1. Made bySarthakAgarwal7-c

2. Water is essential for life. 3. There is 97% of all thewater on the earthIs in the ocean andonly 3% is fresh water.That leaves 2% frozenand out of thatLess than 1% fordrinking water. 4. The Three forms of Water. Solids: When water becomes very cold and freezesit will change from a liquid to a solid. It has adefinite form and shape. Liquids: When water takes the shape of itscontainer it is in a liquid form. Gases: When water is seen in a vapor form and hasno definite size or shape it is in a gas form. 5. Solids We see it In ice 6. Liquids 7. In nature we see water in its liqform. 8. Gases You see water inthe form of gas,when you see.. 9. Steam is water in a gaseousform. Water also becomes a gaswhen it evaporates, Or when you see a geyseror hot pots. 10. FOG 11. WATER CYCLEEvaporation, transpiration,condensation, precipitation.WATER CYCLE 12. EvaporationWhat is evaporation?Evaporation is watervapors that rise intothe air until it coolsand condenses andforms water droplets 13. Where does it comefrom? Millions of waterdroplets come togetherto form clouds. Theclouds get heavy andgravity tugs on thedroplets and the cloudsrelease 14. Condensation 15. Precipitation 16. Water Pollution 17. Two thirds of our planet iscovered by water.97.5% of the water issaltwater.The majority of freshwateris beyond our reach, lockedinto polar snow and ice.Water wORLD 18. The number of peoplewith access to cleanwater has doubled inthe last 20 years.1.1 billion people inthe world still do nothave access to safewater. This is nearly20% of thepopulation.CLEAN WATER 19. 22%8%70%01020304050607080Agriculture Domestic IndustryWater uses%oftotalwaterusedWORLD WATERUSES 20. Do you leave the tap onwhen you clean yourteeth? You waste 5litres of water.You only need litre!SAVING WATER 21. Diminished Water SupplyDROUGHT 22. ESI 23. Where does it all go!Where does the waterfrom the washer go? When you flush the toiletwhere does the contents go?By gravity flow, the waste is on its way to your localwastewater treatment plant! 24. Why treat wastewater? Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen (lower DOlevels of streams) Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) to causeexcessive growth Increases suspended solids or sediments in streams(turbidity increase) 25. Levels of TreatmentPrimary removal by physical separation of grit and large objects(material to landfill for disposal)Secondary aerobic microbiological process (sludge)organic matter + O2 CO2 + NH3 + H2ONH3 NO3-- lowers suspended solids content (into sludge)aquatic nutrientMostly deadmicrobes 26. Aeration andrapid mixingSettlingcollects sludgeon bottomSecondary processairdiffuserFromprimaryprocessTotertiaryprocess 27. Levels of Treatment continuedTertiary (advanced) anaerobic microbiological process with a different microbewhere O2 is toxic (more sludge)NO3- N2 (escapes to atmosphere) PO4-3 if not removed in sludge in secondary processPO4-3 + Al+3 AlPO4 (s) (into sludge)- aeration to strip N2 and re-oxygenate (add DO) 28. Slow mixingto keep suspended and O2outSettlingcollects sludgeon bottomTertiary processFromsecondaryprocessEffluentadd methanol as food source 29. When the treatment is done Effluent back to stream after a final carbon filtration and chlorination/dechlorination Sludge very nutrient rich applied directly to land as fertilizer incinerated (good fuel after drying) composted (Compro from WSSC)Note Leafgro is composted leaves and grass fromMES 30. Water Conservation & HarvestingTotal water management forsustainable development?. 31. Water Conservation Important step for solutions to issues of water andenvironmental conservation is to change peoplesattitudes and habits Conserve water because it is right thing to do!. What you can do to conserve water? Use only as much water as you require. Close thetaps well after use. While brushing or other use,do not leave the tap running, open it only whenyou require it. See that there are no leaking taps. Use a washing machine that does not consumetoo much water. Do not leave the taps runningwhile washing dishes and clothes. 32. Water Conservation Install small shower heads to reduce the flow ofthe water. Water in which the vegetables & fruitshave been washed - use to water the flowers &plants. At the end of the day if you have water left in yourwater bottle do not throw it away, pour it oversome plants. Re-use water as much as possible Change in attitude & habits forwater conservation Every drop counts!!! 33. WHAT IS Rain WaterHarvesting?. Rain Water Harvesting RWH- process of collecting, conveying & storingwater from rainfall in an area for beneficial use. Storage in tanks, reservoirs, underground storage- groundwater Hydrological Cycle 34. Roof Rain Water Harvesting Land based Rain Water Harvesting Watershed based Rain Water harvesting For Urban & Industrial Environment Roof & Land based RWH Public, Private, Office & Industrial buildings Pavements, Lawns, Gardens & other open spacesRWH Methodologies 35. Rain Water HarvestingAdvantages1.Provides self-sufficiency to water supply2.Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water3.Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals4.Improves the quality of ground water through dilution whenrecharged5.Reduces soil erosion & flooding in urban areas6.The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive & easy toconstruct, operate and maintain7. In desert, RWH only relief8. In saline or coastal areas & Islands, rain water provides goodquality water 36. THE END