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January/February 2020January/February 2020Volume 62/1 Volume 62/1 •• Number 443 Number 443

Journal of the National AssociationJournal of the National Associationof Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc.of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc.WWATCHATCH

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The NAWCC, Inc. is the world's largest museum, research library, educational institution, and international community of horological professionals and enthusiasts dedicated to clocks, watches, time, and timekeeping.

We are committed to being the world leader, educator, and advocate for horology and for everyone who is interested in timepieces and horological issues.

We share the stories of time.

Board of DirectorsTerm Expiration Year in Parentheses

LEROY BAKER, VICE CHAIR (2021) [email protected]

THOMAS COMPTON (2023) [email protected]

JOHN COTE (2021) [email protected]

JAMES T. DUTTON (2023) [email protected]

ROBERT GARY (2021) [email protected]

DONNA KALINKIEWICZ (2023) [email protected]

RHETT LUCKE, SECRETARY (2023) [email protected]

CHRIS MILLER, TREASURER (2021) [email protected]

PHILIP E. MORRIS (2021) [email protected]

RICH NEWMAN, CHAIR (2023) [email protected]

TIM ORR (2021) [email protected]

JAMES PRICE (2023) [email protected]

Ex OfficioLegal Counsel MYRON J. MINTZ, ESQ

Official NoticeThe full text of the approved minutes of NAWCCBoard meetings may be found at http://www.nawcc.org/index.php/our association/bod-documents.

MembershipUS Memberships with publications mailed & online: Individual $90, Business $175 First-Time Member Special Discount $52 Memberships outside US with publications mailed & online: Individual $114, Business $199First-Time Member Special Discount $65eMemberships with online-only publications: Individual $80, Associate (spouse/significant other of member) $20, Youth $20, Student $35Contributory and Lifetime Memberships available.Contact Member Services for information at 717.684.8261 (option 5) or nawcc.org/join.

Change of address, membership application, and membershippayment should be sent to NAWCC, Inc., at the address above or by calling 717.684.8261 (option 5), faxing, or emailing [email protected].

Members can update contact and payment information as well as make payments by going to My Account on nawcc.org.

Publications DepartmentEditorial Director CHRISTIANE ODYNIEC

Ext. 206 [email protected]

Associate Editor & GILLIAN RADELChapter Highlights [email protected]

Coordinator Ext. 207

Production Coordinator KIM HESS

Creative Services KEITH LEHMANProduction Leader & [email protected]

WatchNews EditorExt. 212

Advertising JESSICA ROLAND Services Coordinator & [email protected]

Multimedia Assistant Ext. 208

The Watch & Clock Bulletin (ISSN 2152-4858), peer-reviewed journal of the National Association of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc., is published in January, March, May, July, September, and November. The NAWCC is a 501(c)(3) educational charitable nonprofit organization.

Manuscripts being offered for publication and alleditorial correspondence should be emailed to the editor at the address above.

All material in the Watch & Clock Bulletin is copyrighted by the NAWCC, Inc. No article, feature, or any part of them may be cop ied or otherwise reproduced by anyone. Limited copying may be permitted by first requesting permission in writing, and receiving permis-sion in writing; but acknowledgment of the source, ad-jacent to the copied article or feature is man datory. An author may have copyrighted an article, in which case permission to copy must be obtained from the author.

Statements of opinion made by authors of papers readbefore or appearing in the publications of the NAWCC are accepted as the author’s own. The Association assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or correct-ness of any statements of its contributors.

© Copyright 2020 by the National Association of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Periodicals postage paid at: Lancaster, PA 17604-9998and additional offices.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the NationalAssociation of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc.,at the address above.

NAWCC Inc. membership is not to be used to imply NAWCC endorsement of individuals, their products, or their services.

The NAWCC Inc. is tax exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Code, and gifts to theNAWCC are tax deductible under Section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) of the code.

