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Transcript of Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal · PDF fileWastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal...
![Page 1: Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal · PDF fileWastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal Office of Research and Development May 7-8, 2013 . Christopher Impellitteri, PhD](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022030511/5abb59657f8b9a8f058c6316/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal
Office of Research and Development May 7-8, 2013
Christopher Impellitteri, PhD
![Page 2: Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal · PDF fileWastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal Office of Research and Development May 7-8, 2013 . Christopher Impellitteri, PhD](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022030511/5abb59657f8b9a8f058c6316/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal
1
What are the possible impacts of inadequate treatment of hydraulic fracturing wastewater on drinking water resources?
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Charge Question #11
2
EPA is currently able to detect and quantify selected anions, cations and metals in hydraulic fracturing wastewater and is considering modifying analytical methods for detecting selected organics in wastewater. Please provide recommendations for other specific chemicals that are of interest from a wastewater treatment and/or drinking water treatment perspective.
![Page 4: Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal · PDF fileWastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal Office of Research and Development May 7-8, 2013 . Christopher Impellitteri, PhD](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022030511/5abb59657f8b9a8f058c6316/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wastewater Composition
3
• Chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing fluid – Including breakdown and reaction products
• Chemicals found in the fractured formation – Brine (total dissolved solids, chloride, bromide) – Trace elements (e.g., mercury, lead, arsenic) – Naturally occurring radioactive material (e.g., radium,
thorium, uranium) – Gases (e.g., methane, hydrogen sulfide) – Organic material (e.g., polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs))
![Page 5: Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal · PDF fileWastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal Office of Research and Development May 7-8, 2013 . Christopher Impellitteri, PhD](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022030511/5abb59657f8b9a8f058c6316/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wastewater Research Projects
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION Wastewater Treatability Studies
Assessment of the efficacy of common wastewater treatment processes on removing selected chemicals found in hydraulic fracturing wastewater
Br-DBP Precursor Studies
Assessment of the ability of chemicals found in hydraulic fracturing wastewater to form brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) during drinking water treatment processes
Source Apportionment Studies
Development of a method to identify the potential source(s) of surface water contamination
Surface Water Modeling
Modeling of concentrations of selected chemicals at public water supplies downstream from wastewater treatment facilities discharging treated hydraulic fracturing wastewater
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Br-DBP Precursor Studies
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Wastewater Treatment Facility
Treated Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater
Elevated concentrations of bromide
Public Water Supply Intake
GOALS • Analyze and characterize wastewater for presence of
halides (bromide, chloride) • Evaluate effects of high TDS upon chlorination of surface
water receiving discharges of treated wastewater
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Conduct Experiments Identify partitioning of selected chemicals during common treatment processes
Wastewater Treatability Studies
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Identify Chemicals for Study • Anions, metals/inorganics, TDS, radionuclides • VOCs, SVOCs being considered
Identify Common Treatment Processes • Publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) (e.g., biological processes) • Commercial treatment systems (e.g., chemical precipitation,
evaporation)
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Chemical / Physical Processes
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• Commercial treatment systems • Field studies • Treatment processes
– Coagulation, flocculation, filtration, distillation • Sample collection
– Influent, effluent, residuals • Analytes
– Anions, metals/inorganics, TDS, radionuclides – VOCs, SVOCs under consideration
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Biological Processes
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• POTWs • Bench studies with chemostat reactors
– Blend hydraulic fracturing wastewater with synthetic municipal wastewater
• Sample collection – Influent, effluent
• Monitor effects on biological processes
• Analytes – Anions, metals/inorganics, TDS – VOCs and SVOCs under consideration
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Potential Analytes
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GROUP EXAMPLES
VOCs • Benzene • Chloroform
SVOCs • Fluoranthene • Napthalene • Phenol
Anions • Bromide • Chloride • Sulfate
Metals / Inorganics • Arsenic • Chromium
Radionuclides • Radium • Thorium • Uranium
Analytes must be measurable in high-TDS matrices
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Charge Question #12
10
What key trends in wastewater management, if any, may affect the volume and/or composition of hydraulic fracturing wastewater being treated and discharged to surface water?
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• Disposal through underground injection control wells • Treatment followed by:
– Reuse for additional hydraulic fracturing activities – Direct discharge to surface water (under NPDES permit) – Indirect discharge to surface water (via POTW) – Underground injection of treated brine – Beneficial reuse
• Evaporation ponds
Wastewater Management Practices
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Options
• Availability of treatment/disposal/reuse options • Treatment/disposal/reuse cost • Transportation cost • Local or regional water needs/availability
General Decision Criteria
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Wastewater Management Practices
12
PROJECT ANTICIPATED AVAILABLE INFORMATION Well File Review Volume and final disposition of flowback and produced
water from wells hydraulically fractured in 2009-10 FracFocus Analysis Data on water types reported in FracFocus by volume and
geographic location, focusing on recycled water, between January 2011 and February 2013
Literature review Current state of the science with respect to hydraulic fracturing wastewater management and reuse
EPA will obtain a “snapshot” of hydraulic fracturing wastewater management practices
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Technical Stakeholder Input*
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• Potential local impacts and public opinion play a role in disposal of hydraulic fracturing wastewater
• Saline water can be used in some hydraulic fracturing fluids, but this may negatively impact equipment
• Recycling occurs when it is cost-effective • High TDS concentrations limit effectiveness of some
treatment technologies • Produced water volumes may exceed the potential for
reuse, leading to a future need for treatment and disposal • Concern about management of treatment residuals
*Technical Workshop 2011, Technical Roundtable 2012
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Technical Stakeholder Input*
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• Industry is rapidly changing, with an increased emphasis on using recycled or brackish/salt water
• Long-term vision involves sharing water • Improved monitoring and tracking of wastewater
needed • Option for full scale watershed study, tiered with
suite of chemicals identified
*Technical Workshop 2013
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Charge Questions
15
11. EPA is currently able to detect and quantify selected anions, cations and metals in hydraulic fracturing wastewater and is considering modifying analytical methods for detecting selected organics in wastewater. Please provide recommendations for other specific chemicals that are of interest from a wastewater treatment and/or drinking water treatment perspective. 12. What key trends in wastewater management, if any, may affect the volume and/or composition of hydraulic fracturing wastewater being treated and discharged to surface water?