Program
http://www.clca.us/water/index.html