StaffController JENNIFER BYERS


HR Administrator, SARAH GALLAGHERAccount Coordinator [email protected]

Ext. 205

Education Programs CORINNE DeALMEIDACoordinator [email protected]

Ext. 237

Manager, KEVIN D. OSBORNE Technical Administration [email protected]

and Chapter Support Ext. 232

Member Services PAMELA J. LINDENBERGEROffice Manager [email protected]

Ext. 210

Member Services STACEY STRAYER Administrative Assistant [email protected]

Ext. 229

National Watch & Clock MuseumActing Director of AL DODSON

Curatorial Services [email protected]. 203

Museum Registrar MEGHAN KENNEDYExt. 225 [email protected]

Museum Store Ext. 221

Library & Research CenterArchivist KATE VAN RIPER


Equal Employment Opportunity Policy To give equal employment and advancement opportunities to all people, we make employment decisions at the NAWCC based on each person’s performance, qualifications, and abilities. The NAWCC does not discriminate in hiring or employment because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, genetic information, national origin or ancestry, or any other characteristic protected by law.

National Office hours, Mon.-Thurs., 8 am-5 pm; Fri., 8 am-4 pm. Closed Sat. and Sun.

514 Poplar St. | Columbia, PA 17512-2130 Ph.: 717.684.8261 | Fax: 717.684.0878

National Watch & Clock MuseumDecember 1 thru March 31

Tues.–Sat. 10 am–4 pmClosed Sun. and Mon.

Fortunat Mueller-Maerki Library & Research CenterDecember 1 thru March 31

Tues.–Sat. 10 am–4 pm

Visit NAWCC.org to link to:

Letter From the EditorYou are holding a special edition of the Watch & Clock Bulletin. We have devoted the lion’s share of this issue to the historical research of Paul Henion into the development and use of engraved images in clock tablets. Usually we would publish an article of this size in installments. However, we decided to print this in just one issue because of the lengthy commentary that is integral to the reading of this study. Paul covers lots of territory, making this topic interesting to many audiences. Our covers feature a montage of a few of the plates discussed.

This issue also contains information about NAWCC Nominations as well as past and present Symposia. Keep an eye out for future articles about the horologically related tours of the Black Forest and Bavaria. Continuing to look at the rest of 2020, here are some articles that are slated for publication: • Restoration of a Boulle Clock• Minimally Invasive Watch Repivoting• A Rare Marine Chronometer by a

Relatively Unknown Maker• Cleaning and Restoring Antique Clocks

• In Defense of the Lowly 12-SizeAmerican Pocket Watch

• Challenges in Making an Art DecoTimepiece

• Samuel Mulliken’s Account Book

Plus plenty more. Stay tuned!

Christiane Odyniec Editor

[email protected]

Volume 62/1 • No. 443

8Articles

8 ENGRAVED IMAGES: A Historical Look at Their Development and Use in Clock Tablets By Paul Henion8 Foreword8 Introduction8 Early Engraved Images9 Lithograph Images9 Woodcut Engravings11 Electrotyping and/or the Voltaic Process 12 The Rise of Illustrated Newspapers 15 Illustrated Publications of the Mid-19th Century 27 The Engravers 36 Connecting the Woodcut Engravings to the

Producers of Clock Tablets 36 Companies That Produced Clock Tablets 40 Case Studies 48 A Commentary of Engraved Images Reported 88 Closing Comments 88 Acknowledgments 89 Notes and References

92 2019 Ward Francillon Time Symposium:Time Made in Germany By Keith Lehman

Columns4 Horology 1776

91 Vox Temporis

96 In Memory ofand Obituaries

Call for Nominations NAWCC Board of Directors Nominating and Elections Committee 6LARC Supervisor Embraces New Challenges 2

nawcc.org NAWCC Watch & Clock Bulletin • January | February 2020 1

© 2020 National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, Inc. Reproduction prohibited without written permission.

Library and Archives Supervisor Embraces New ChallengesBy Gillian Radel (PA)

Sara Butler-Tongate has accepted a position with Bowling Green State University as their Research Archivist. Sara has been the NAWCC’s Library and Archives Research Center (LARC) Supervisor since January 2012 and, although she is sad to leave, she is excited about the new challenges ahead.

