watch?v=wv1WorEo0dQ€¦ · Nutrition and Weight Status - 11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate...
Transcript of watch?v=wv1WorEo0dQ€¦ · Nutrition and Weight Status - 11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate...
K A N I S H A B E L T
B O B B I B O W M A N
J E S S I C A C A V I N E S S
J E N N I F E R F E V R I E R
A Y R A T G I M R A N O V
K R I S T I N E K R U K A R
K A R O L I N A L E T H U E U R D E J A C Q U A N T
J A M I E S Q U I B B S
J O H N W A R D
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wv1WorEo0dQ
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OBJECTIVE
Nutrition and Weight Status - 11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and
adults
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends children over 6 be screened for obesity
Overweight = 85-94th percentile
Obese = greater than 95th percentile
(U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2010; U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2012)
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
Childhood obesity has increased 3-6 fold since 1970
12-18% of children are obese
Rates higher in older children, males, and racial minorities
Medical costs per year are greater than $147 billion in the
United States
(U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2010)
GLOBAL STATISTICS
Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980.
In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and older, were overweight.
Of these, over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese.
65% of the world's population lives in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.
More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2010.
Obesity is preventable.
(World Health Organization, 2012b)
WORLDWIDE OBESITY
Affects all income levels
Mainly in urban settings
35 million children are overweight in developing countries
8 million children are overweight in developed countries
Low and middle income countries have limited pre-natal care
High fat, high sugar, high salt, energy dense, micronutrient poor foods are lower in cost
(World Health Organization, 2012b)
WHY DOES IT MATTER?
Obesity increases risks for:
Diabetes Mellitus
Asthma
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Cardiovascular disorders
Complicates administering
anesthesia
(U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2010)
Obesity Rates: 40% + 30-40% 20-30% 10-20% 5-10% 0-5% No data
GLOBAL STATISTICS
Highest: Nauru 78.5%
United States : #9 with 33.9% (World Health Organization, 2012a)
Nauru
USA STATISTICS
In 2012 there were 12 states with an obesity prevalence of 30% or more. This
shows a dramatic increase from previous years. In 2000, no state had an
obesity prevalence of 30% or more.
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012a)
2009-2011 COUNTY OBESITY PREVALENCE
AMONG LOW-INCOME CHILDREN AGED 2-4
YEARS
Even in states where there is not a high prevalence of
obesity in children, there are still counties with a high
prevalence. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012b)
OBESITY TRENDS FROM 2001-2011
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects obesity trend data on a yearly basis using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Dramatic obesity increase from 1990 to 2010
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012a)
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012a)
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012a)
In 2011,
• No state without
prevalence less than 20%
• 39 states with prevalence
of 25% or more
• 12 states with 30% or more:
Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri,
Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia
OBESITY TRENDS IN
VIRGINIA
• Obesity rates in VA continue to steadily increase
• In 2001:
• VA ranked 25th lowest obesity rate nationally
• In 2010:
• VA ranked 20th lowest obesity rate nationally
• According to the BRFSS 2011:
• Prevalence of obesity in Virginia was 29.2%
• In 2008:
• Hampton – Highest – 34.4%
• Arlington – Lowest – 20.7%
• In 2010:
• Hampton Roads = 2nd lowest obesity rate in VA at 25.3%
(Council on Virginia’s Future, 2012)
OBESITY TRENDS IN CHILDREN
Age (in
years)
NHAN
ES
1963-
1965
1966-
1970
NHAN
ES
1971-
1974
NHAN
ES
1976-
1980
NHAN
ES
1988-
1994
NHAN
ES
1999-
2000
NHAN
ES
2001-
2002
NHAN
ES
2003-
2004
NHAN
ES
2005-
2006
NHAN
ES
2007-
2008
Total (3) 5.0 5.5 10.0 13.9 15.4 17.1 15.5 16.9
2-5 (3) 5.0 5.0 7.2 10.3 10.6 13.9 11.0 10.4
6-11 4.2 4.0 6.5 11.3 15.1 16.3 18.8 15.1 19.6
12-19 4.6 6.1 5.0 10.5 14.8 16.7 17.4 17.8 18.1
Obesity prevalence in children has tripled
17% of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese
Prevalence of obesity among U.S. children and adolescents
aged 2-19, for selected years 1963-1965 through 2007-2008
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012a; Ogden & Carroll, 2010)
HAMPTON ROADS INTERVENTIONS
“Public school students may not be able to buy snack foods like
those [jelly beans, lollipops, flamin’ hot baked Cheetos] under
a state proposal meant to help fight childhood obesity”
(Garrow, 2011)
HAMPTON ROADS INTERVENTIONS
“School divisions are overhauling school menus and
beefing up physical educating programs in an effort to
