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Transcript of Water Accounts and Economics Workshop EEA, 7-8 October 2010 Economic analysis of the Mediterranean...
Water Accounts and Economics WorkshopEEA, 7-8 October 2010
Economic analysis of the Mediterranean marine ecosystems – links to environmental accounting
Cécile Roddier-Quefelec, Plan Bleu
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Plan Bleu and economic analysis
Macroeconomic approach to support sustainable development analysis and assessment• Financing the development • SIA of the free trade area• Analysis of external trade flows • Economic scenarios (RED 2005)• Clean Development Mechanism• Energy and climate change: cost of non-action
• Economic impact of extreme events• Economic analysis of water policies and
strategies• Economic value of sustainable benefits rendered
by the Mediterranean marine ecosystems
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Economic value of sustainable benefits rendered by the Mediterranean marine
ecosystems OBJECTIVES
Enhance awareness of the sustainable related to the ecosystems services provided by marine ecosystems in the Mediterranean,
Offer policy makers a common metric for better management of environmental issues,
Contribute to the implementation of the Ecosystem Approach in the Mediterranean ,
Inspired by: • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA,2000-
2005); • System of Environmental and Economic Accounting
(UN, 2003); • CIESM (Economic valuation of natural coastal and
marine ecosystems, n°37 CIESM Workshop Monographs, 2008) ;
• The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity (EC, UNEP, 2007-2010) …
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Contribution of ecosystems services to human well being
Plan Bleu (2008)
Human well beingEcosystem
services
Usages:•Fishing, •Tourism, •Climateregulation…
Ecosystem functions:
-Support-Provisioning -Regulation- Cultural
Benefits provided by ecosystems
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METHODOLOGY
Benefits provided to riparian countries, macroeconomic approach at regional scale
Economic valuation method inspired from SEEA 2003
Restricted to sustainable and direct benefits (e.g. fishing excluding over-fishing and seafood processing )
Valuation of the annual (2005) flow of benefits, NOT the value of the stock (natural capital, Ecosystem…)
Ecosystem services = interactions between biotic elements and abiotic structures. Exclude economic activities based on abiotic structures only : maritime transport, granulate extraction…
Valuation methods constrained by existing data
Audited by an ad’hoc advisory committee (environmental economists, Mediterranean marine ecosystem experts…)
METHODOLOGY
(Adapted from Beaumont et al, 2007)
Category Ecosystem services Benefits assessed
Provisioning services Provision of food resources Resource rent of fisheries &
aquaculture sectors
Cultural servicesAmenities Resource rent of tourism,
hotels & restaurants and real estate in coastal areas
Support of recreational activities
Regulating services
Climate regulationValue of man-made CO2 sequestration
Mitigation of natural hazards Value of protection against coastal erosion through Posidonia meadows
Waste treatment Recycling of waste water by marine ecosystems
METHODOLOGY
Fisheries and aquaculture
Resource rent : not directly calculable, proxy : gross Value Added of the sector (UN Data)
Overfishing and other non sustainable practices expressed by an overall coefficient, estimated to 80% (GFCM)
Riparian countries repartition : VA by country (UN Data)
Repartition by ecosystem types : Catches by species (FishStat), prevalence of species (ECOMER expertise)
METHODOLOGY
Resource rent = Value added in coastal areas (UN Data) as proxy
How to evaluate the “coastal attractive effect” ?
Multiple regression analysis computed on NUTS 3 data (where available)Positive and robust correlation between number of establishments and coast length : 5%
Resource rent of hotels & restaurants in coastal areas
METHODOLOGY
Resource rent of real estate and tourism in coastal areas
Transfer of the Hotels & restaurants “coastal attractive effect” coefficient
Real Estate : application of this coefficient to the domestic expenditures for lodging (UN Data) in coastal areas
Tourism : application of this coefficient to the VA of the sector, evaluated to 50% of coastal tourism expenditures (source Plan Bleu)
METHODOLOGY
Global climate regulation
Sequestration of the anthropogenic CO2 by the Mediterranean Sea
Yearly CO2 quantities : recent scientific results 108Mt/y (Huertas, I.E. et al, 2009)
Value of the ton of CO2 : Year 2005 average value of the European Emission Trading Scheme market = 20,5€/t
Riparian countries repartition : CO2 emissions (UN Data)
Acidification side effects and biologic pump neglected
Methodology
Coastal protection due to Posidonia meadows
Evaluation of the Med coast length actually protected by Posidonia meadows ?
• 20% European coasts are eroded• 16% of Med coasts are eroded• Posidionia meadows present in 90% of eroded
areas• 10% of European coasts are protected
Approx. 3300km ! Proxy: Replacement cost by artificial protection
structures (e.g. groynes) Cost of protection structures : 160k€/km
METHODOLOGY
Recycling of waste water
Essential question of the sustainability of this service
Sustainable = compliance to current norms Selection of a local case compliant to norms,
where a fee is applied on domestic water consumptions for compliance maintenance : 0,18€/m3
Quantities of domestic water consumed by coastal populations (Plan Bleu) 14,5Gm3
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RESULTS Annual value of direct benefits in 2005: 26 billion
€
Per unit area of the whole Med Sea : 10 k€/km²
Distribution of value by type of benefits :
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Illustrate the importance of services provided by marine ecosystems
Provide a low estimation of the annual flow of benefits: • Valuation restricted to some preeminent
benefits, calculable with existing data • Indirect benefits (spread in the economic
branch) are not taken into account • The “Sustainability option” greatly reduces
some benefit valuations (waste treatment)
A 100p detailed report soon available in FR and EN
A first exploratory study, need to be comforted by further studies :
• Local studies on MPA
• Regional study on the Cost of Environmental Degradation induced by maritime economic activities
DISCUSSION and PERSPECTIVES
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Contacts : Anaï MANGOS, Plan BleuDidier SAUZADE, Plan Bleu & Ifremer FranceJean Pascal BASSINO, Montpellier III University
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For more information
www.planbleu.www.planbleu.orgorg
For more information
www.planbleu.www.planbleu.orgorg