In her time at the NAWCC, Sara has worked hard to create high professional standards in the Library. One of her biggest accomplishments was implementing a new catalog system. This included scanning book covers, tables of contents, and indexes so that materials would be easier for members to find.

Her favorite memories are of working on events for the Museum. “The Clockwork Festival, for example, was a so much work to organize, but it brought together so many departments,” she said. “Everyone worked so well together and it was incredibly rewarding to have it be such a huge success. It helped us to introduce horology to people who otherwise might not have known they were interested.”

In her new job, Sara will be coordinating all the reference requests for the Center of Archival Collections as well as assigning reference requests and being in charge of student researchers. This is familiar territory for Sara because this was a part of her job at the NAWCC, and that experience is in part why Bowling Green wanted to hire her.

We can’t talk about Sara leaving without mentioning her husband, Clayton. He has been a dedicated volunteer, creating and running the NAWCC eBay store. Whenever anyone needs help, whether it is setting up tables or assisting with a research question, Clayton is the first to volunteer. We will miss his candid honesty, usually followed by a joke, and hearing his laughter throughout the building.

We are sad to see both of them leave, but we are truly excited for their new adventure and wish them all the best.

ErrataThe following errors have been found in past Watch & Clock Bulletins.

November/December 2019, “A Rare ‘Patent’ Torsion Clock” by Carlos E. Blanco and Jose M. Rico. There are two typo-graphical errors in Figure 7: The ratio for the first Interme-diate wheel pair is given as: “12 × (90 / 12) = 12,” whereas it should be “12 × (90 / 12) = 90.” Also, the number of turns per year should be 12.1667 (not 12.5) for the numbers provided (525600/43200). Thus, the figure should look like this:

November/December 2019, “William Markham Jr. and His Overpasted Southern Labels on Connecticut-Manufactured Clock,” by George Waterhouse. Figure 14 should be attributed to Jones HR. Sketches of the People and Places of New Hartford in the Past and Present. New Hartford, CT: Office of the Tribune, 1883:52.

March/April 2019, “Life IS Fair! 1915 Panama-Pacific Interna-tional Exposition in San Francisco,” by Patricia Holloway. It has been brought to the attention of the author and editor that a statement in this article may have been misleading. We apolo-gize for not providing sufficient context. The sentence below may seem to indicate that World War I had not yet begun at the time the Exposition opened in February 1915. While war had been declared in several countries in mid-1914, and sadly many lives had been lost, this was not the case at the time planning and construction commenced in 1913 and early 1914.

Printed: By the time the Panama-Pacific International Exposition rolled around, things were changing—for the world on the brink of war and economic uncertainty, and for watch manufacturers who were facing economic challenges while making changes in their lines to add wristwatches that were rapidly gaining acceptance.

Correction: By the time the Panama-Pacific International Exposition planning and construction rolled around, things were changing—for the world on the brink of war and economic uncertainty, and for watch manufacturers who were facing economic challenges while making changes in their lines to add wristwatches that were rapidly gaining acceptance.

Fig- 7 Train of wheelwork

1 Main wheel

Intermediate wheels

Escapement wheel

Each turn of the escapement wheel 8 minutes

1 turn of the main wheel 5400 x 8 = 43200 minutes

1 year = 525600 minutes = 12,16 turns of main wheel

2 January | February 2020 • NAWCC Watch & Clock Bulletin nawcc.org

© 2020 National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, Inc. Reproduction prohibited without written permission.

Because of the resignation of our previous executive director, the Board has established an Oversight & Advancement Committee (OAC) to perform executive responsibilities until a new executive director is hired. Board Officers (Leroy Baker, Chris Miller, Rhett Lucke, and myself) and Directors Jay Dutton, Tom Compton, and Jim Price have been working closely with our leadership team in Columbia, PA. The Board will take the time necessary to find and hire the right person to lead the NAWCC. Controller Jennifer Byers is our Lead in-charge during this transition, and I am proud to relay that our entire headquarters team is doing a great job to ensure that all member activities continue without disruption.