curb the growing childhood obesity crisis”
(Chufo, 2010)
HAMPTON ROADS INTERVENTIONS
“The Commonwealth’s Healthy Approach and
Mobilization Plan for Inactivity, Obesity, and Nutrition
(CHAMPION) represents the collaborative effort to put
forth recommendations specifically targeting obesity
issues identified throughout the Commonwealth”
(Virginia Department of Health, 2012)
OTHER EXISTING COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Communities Putting Prevention to Work
(CPPW) National effort, CDC lead, to grant communities initiatives
To improve the health of Americans especially thru obesity &
tobacco use preventions
To create long-lasting impact on communities
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012c)
COMMUNITIES PUTTING PREVENTION
TO WORK
$120 million to states promoting wellness, prevention of chronic disease, and tobacco cessation
Enables local communities to prevent obesity-associated health problems
Encourages initiatives such as: Increases healthy foods and drinks in schools
Development of sidewalks and pedestrian-friendly roads
Implements physical activity requirements for after school programs
Encourages farmers to accept Supplemental Assistance Nutrition Program Electronic Benefits Transfer cards to make fresh food affordable
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012c)
SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS
North Carolina Division of Public Health (NCDPH), the Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Division of Social Services,
and Leaflight Inc., a nonprofit organization
Texas Farm-to-Work Program
Works with Sustainable Food Center.
Enacted Farm to Cafeteria ,and Farm to School Programs, and Sprouting Healthy
Kids
In Jefferson County, Alabama all kindergarten through fifth grade
students are to participate in a daily 30 minute exercise routine
Smart Code Policy encouraging walkable communities and green spaces
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012c; 2012d; Ogden & Carroll, 2010)
MORE SUCCESSES
“Since March 19, 2010, more than 330,000 American students in 8 CPPW communities have increased their physical activity at school to improve their overall physical fitness”
Other State efforts to promote EBT in the farmer’s markets are: Rhode Island, Michigan, New York, California
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012c)
Safe Routes to School
Alexandria, Va
Walking Wednesdays
Fitness Friday
“Frequent Walker/Bicyclist” cards
Emphasis on Safety
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
(Safe Routes, n.d.)
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
CANFIT
MO Project
500 successful programs in CA
Engages youth ages 13-18 to build healthier
community
Interactive, culturally relevant
(CANFIT, 2011)
NEED FOR INCREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Decreased physical activity level is directly associated with increased risk of obesity
Let’s Move campaign, along with the Presidential Active Lifestyle Award, addresses physical activity of kids to some extent, but without the needed regulations that some food programs, like the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act, have.
Increased physical activity requirements and more structure are needed!
(Hills, Andersen, & Byrne, 2011; Hockenberry & Wilson, 2011)
NEED FOR STRICTER REGULATIONS ON
MARKETING FOOD AND BEVERAGES TO
CHILDREN Marketing is big business! Effective marketing campaigns can bring in big
money, and make lifelong customers…
Many large food and beverage companies employ marketing tactics that directly and indirectly target children, and the parents that feed them
Kids are bombarded with advertisements everywhere they go!
Food and beverage marketing has influential effects on children, and the parents who buy food for them…
Marketing influence has a correlational relationship to obesity prevalence
Lax regulations do little to control or limit child marketing tactics
(Harris, Schwartz, & Brownell, 2010)
NEED FOR CHILD NUTRITION EDUCATION
AT AN EARLIER AGE Promote earlier childhood nutritional education,
around age 2-3 yrs., to form better eating habits
Often, learning at a younger age produces better long-term results – result that stick with you for life
The early years hold promise as a time during which obesity prevention education may be most effective
To accomplish these goals, education of toddler parents will likely be necessary.
(Campbell, Hesketh, Crawford, Salmon, Ball, & McCallum, 2008)
NEED TO ADDRESS BODY IMAGE CONCERNS
Improve body image awareness. Some groups
of youth population care less about being
obese and have changed their perception
about ideal body image (IBI).
There are studies that demonstrate lower
dissatisfaction with their body image
among Hispanic/Latino and male African
American adolescents, which could be
targeted as an additional effort in obesity
prevention
(Ceballos & Czyzewska, 2010; Chen & Wang, 2012)
NEEDED RESEARCH
Development and evaluation of treatment and
prevention programs
Such as:
When medical risks of childhood obesity begin
How eating and activity patterns develop
Accurate techniques in measuring food intake and
physical activity
Identify markers for measuring success
NEEDED RESEARCH
What are successful programs doing?
