Water and Disaster - UN ESCAP...Water-related disaster events recorded (1980~2006) (source : Global...
23
Transcript of Water and Disaster - UN ESCAP...Water-related disaster events recorded (1980~2006) (source : Global...
Contents
I. Overview of water-related disasters
II. Impacts of the water-related disasters
III. Future directions
Overview of water and disaster
A disaster can be defined as (EM-DAT):
• 10 ↑ fatalities • 100 ↑ affected • A state of emergency declared • International assistance called for
Overview of water and disaster
Water-related Disaster • Flood , Windstorm, Drought, Slides, Wave/ Surge, Water-borne disease …
Non-water-related Disaster • Epidemic, Wild Fire, Extreme Temperature, Volcano, Insert Infection, Famine,
Earthquake …
Overview of water and disaster
Types of water-related disasters (UNESCO, 2009)
Floods Windstorms Waves and
surges Slides Droughts Epidemics
Coastal and lake
flood, plain
flood, valley
flood and flash
flood
Typhoon,
hurricane,
cyclone,
tornado,
tropical storm,
winter storm
and storm
Tidal wave and
tsunami
Landslide,
avalanche,
mudflow and
rockfall
No sub-type Water-borne
diseases
Overview of water and disaster
The number of disasters sharply increased from 1900 to 2006 globally
Global natural disaster events recorded (1900~2006) (source : Global Trends in Water-related Disaster(UNESCO 2009 )
Overview of water and disaster
About 90% are water-related disasters
Global natural disaster events recorded (1900~2006) (source : Global Trends in Water-related Disaster(UNESCO 2009 )
Overview of water and disaster
The number of flood had shapely increased among water-related disaster The highest of frequency of water-related disasters occurred in the Asia region
Water-related disaster events recorded (1980~2006) (source : Global Trends in Water-related Disaster(UNESCO 2009 )
Water-related disaster events recorded by region(1980~2006)
Overview of water and disaster
Figure 2. People affected by natural disasters, 2002-2011 (ESCAP, 2012) Figure 1. Number of reported natural disasters, 1980-2011 (ESCAP,2012)
Natural disasters increased sharply in the Asia-Pacific region (Figure 1)
People living in the Asia-Pacific region were affected most by natural disasters. (Figure 2)
Summary on the Asia-Pacific region
World : 90% of the world’s disasters are water-related, including floods, droughts, hurricanes, storm, surges, and landslides.
Asia and the Pacific : Disasters related to water have sharply increased, particularly floods. 90% of the people affected by water-related disasters live in Asia.
South Asia and the Pacific : These two sub-regions face the highest risk for water-related disasters and have the lowest resilience.
< Source : Asian Water Development Outlook 2013(ADB, 2013)>
Challenges
• Frequency and severity ↑ • Disproportionate and less predictable water resources availability • Sea-level rise
Climate change
• Economic and property damage potential ↑ (flood plains, coastal belts) • Number of people affected due to concentration of population ↑ • Decrease in natural resilience and preventative capacity
Urbanisation
• Water use and demand intensity ↑ Population
growth
WATER-RELATED DISASTERS
AND IMPACTS
Summary on the Asia-Pacific region
Public sectors in the Asia-Pacific region need to invest in risk management to build resilience. 75% of vulnerable urban populations in coastal zones live in Asia. Although improved forecasting has reduced the number of deaths from water-related disasters, the costs of flood disasters in the region have increased over time, reaching estimated damages of over $61 billion in 2011.
< Source : Asian Water Development Outlook 2013(ADB, 2013)>
Contents
I. Overview of water-related disasters
II. Impacts of the water-related disasters
III. Future directions
Impacts of the water-related disasters
2011 Flooding in Thailand
- Total of 815 deaths (with 3 missing) and 13.6 million people affected.
- Thailand's 77 provinces, 65 were declared flood disaster zones,
- over 20,000 square kilometers of farmland was damaged.
- World Bank estimated $45.7 billion in economic damages and losses due to flooding, as of 1 December 2011.
< Source : Asian Water Development Outlook 2013(ADB, 2013)>
Impacts of the water-related disasters
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Disasters cause high and volatile commodity prices and disrupt production and supply chains Damaged infrastructure Constrained roads to transport foods Increases in food price] Reduce exports Economic losses Even developed countries who have sufficient infrastructure, have been affected by disasters. The low income economies are more vulnerable to natural disasters. E.g. Bangladesh, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu
Figure 3. Asian and Pacific average annual impact of disasters by income classification, 2002-2011 (UNESCAP. 2013)
more than 10 times higher
US $2.5 trillion economic losses from disasters so far this century – 70% floods and droughts-related (UN, 2014)
Impacts of the water-related disasters
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
1,500
580
250
230
210
90
90
60
50
40
130
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600
China
Philppin…
India
N.Korea
Banglad…
Indonesia
Japan
PNG
Vietnam
Myanmar
Other
3,200 people killed (2000-
Human losses, number of people killed (In particular lower income countries)
Environmental degradation Deforestation Reduction in water retaining capacity Degradation of water quality Land degradation and desertification Effect on aquaculture
Securing potable water and sanitation services post-disaster
Contents
I. Overview of water-related disasters
II. Impacts of the water-related disasters
III. Future Directions
Future Directions
Past
Sectorial approach
Experience-based
Reactive
Regional-level(occurrence sites)
Small-scale, national
Bureaucracy-led
Manpower-based
Future
Integrated approach
Scientific & systematic
Proactive (preventative)
National and international level
Mega-scale, international cooperation
Community-centered
Scientific and technology based
The paradigm shift in disaster management (source : Korea Institute of Disaster and Safety 2013 )
The paradigm shift
The four-level approach towards disaster management
Future Directions
Adaptive
Water resources and disaster-related management a
dopting to climate change
Responsive
Limiting impacts of expos
-ure and duration
Recovery
Enabling economic and social activities to
return to normal
Preventive
Precautionary and climate change impacts mitigation measures
Future
Past
• More than 80 percent of the economic damage caused by disasters each year can be attributed to floods, hurricanes and typhoons, tsunamis, storm surges, sea level rise and drought. Losses are projected to rise exponentially as climate change further intensifies these natural hazards and current patterns of development increase our exposure.
• By transforming the way we develop, design and invest in our societies, we can reverse these trends. We can minimize losses in flood-prone areas by prioritizing effective drainage. Communities exposed to storms can save lives by investing in people-centred early warning systems. Coastal cities can protect their future economic growth by accounting for sea-level rise.
• We have much to build on. This includes the Hyogo Framework for Action, as well as your collective efforts to ensure that disaster risk reduction is reflected in the post-2015 framework.
- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (25 September 2014)
Future Directions
Message from UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Future Directions
Sustainable & integrated
water management
SD
Disaster risk management & prevention
Sustainable water resource management as a precondition for green growth towards SD
Water-related disasters and SDGs (UN Water)
Target E: Reduce mortality by x% and economic loss by y% from water-related disasters This is accompanied by the following elements at national level: • Increased knowledge and understanding about communities at risk from water-related
disasters, especially those likely to arise from climate change; • Adoption of integrated disaster risk management, including an appropriate mix of
structural and non-structural approaches, to reduce mortality and economic losses from water-related disasters;
• Adoption and implementation by countries of monitoring and people-centered early warning systems for communities most at risk from water-related disasters;
• Application of an end-to-end preparedness approach to water-related disaster management which sees the needs of user communities being met, to the last mile.
Water-related disasters and SDGs (UN Water)