The Board met for three days of strategic and tactical work in November after conducting a comprehensive top-to-bottom assessment of our challenges and opportunities. As previously reported, we are facing a budget deficit for the 2019–20 fiscal year. Significantly more alarming is the condition of our decades-old HVAC system and roof that are beyond repair and require replacement. Many believe that all our needs are covered because the first phase of the For All Time Campaign was successful. The reality is that only a percentage of the interest earnings from this endowment campaign can be spent, and the majority of For All Time commitments will come mostly through donors’ estates in the future. Therefore, this year’s Annual Appeal needs to be a rousing success to raise cash for needed operating expenses. Please step forward and help maximize the generous $250,000 dollar-for-dollar matching pledge received by an anonymous donor. If you need advice about donating, John Cote, our Chair of Development, will be happy to talk with you. Please contact him at [email protected].

A number of significant steps to curb the deficit and implement controls to ensure that the 2020–21 budget meets expectations have already been taken. These include the following:

1. A hiring freeze for nonessential roles as well as investing in efficiency tools and practices to eliminate the equivalent of four positions

2. Reviewing all employee benefits

3. Renegotiating maintenance and supplier contracts

4. Eliminating most travel expenses.

Please note that every board member is a generous donor to the NAWCC, and nearly all expenses for board activities, including attending board meetings and Regionals as a board representative, are self-funded.

Longer-term actions under consideration include:

1. Reducing Museum hours during the winter

2. Selling the school building

3. Selling a large number of horological items in storage that have not been accessioned and are not of museum quality

4. Simplifying membership categories

5. Implementing a new website to attract new members and better serve all members worldwide

Related to the last point, the OAC has reorganized and outsourced the website project.

Every aspect of the NAWCC depends on the help of the members to be successful. A special shout-out to Lu Sadowski is in order for being the general chair of the successful and well-attended 2019 Springfield National Convention, and also to Bob Frishman and Fortunat Mueller-Maerki for organizing the fantastic NAWCC Ward Francillon Time Symposium with partner Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chronometrie in Nuremberg, Germany. The event was a first-ever, groundbreaking international conference on the history of German horology (see page 92).

I also want to take this opportunity to recognize the achievements of members who received Fellow and Silver Star Fellow awards last year. All Fellow and Silver Star Fellow award recipients are nominated by members using the fellow nomination form on our website. A huge thanks to everyone who has taken the time to complete the nomination form and help give members the recognition they deserve.

Fellow AwardMike BaileyDale BeskeC.G. Brown

Edwin FasanellaRandy GrunwellJohn Erickson

Evelyn SloughJohn Wagner

Star Fellow Award Amedeo Sylvester

I wish everyone a healthy, happy, and prosperous 2020. Thank you for supporting the NAWCC.

Rich Newman NAWCC Chairman of the Board

[email protected]

nawcc.org NAWCC Watch & Clock Bulletin • January | February 2020 3

Message From the Board Chair© 2020 National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, Inc. Reproduction prohibited without written permission.

Publications Advisory and Review BoardJ. Alan Bloore, CA

Addison Clipson, OHMary Jane Dapkus, CT

Lee Davis, PAFrank A. Del Greco, OHKenneth P. De Lucca, PA

Andrew Dervan, MI

Albert Dodson, PAPaul J. Foley, MA

Michael C. Harrold, MAKen C. Hogwood, TNDavid J. LaBounty, NE

Fortunat F. Mueller-Maerki, NJG. Russell Oechsle, NY

James R. Sadilek, NVLu Sadowski, NYKent Singer, GA

Allen Stevenson, COWilliam F. Ward, PA

Richard P. Watkins, AUS

NAWCC Committees

NAWCC Dates to RememberAll Regional meetings must be scheduled through Convention Committee Coordinator John Koepke by emailing him at [email protected], calling 510.236.2197, or mailing 2923 16th Street, San Pablo, CA 94806-2362.

For complete information about Regionals, the National Convention, and the NAWCC Ward Francillion Time Sympo-sium, please see the Mart & Highlights or go to nawcc.org.