(Factors associated with success or failure)
Example:
• Parent involvement
• Socioeconomic level
• Parent education level
• Baseline activity of children
• Number of sports offered at schools
• Time allotted for recess (if 30 min. required, then 40 min. needs to
be allotted)
NEEDED RESEARCH
Effect of environment on obesity rates
Comparison of communities with/without accessible
community design
Joined communities
Biking and walking paths, sidewalks
Affordable recreational activities
Effect of education on obesity trends Nutrition
Adult diseases related to childhood obesity
REFERENCES Campbell, K., Hesketh, K., Crawford, D., Salmon, J., Ball, K., & McCallum, Z. (2008). The
Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (INFANT) an early intervention to prevent
childhood obesity: cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 8103-
111.
CANFIT. (2011). MO PROJECT youth convening. Retrieved from: http://canfit.org/moproject/
Ceballos, N., & Czyzewska, M. (2010). Body image in Hispanic/Latino vs. European American
adolescents: implications for treatment and prevention of obesity in underserved
populations. Journal of Health Care For The Poor & Underserved, 21(3), 823-838.
doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0333
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012a). Adult obesity facts. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Data and statistics. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html
REFERENCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012c). Communities putting prevention to
work. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/CommunitiesPuttingPreventiontoWork/p
df/brochure.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and
Obesity. (2012d). Farm to where you are programs. Retrieved from http://www.c
dc.gov/obesity/downloads/FarmToWhereYou Are.pdf.
Chen, X. X., & Wang, Y. Y. (2012). Is ideal body image related to obesity and lifestyle
behaviours in African American adolescents?. Child: Care, Health &
Development, 38(2), 219-228. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01227.x
Chufo, V. (2010). Schools combat obesity with revamped menus and P.E. classes. Daily
Press. Retrieved from http://articles.dailypress.com/2010-09-12/health/dp-nws-
childhood-obesity-schools-20100912_1_school-menus-hornsby-middle-school-
school-lunch
REFERENCES Council on Virginia’s Future. (2012). Obesity. Retrieved from http://hamptonroadsperform
s.org/indicators/healthFamily/obesity.php
Garrow, H. B. (2011). Va weighs regulating school snacks to fight obesity. The Virginian
Pilot Online. Retrieved from http://hamptonroads.com.nyud.net/2011/07/va-
weighs-regulating-school-snacks-fight-obesity
Harris, J., Schwartz, M., & Brownell, K. (2010). Marketing foods to children and
adolescents: Licensed characters and other promotions on packaged foods in
the supermarket. Public Health Nutrition, 13(3), 409-417.
Hills, A., Andersen, L., & Byrne, N. (2011). Physical activity and obesity in children. British
Journal Of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 866-870. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-09019
9
Hockenberry, M., & Wilson, D. (2011). Wong’s nursing care of infants and children.
(9th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier – Mosby.
REFERENCES Ogden, C., & Carroll, M. (2010). NCHS health e-stat. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/
nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_07_08/obesity_child_07_08.htm
Safe Routes. (n.d.). Alexandria, Virginia: Safe routes to school activities in Alexandria.
Retrieved from: http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/data-central/success-stories/alex
andria-virginia-safe-routes-school-activities-alexandria
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2020. (2012). Nutrition
and weight status. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectiv
es2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=29
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2010). Screening for obesity in children and
adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.
Pediatrics, 125(2), 361-367. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009.2037
REFERENCES Virginia Department of Health (2012) CHAMPION. Retrieved from http://www.vdh.virgini
a.gov/ofhs/prevention/obesityprevention/documents/2012/pdf/CHAMPION%20
Obesity%20Prevention%20Plan.pdf
World Health Organization. (2012a). Global Database on Body Mass Index. Retrieved
from http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp
World Health Organization. (2012b). Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediac
entre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html
POST PRESENTATION QUIZ
Question #1:
Obesity only affects low income level
families. True or false?
POST PRESENTATION QUIZ
Question #2:
More than 40 million children under the
age of __?___were overweight in 2010.
POST PRESENTATION QUIZ
Question #3:
What does CPPW mean and who sponsors
it?
POST PRESENTATION QUIZ
Question # 4:
Which foods with minimal nutritional value
are banned from the schools’ vending
machines?
POST PRESENTATION QUIZ
Question # 5:
At what age should we start promoting
earlier childhood nutritional education to
form better eating habits?