Awards John B. Connolly, CAN, Chair ([email protected]); James Gilmore, CA; Marion Krajewski, IN; Douglas Minty, AUS; Janet T. Oechsle, NY; Laurence E. Pearson, WA; Robert Pritzker, CAN; Peter Recourt, VA; Pam Tischler, TX; Barbara B. Volk, NC

Bylaws & Procedures Robert Gary, CA, Chair ([email protected]; Bruce Gilmore, TX

Chapter Relations Lu Sadowski, NY, Chair ([email protected]); Andrew Dervan, MI; Marion Krajewski, IN; Staff: Pamela J. Lindenberger, PA

Convention James Price, KS, Chair ([email protected]); John Acker, TX; Anita Bikowitz, MI; Greg Gould, MO; Ben Hutcherson, KY; Donna Kalinkiewicz, AL; John S. Koepke, CA; Marion Krajewski, IN; Christopher Martin, GA; Justin Overton, MO; Lu Sadowski, NY; Eric Tibbetts, FL; Staff: Pamela J. Lindenberger, PA

Crafts William Slough, TX, Chair ([email protected]); John Acker, TX; Don Bugh, TX; Michael A. Dempsey, WI; Andrew Dervan, MI; Lehr L. Dircks, OH; Joel Dunipace, MS; Nanette S. Fornof, CO; Philip C. Gregory, TX; Philip J. Johansen, WA; William Knaak GA; George E. Orr, OK; Amy Slough, TX; Cathy Slough, TX; Evelyn Slough, TX; Hugh R. Slough, TX; Mark S. Vozar, TX; Joel Warren, NY

Development John Cote, IN, Chair ([email protected]); Jay Dutton, FL; George Goosby, TX; Chair For All Time Endowment; Jerry Thornsberry, MO, For All Time Endowment

Ethics Tom L. Brown, AR, Chair; Mel Brown, CT; Larry B. Funk, CO;David Resnick, CO; Steven M. Sadowski, NY

Finance Chris B. Miller, MO, Chair ([email protected]); Thomas Compton, OH; Jay Dutton, FL; Mary Panesseti, NH; Staff: Jennifer Byers, PA

Library Collections Fortunat F. Mueller-Maerki, NJ, Chair ([email protected]); David Walter Dunn, PA; Chester L. Ekstrand, WA; Roger J. Gendron, MI; Bob Holmstrom, OR; Maryhelen Jones, NM; William F. Ward, PA; Richard P. Watkins, AUS

Membership Tim Orr, CO, Chair ([email protected]); Tom Bartels, NV; Anita Bikowitz, MI; Lu Sadowski, NY; Staff: Pamela J. Lindenberger, PA; Christiane Odyniec, PA

Museum Collections Philip Morris, AL, Chair ([email protected]); Thomas J. Bartels, NV; Bruce Bazelon, PA; Terry C. Brotherton, TX; Laurence M. Chelmow, MA; C. David Collard, TX; Jay Dutton, FL; Mark Frank, IL; Clint B. Geller, PA; Bruce G. Gilmore, TX; Jack R. Goldberg, WA; Fortunat F. Mueller-Maerki, NJ; Donald Saff, MD; Staff: Meghan Kennedy, PA

Nominating & Elections: Voting George Goolsby, TX, Chair ([email protected]); James H. Coulson, TN; Jerry Thornsberry, MO; Carroll W. Wolfe, AR

Online Workshops Lex W. Rooker, CA ([email protected]); Staff: Corinne DeAlmeida, PA

Program Staff: Corinne DeAlmeida, PA

Research Staff: Christiane Odyniec, PA

Symposium Bob Frishman, MA, Chair ([email protected]); Mary Jane Dapkus, CT; Katie Knaub, PA; Rick Merritt, PA; Dug North, NH; Staff: Keith Lehman, PA

Traveling Workshops Pete Cronos, AR, Program Administrator ([email protected]); Staff: Corinne DeAlmeida, PA

Ex Officio All Committees Executive Director

Ex Officio All Committees, except Awards, Ethics, and Nominating & Elections Board Chair Richard Newman, IL

Jan/Feb 2020 (U.S. $13.95)Jan/Feb 2020 (U.S. $13.95)

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